Psychopharmacology & biological narcology最新文献

{"title":"Possible autoimmune mechanisms of regulation of rat behavior in the “open field” test","authors":"V. Baturin, E. Beyer, M. Baturina","doi":"10.17816/phbn267161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn267161","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In recent years, researchers have demonstrated interest in the autoimmune mechanisms of regulation of physiological processes. In response to damage or protein expression, the levels of autoantibodies increased to ensure the restoration of the disturbed balance. Levels of autoantibodies are high in many diseases. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the levels of autoantibodies in the blood serum of experimental animals and evaluate their behavior in the open field test. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 32 male rats, two groups were formed: group 1 was not exposed to stress, whereas group 2 was subjected to stress for 7 days by applying a clamp on the skin fold for 15 min daily. Three days after the last stress procedure, testing was conducted in the open field. After assessing the behavior, blood serum was obtained, and the levels of autoantibodies to dopamine receptors (DR1 and DR2) and NMDA receptors (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) were determined. \u0000RESULTS: Compared with group 1, group 2 visited the central zones of the field less often, had lower vertical activity, and less often performed acts of washing. In group 2, the levels of autoantibodies to DR1 and DR2 were higher, but to NR2B were lower. Correlation analysis revealed that in group 2, the level of autoantibodies to DR2 was associated with horizontal activity (r = 0.60). In group 1, a relationship was established between the level of autoantibodies to NR2B and the number of runs through the central zones of the field (r = +0.68). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account the revealed relationship between the levels of autoantibodies and activity in the open field, the degree of increase in blood IgG titers to DR2 receptors may reflect the severity of changes in the behaviors of animals under stress. Conversely, in connection with the emerging data on the possibility of IgG penetration through the bloodbrain barrier, the effect of autoantibodies on brain dopamine receptors with a limited activity of the dopaminergic system may be considered.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126518300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate for the development of embryos and larvae of Danio rerio","authors":"Alexandra A. Blazhenko, A. Lebedev, N. Tapilskaya, S. Proshin, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn267455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn267455","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The development of eggs and larvae of Danio rerio ex utero and the optical transparency of their embryos allow visual analysis of embryos at different stages of development and evaluation of organogenesis. \u0000The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate to the survival of embryos and larvae of Danio rerio. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used Danio rerio fish of natural color. To assess the effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate on embryo survival, 64 eggs were collected and placed in separate wells. Three concentrations of sodium nucleospermate were tested in the experiment: 50 g (dose 1), 1.3 g (dose 2), and 0.0325 g (dose 3) per well (200 L). The experiment was conducted for 8 days, and blood circulation, exit of the larva from the egg, movements of the embryo inside the egg, and movements of the emerging larva were evaluated. \u0000RESULTS: On day 1 in the control group, blood circulation was recorded in all embryos, and movement was determined in 21.4%. With dose 1, the blood circulation in embryos was recorded at 37.5%, and movement was noted in 6.25%. With dose 2, blood circulation was detected in all embryos, while movement was noted in 46.6%. With dose 3, blood circulation was detected in all embryos, and movement was noted 18.75%. On day 8, only active movements of the larvae along the experimental hole were evaluated because all other parameters were recorded in 100% of the surviving embryos. The experiment on day 8 showed that in the control group, 37.5% of the initially taken living embryos actively move and develop satisfactorily with the addition of sodium nucleospermate at doses 50%, 81.25%, and 75%. \u0000CONCLUSION: The highest survival rate of Danio rerio larvae was recorded after the addition of sodium nucleospermate to the medium at an average dose of 1.3 g/200 L (6.5 g/mL, or 0.0065% solution).","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132969269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for the use of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer in the post-COVID period after a severe COVID-19: A clinical case","authors":"T. Sergeeva, D. Kachanov, Evgeniya A. Belogurova, Anfisa B. Batalova, A. V. Pavlysh","doi":"10.17816/phbn278278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn278278","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrotic changes in lung tissues after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are receiving increasing attention. Current tasks for the medical community include not only minimizing the effects on etiotropic factors and increasing the bodys resistance to the damaging effects of viruses but also minimizing the number of complications and in the long term reducing morbidity and improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients after a severe viral infection. \u0000The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of the effectiveness of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer in the post-COVID period after a severe COVID-19. \u0000A 46-year-old patient was diagnosed with COVID-19, which manifested as an acute respiratory viral infection in the clinic. She was hospitalized in a specialized department. Computed tomography noted 80% of lung damage, and oxygen saturation decreased to 70%. She was treated with antibiotics, antiviral drugs, anticoagulants, and hormones. After 1 month, she was discharged with improvement, and residual effects of lung damage (56%). In the post-hospital period, bovhyaluronidase azoximer for 25 days was prescribed. Clinical, radiological, laboratory, and clinical applied in a hospital. \u0000On computed tomography, no signs of infiltrative changes in the lungs and signs of pneumofibrosis, a picture of viral pneumonia, were noted. \u0000The case highlights the positive action of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer as an immunomodulatory and antifibrosing agent.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133913309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective antagonists of calcium-permeable GluA1 AMPA-receptors as potential antiaddictive agents","authors":"A. M. Potapkin, V. E. Gmiro, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn267069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn267069","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in synaptic dopamine levels, particularly in the nucleus accumbens sheath, is a critical initial response for encoding a drugs positive effect and the development of associative learning, which is crucial for finding drugs in response to their rewarding effects. \u0000This study aims to review current data describing the role of AMPA glutamate receptors in the pathological drug search that occurs during the transition from drug use to drug abuse. \u0000Publications reviewed and analyzed the journal publications in international databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, RSCI) on the mechanisms of interaction between dopamine and AMPA glutamate receptors in drug addiction pathogenesis are reviewed and analyzed. \u0000After repeated exposure to psychostimulant drugs, the dopamine response to narcogen administration becomes sensitized, which is responsible for drugs of abuse over other natural reinforcers. The nucleus accumbens contains convergent inputs of dopamine and glutamate, which modulate the response to psychostimulant drugs. Simultaneously, a constant increase in AMPA-receptors lacking the GluA2 subunit was observed, which leads to an increase in conductivity and initiates a cascade of calcium-dependent signaling. With the development of compulsive drug seeking, the expression of AMPA-receptors in the nucleus accumbens increases. \u0000Based on this hypothesis, it is reasonable to propose drugs for the treatment of drug dependence that counteract the neuroplastic changes in AMPA-receptors caused by repeated drug exposure and leading to addiction. IEM-1460 and IEM-2131, which are two GluA1 AMPA blockers, have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents against addiction and other CNS diseases.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129071754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cognitive stability of an elderly human is guaranteed by his lifelong motor activity","authors":"A. S. Radchenko","doi":"10.17816/phbn278248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn278248","url":null,"abstract":"A persons muscular activity, or behavior when performing various types of physical exercises, is determined by the brains complex, multi-level architectonics. The organization of any type of movement in sports and physical exercises, as well as various types of professional motor activity, involves all levels of the central nervous system. \u0000This study aims to analyze the benefits of sports for maintaining long-term brain activity. \u0000This study conducted literary critical analysis of the functional interaction of various cortical and subcortical mechanisms of human voluntary movements with domestic and foreign literature involvement. \u0000Regular sports cause structural changes in areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in the organization of movements. Moreover, due to an increase in perfusion, a significant part of the gray matter of the primary sensorimotor fields and many associative areas of the cortex are also subject to structural changes. Muscle work and any motor activity are a positive factor that determines a persons cognitive stability in old age due to favorable changes in the brain. \u0000This conclusion refutes the popular belief that long-term sports lead to the preservation of only the motor cortex with age, whereas the capillary networks in other areas, particularly associative fields, occlude earlier with age, and impair intelligence.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115500021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ghrelin levels in different brain regions in Danio rerio exposured to stress","authors":"Alexandra A. Blazhenko, P. Khokhlov, A. Lebedev, E. R. Bychkov, S. V. Kazakov, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn267375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn267375","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Literature data indicated that ghrelin may be a stress neuropeptide in some animals, including Danio rerio. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to measure the levels of ghrelin in Danio rerio brain (forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain) after predator exposure (predator stress test) and administration of ghrelin and oxytocin antagonists to assess the role of ghrelin in stress response. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used 68 Danio rerio, one predator of Cichlasoma nicaraguensis. Ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The following pharmacological agents were used: 1) ghrelin antagonist hexapeptide [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (Tocris, UK); 2) recombinant peptide analog of ghrelin agrelax with a molecular weight of 3.5 kDa, developed at the IEM (both compounds in equal dosages of 0.333 mg/L); corticoliberin (Tocris) at a dosage of 0.4 mg/L; and oxytocin (Gedeon Richter, Hungary) at a dosage of 3.8 L (0.005 IU/L) per 50 mL of aquarium water (0.019 IU/L). \u0000RESULTS: In the control group, ghrelin level was determined only in the hindbrain, and ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain were 4 pg/mg of total protein. Contact with a predator led to a significant increase in ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain, but not in the hindbrain. Thus, in fish forebrain, ghrelin levels increased to 966 12 pg/mg of protein, which is almost a 250-fold increase in the indicator compared with the level in intact animals. In the presence of agrelax, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, and oxytocin, ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain of stressed fish decreased approximately equally to 88 3, 97 1, and 115 1 pg/mg protein, respectively. \u0000CONCLUSION: Thus, stress exposure (contact with a predator) significantly increases ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain but decreases in the hindbrain. Stress-protective peptides (oxytocin, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, and agrelax) decreased ghrelin levels in the forebrain and midbrain, and to a lesser extent, in the hindbrain when exposed to stress.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fullerene C60 with antihypoxants","authors":"V. V. Marysheva, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/phbn267507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn267507","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Drug improvement is often carried out with the help of chemical modifications that improve the receptor action or transport of drugs to their target tissues. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combinations of C60 fullerene with amtizol, 2-amino-4-acetylthiazolo[5,4-b]indole, metaprot, metaprot base, and rutin on antihypoxic activities in a model of acute hypoxia with hypercapnia. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Several compounds with mono-, bi-, and tricyclic structures were examined separately or combined with C60 fullerene. All compounds, except for rutin, were synthesized at the Department of Pharmacology of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy and contain active amino groups, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms in the cycles: amtizol (3,5-diamino-1,2,4-thiadiazole), VM-606 (2-amino-4-acetylthiazolo[5,4-b]indole), Metaprot (2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide monohydrate), and Metaprot base. All compounds demonstrated antihypoxic activity. Hypobaric hypoxia was simulated in a flow pressure chamber by lifting animals to a height of 10,000 m at a speed of 50 m/s and exposure for 60 min. The preparations were administered intraperitoneally 60 min before the experiment. The protective effect was evaluated by the average life expectancy at altitude. Hypoxia with hypercapnia was assessed on male white mice weighing 2022 g, which were placed in 200 mL glass jars with hermetic lids, which were lowered under water to prevent air leakage. The studied preparations and their complexes with fullerene in the form of a thin suspension with Tween-80 were administered intraperitoneally min before hypoxia. The lifespan of the animals was recorded. \u0000RESULTS: The formation of the complex and its properties depend on the development of a donoracceptor bond between the drug and fullerene. An increase in the bioavailability of amtizol in the form of a complex with C60 fullerene increased the antihypoxic activity of the mixture by 40%. For the first time, dynamic curves of the activities of amtizol and 2-amino-4-acetylthiazolo[5,4-b]indole depending on time were obtained in a model of hypercapnic hypoxia. \u0000CONCLUSION: Fullerene C60 enhances the antihypoxic activity of the studied compounds due to an increase in the bioavailability of the antihypoxant caused by the microporation of tissue membranes due to the action of fullerene C60.","PeriodicalId":203264,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology & biological narcology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126758039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}