Polish Journal of Chemical Technology最新文献

{"title":"Application of a modified method of humic acids extraction as an efficient process in the production of formulations for agricultural purposes","authors":"Dominik Nieweś, Kinga Marecka, Magdalena Braun-Giwerska, Marta Huculak-Mączka","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to their properties, humic acids (HA) can interact with macro- and micronutrients and retain plant nutrients in the soil profile. The aim of the presented work was to develop a new integrated 4-step process for the isolation of humic acids from peat with their simultaneous enrichment in macronutrients. The study demonstrated the possibility of replacing traditional solutions used in the extraction of humic acids with solutions that are a source of macronutrients. For the alkaline extraction step, a process assisted with ultrasound was implemented, which allowed to increase the efficiency of humic acids isolation. Optimization of this step has shown that, with the application of ultrasound in the new procedure, it is possible to obtain the humic acids isolation efficiency of more than 60%. The qualitative analysis of the products obtained confirmed the presence of structures characteristic of humic acids, including key functional groups.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Effluent Quality from Sludge Dewatering on Electricity Consumption","authors":"Michał Hyrycz, Marek Ochowiak, Andżelika Krupińska, Sylwia Włodarczak","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the dewatering process, centrate is produced, which is returned to the beginning of the technological system. The quality of the resulting centrate, and therefore the size of the returned load of pollutants, affects the demand for electricity in the process of biological wastewater treatment. The following study presents the results of centrate quality tests at five wastewater treatment plants located in Poland. The dependence between suspended solids content and ammonia and COD concentrations in the centrate was determined. It was estimated that an increase in the overall suspended solids leads to an increase in COD by about 1.15 kgCOD/kgTSS. No correlation was found between TSS concentration and ammonia. It was calculated that the complete elimination of suspended solids from the sludge would reduce the electricity consumption for all five objects by about 535 MWh/y.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical investigations into the Spectrophotometrically Analyzed Niobium (V)-6-Chloro-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-(2’-thienyl)-4<i>H</i>-chromen-4-one Complex","authors":"Chetna Dhonchak, Nivedita Agnihotri, Mohammad Azam, Saleem Javed, Sambantham Muthu, Saud I Al-Resayes, Kim Min","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pentavalent niobium cation forms a stable yellow-colored binary complex with 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-(2’-thienyl)-4 H -chromen-4-one (CHMTC) in the ratio of 1:2. The complex is quantitatively extractable into carbon tetrachloride from HClO 4 solution maintained at pH 1.26–1.75 and strictly adheres to Beer’s law as verified by the Ringbom plot with an optimized range of determination as 0.385–1.211 ppm of Nb(V). The ligand-metal complex system shows good precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity and handles satisfactorily the analysis of several samples of varying complexity. The results are highly reproducible as confirmed by statistical data. The stability of the complex is theoretically confirmed with the help of HOMO-LUMO values and the energy gap [for CHMTC, Δ E gap = 3.62 V and for Nb(V)-CHMTC Complex, Δ E gap = 2.97 eV]. The reactivity descriptors were calculated for detailed computational study to probe into the chemical behavior of the studied ligand and its complex. Further, mapped electrostatic potential diagrams help in justifying the donor sites of CHMTC ligand which is in accordance with the analytical findings.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by aqueous extract of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> and their antibacterial activities against selected species","authors":"Zawar Hussain, Muhammad Jahangeer, Shafiq ur Rahman, Tamanna Ihsan, Abid Sarwar, Najeeb Ullah, Tariq Aziz, Metab Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Abdullah F. Alasmari","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Silver nanoparticles have special plasmonic and antibacterial characteristics that make them efficient in a variety of commercial medical applications. According to recent research, chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are harmful even in low concentrations. It was crucial to identify appropriate synthesis methods that may have low costs and be nontoxic to the environment. Zingiber officinale (ginger) extracts used to prepare silver nanoparticles were inexpensive and environmentally friendly, and the best physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface Plasmon resonance peak at 425 nm was observed using UV-Visible spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy observed that the nanoparticles were spherical and ranged in size from 5 to 35 nm. The XRD pattern values of 2θ: 38.2 o , 46.3 o , and 64.58 o are used to determine the planes (111), (200), and (220). The silver nanoparticle’s existence was verified by the face-centered cubic (FCC). Silver nanoparticles were found to have antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive Staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella Aerogenes , Salmonella , Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli . The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was observed using the agar well diffusion (AWD) method at three different concentrations (100 μg/ml, 75 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml). The zone of inhibition measured against the bacterial strains pseudomonas Aeruginosa , Klebsiella aerogenes , Escherichia coli , Salmonella and Staphylococcus which were (18.4±1.25 mm, 16.9±0.74 mm, 14.8±1.25 mm), (16.8±0.96 mm, 14.6±0.76 mm, 14.0±1.15 mm), (19.7±0.76 mm, 18.2±0.66 mm, 15.4±1.15 mm), (16.6±0.67 mm, 14.2±0.23 mm, 12.8±0.78 mm) and (12±0.68 mm, 10±0.20 mm, 08±0.15 mm). These nanoparticles’ potent antibacterial properties may enable them to be employed as nanomedicines for a variety of gram-negative bacterial illness treatments.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil by Using Indigenous Metallotolerant Fungi","authors":"Muhammad Bilal Akram, Ibrar Khan, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Abid Sarwar, Najeeb Ullah, Shafiq ur Rahman, Tariq Aziz, Metab Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Abdullah F Alasmari","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study was aimed to identify the indigenous fungal strains which could possibly be applied to the biore-mediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. The contaminated soil samples of Korangi Industrial Estate Karachi were found to have total concentration of Cu 1.044 mgL 1 , and Pb 0.631 mgL –1 . A total of eight indigenous strains of the fungus were isolated and screened for bioremediation capacity from heavy metals-contaminated soil. For the bioremediation of Lead (Pb) these same indigenous eight fungal strains were used for biological remediation. All the fungal isolated with enhanced bioremediation capability were through phenotypic and genotypical characterization. The topology of the phylograms established that the fungal isolates used in this study were allocated to: K1 ( Penicillium notatum ), K2 ( Aspergillus parasiticus ), K3 ( Aspergillus fumigatus ), K4 ( Aspergillus flavus ), K5 ( Aspergillus terries ), K6 ( Fusarium solani ), K7 ( Penicillium chrysogenum ), K8 ( Aspergillus niger ), K9 ( Penicillium piceum ) and K10 ( Penicillium restrictum ). Thus, K8 fungal isolate was found to be more efficient with maximum bioremediation capacity, for copper and lead removal efficiency, and selected for FTIR and SEM to find out the uptake of Cu and Pb which of the functional groups are involved, and further to detect the effects of bioleaching of both heavy metals on to the surface of K8 fungus biomass. The current study indicates that indigenous fungal isolates could be used with high potency to remediate or clean up the heavy metals-contaminated soil either by the technique of in situ or ex-situ bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a CPU Heat Sink with Minichannel-Fins &amp; its Thermal Analysis","authors":"Mehmet Emin Arzutuğ","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the design and the thermal analysis of a tribled microprocessor cooler combining the advantages of strong swirl flow and minichannel-fins and CuO nanofluid, have been presented. It is thought that the results will contribute to the understanding of the effects of parameters on the cooling flux of the heat sink and the decline at the microprocessor temperature, as Reynolds number in the minichannels and CuO % volume fraction. The results have exhibited that the total performance of the heat sink cooled with the mixture of water–CuO-EG nanofluids increases with the increase of Re number and the %load of nanoparticles in the coolant. It has been determined that the energy withdrawn from the microprocessor was 241 times higher than the energy generated for maximum CuO load and Re number conditions. Besides, the highest temperature decrease has been measured at the maximum CuO load value and maximum Re number.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaves extracts of <i>Coleus forskohlii L</i>. collected from Al-Leith Area, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Manal Y. Sameeh","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: wild Coleus forskohlii L . is a well-known traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases because of its high forskolin content and several diterpenes. Objective: this study aimed phytochemical screening, finding of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidation activity of Coleus forskohlii L . leavse extracts in Al-Leith area, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: dry leaves of wild C. forskohlii L . were used. Four solvents from diverse polarity groups were tested on these leaves, which are ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane. Moreover, obtained extracts were used in phytochemical analyzing, finding of total phenols, and antioxidation activity. Results: showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, Proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, and glycosides in Coleus forskohlii L . leaves. The highest value of total phenolic content (TPC) was significantly (P < 0.001) in ethanol extract (280.5±2.33 mg GAE/gm. Also, the highest value of total flavonoid content (TFC) was in ethanol extract (141.4±1.30 mg QE /g). The antioxidation activity was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in ethanol extract (78.55±2.23%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (60.18±1.21%), chloroform extract (36.11±2.54%), and lowest value in hexane extract (20.71±0.59%). The study clearly indicated that the leaves extract of C. forskohlli L . collected from Al-Leith region- Saudi Arabia has properties to be useful in pharmacological and biological industries.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of dense-phase pneumatic conveying in vertical pipe for gasifier","authors":"Yuzhen Gao, Choon Kit Chan","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The stable transportation of pulverized coal in the vertical pipe is significant for the operation of the gasifier. There are few studies on the flow characteristics and flow pattern transition of particles in vertical pipes with small diameters. This paper has modeled and analyzed the flow characteristic of powder in dense-phase pneumatic conveying through 25 mm vertical pipe using CFD. Firstly, the grid independence is verified to determine the optimal mesh size. Then, the influences of different solid loading ratios (SLRs) and conveying velocities on particle flow characteristics, flow stability, and flow pattern transition are investigated. The results show that the flow pattern in the vertical pipe changes from annular flow to uniform flow at high SLR and low conveying velocity. Moreover, the evolution regulation of resistance characteristics under different conveying velocities is further revealed. Considering the conveying stability and economic benefit, the most suitable conveying velocity is 6 m/s.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic of Oil Sludge Thermolysis Process in Presence of Nickel, Cobalt and Iron-Supported Microsilicate","authors":"Sairagul Tyanakh, Murzabek Baikenov, Ma Feng Yun, Tolkyn Khamitova, Nazerke Balpanova, Balzhan Tulebayeva, Aikorkem Kyzkenova, Aliya Karimova, N.Z. Rakhimzhanova, E.V. Kochegina","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article is devoted to the experimental determination of thermokinetic parameters of oil sludge thermal degradation using the model-free Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method in the presence of a nanocatalyst (nickel, cobalt and iron-supported microsilicate) by calculating Arrhenius kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor). The phase composition of the reflex microsilicate was established – 4.12; 2.51 Å – SiO 2 , nickel-supported microsilicate reflexes: 2.09; 1.48 Å – NiO, reflexes: 4.25 Å – SiO 2 and acid numbers of microsilicate – 64 μmol/g of prepared nanocatalysts. Using the method of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller, the specific surface area of the microsilicate was established – 18.3 ± 0.3 m 2 /g, the microsilicate with nickel applied – 20.9 ± 0.2 m 2 /g and the adsorption isotherm of the prepared nanocatalysts (microsilicate with nickel, cobalt and iron). Thermokinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of oil sludge without a catalyst and with a catalyst at an increment of 0.9 are 99.0 and 93.3 kJ/mol nickel-supported microsilicate, 51.9 kJ/mol cobalt-supported microsilicate, 111.3 kJ/mol iron-supported microsilicate and non-metal-supported microsilicate 173.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The study of the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of oil sludge using various catalysts makes it possible to assess their influence on the process of decomposition of organic components. The results of the experiments showed that the use of catalysts significantly affects the destruction of oil sludge. Dynamic thermal analysis at different heating rates studied the dynamics of oil sludge decomposition. The study of the effect of catalysts on the kinetic parameters of oil sludge pyrolysis is an important step in the development of new methods for the disposal of petroleum products and the reduction of their negative impact on the environment. The obtained experimental data on thermal degradation kinetics of oil sludge will find application in designing a reactor for the process of destructive hydrogenation of heavy hydrocarbon raw materials.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD-DEM simulation of raceway size and mechanical characteristics of industrial scale blast furnace","authors":"Yuzhen Gao, Choon Kit Chan","doi":"10.2478/pjct-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The raceway plays a crucial role in ensuring the stable functioning of the ironmaking blast furnace. It is the key site where the chemical reaction of coke combustion takes place, providing the necessary heat and reducing gas for the upper iron ore reduction process. Consequently, the size of the raceway serves as an essential indicator of the blast furnace’s operational condition. In this study, a mathematical model for the raceway of an industrial-scale blast furnace was established. Extensive innovation investigations were conducted to explore the characteristics pertaining to the raceway’s size. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that both the particle size and the inlet velocity exert significant influences on the raceway dimensions. Specifically, the height of the raceway is predominantly affected by the particle size, whereas the inlet velocity predominantly influences the depth of the raceway.","PeriodicalId":20324,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Chemical Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}