Polar Science最新文献_第5页

Prospects for the development of the Northern Sea Route after February 2022: An analysis of Russia's policy in the new conditions 2022 年 2 月后北方航道的发展前景：新形势下俄罗斯的政策分析

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101054

引用次数: 0

Characterization and discrimination of tundra plant leaves by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 通过衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱分析苔原植物叶片的特征和鉴别方法

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.101037

{"title":"Characterization and discrimination of tundra plant leaves by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating the biochemical fingerprint of plants, but its applicability to tundra plant leaves has yet to be addressed. The present study aimed to apply ATR-FTIR measurement to characterize tundra plant leaves and to discriminate these among plant species with different growth forms. The ATR-FTIR spectra in the fingerprint region (1800–800 cm−1) of live and dead leaves from 14 tundra plant species of shrubs, forbs, graminoids, and mosses showed a variability in overall appearance among plant species and a degree of similarity between live and dead leaves of the same plant species. Four highest peaks were found at 1637–1575 cm−1, 1452–1406 cm−1, 1325–1313 cm−1, and 1058–1022 cm−1 in these spectra and are attributed to chemical features of lignin, cellulose, and/or oxalate. Principal component analyses showed that leaves of Oxyria digyna and other forbs had distinctive spectral characteristics attributable to the content of oxalate and other putative compounds and that contents of lignin relative to cellulose were generally greater in shrubs than in graminoids and mosses. These results demonstrated that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is useful for future applications in polar biology and ecology, for example the description of functional traits of arctic plants and decomposition processes by microbes.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138683003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-cultural visual anthropology: Beyond repatriation, exploring indigenous and non-indigenous exchanges 跨境视觉人类学：超越遣返，探索土著与非土著交流

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101105

Hiroki Takakura , Vanda Ignatyeva

{"title":"Cross-cultural visual anthropology: Beyond repatriation, exploring indigenous and non-indigenous exchanges","authors":"Hiroki Takakura , Vanda Ignatyeva","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Collaboration is critical concept in Arctic anthropology, in which indigenous people participate not just as research subjects but as collaborative partners in advancing scientific knowledge. The trans-disciplinary approach develops new conceptual, theoretical, and methodological innovations that transcend discipline-specific boundaries. Such innovations facilitate engagement between indigenous and non-indigenous stakeholders in addressing real-world challenges. This paper documents several Siberian ethnography exhibitions organized by the authors and evaluates their anthropological and social significance. Historically, anthropological discourse has championed using visual materials as tools for cultural interventions aimed at societal transformation. Building upon this foundation, this study explores the challenges of both the Russian Arctic and Asian contexts. The article guides the readers to reconsider conventional anthropological perspectives and methods of collaborating both with the indigenous and non-indigenous partners. By outlining the authors experiences in involving local stakeholders across different countries in these exhibitions, they illuminate the impact of the exhibitions on diverse cultural contexts. As cross-cultural visual anthropology endeavors, the exhibits redefine the meaning of ethnographical snapshots as scientific knowledge and go beyond repatriating indigenous cultures or sharing research outcomes with the broader society. The cross-cultural exhibition is becoming a novel research modality and a tool for fostering social interactions.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Traveling exhibition project in the Western Siberian region of Russia: On the river ecology of the Ob River and its tributaries 俄罗斯西伯利亚西部地区巡回展览项目：鄂毕河及其支流的河流生态

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101094

引用次数: 0

Knowledge exchange in the arctic environmental studies: Bridging science and the local community in dialogue 北极环境研究中的知识交流：架起科学与当地社区对话的桥梁

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101103

Anna Stammler-Gossmann

{"title":"Knowledge exchange in the arctic environmental studies: Bridging science and the local community in dialogue","authors":"Anna Stammler-Gossmann","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In the context of accelerated climate dynamics and uncertainties surrounding climate change research, collaborative approaches to knowledge generation are increasingly cited as a pathway needed for navigating the complexity of challenges. There is a widespread consensus that researcher-community joint expertise deepens our understanding of climatic changes. However, how this unfolds in practical settings lacks rigorous empirical support in the landscape of contemporary environmental studies. The article focuses on the intrinsic process of expert knowledge exchange and creating knowledge-in-action space for meaningful community-researcher partnerships. Addressing these issues draws upon experiences facilitating public events for diverse audiences in different countries and varying settings of scale, format and level of engagement. This account refers to the essential role of dialogue, interactivity, culturally sensitive devotion and visualization as powerful tools in building a platform for knowledge co-creation. It analyzes different ways of designing knowledge exchange that give access to a spectrum of experimentation, self-reflection and liaison with art but also requires mobilizing ethics and flexibility.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965224000860/pdfft?md5=25fa25d397334f5d5c26659668aced93&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965224000860-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrieving compressive sea ice strength in the Beaufort Sea using the inverse visco-plastic model 利用反粘弹性模型检索波弗特海的海冰抗压强度

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101107

G. Panteleev , M. Yaremchuk , O. Francis

{"title":"Retrieving compressive sea ice strength in the Beaufort Sea using the inverse visco-plastic model","authors":"G. Panteleev , M. Yaremchuk , O. Francis","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>We apply a simplified 2d Visco-Plastic (VP) sea ice model with a spatially variable representation of the sea ice rheological parameters for retrieving maximum compressive sea ice strength from satellite and in situ observations. A set of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) demonstrates feasibility of optimizing rheological parameter of the VP sea ice model through the variational data assimilation approach during the periods of strong sea ice convergence if accurate sea ice observations are available. Following this strategy, the developed variational data assimilation VP model was applied to the sea ice velocity (https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0116/versions/4<svg><path></path></svg>), sea ice concentration (https://nsidc.org/data/<svg><path></path></svg>) and CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness observations collected in the vicinity of three moorings in the Beaufort Sea during periods of intensive sea ice convergence. Ice velocities from moorings and atmospheric wind speed (NCEP-NCAR) were used as well. Our results show that conventional maximum compressive sea ice strength (Hibler, 1979) may depend on sea ice thickness or other parameters partly controlled by the sea ice thickness, which is driven by the seasonal cycle.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How does a dynamic surface roughness affect snowpack modeling? 动态表面粗糙度对雪堆建模有何影响？

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101110

Jessica E. Sanow , Steven R. Fassnacht , Kazuyoshi Suzuki

{"title":"How does a dynamic surface roughness affect snowpack modeling?","authors":"Jessica E. Sanow , Steven R. Fassnacht , Kazuyoshi Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The SNOWPACK model is a cryosphere model which incorporates several environmental model parameters, one of which being the aerodynamic roughness length (z0). The z0 is considered a static parameter, however, research has shown that the z0 of the surface is variable due to the changing nature of the snowpack surface throughout the winter season. This study highlights the sensitivity of the z0 within the SNOWPACK model based on the outputs of sublimation, SWE, and sensible heat. The z0 values were calculated in two ways, anemometrically (z0-A), using a wind profile, and geometrically (z0-G), measuring surface geometry. Calculated z0-A values were between 1.03 × 10−6 to 0.12 m. The z0-G values were calculated from a terrestrial lidar scan using various resolution values of post-process resolutions. These resolutions of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 m resulted in z0-G values of 0.26, 0.08, and 0.01 m, respectively. Therefore, as the resolution coarsened, the z0-G values decreased. Lastly, these calculated z0-G values, a variable run, using weekly measured z0-G values, and 0.002 (SNOWPACK default), 0.02, and 0.2 m values were incorporated into the SNOWPACK model. When applied, cumulative sublimation, SWE, and sensible heat outputs varied by 131%, −71%, and −49%, when compared to the default z0 value used within the model.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of varying temperature increases on the microbial community of Pleistocene and Holocene permafrost 不同温度升高对更新世和全新世永久冻土微生物群落的影响

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101096

Lan Anh Catherine Nguyen , Go Iwahana , Shinji Fukuda , Koyomi Nakazawa , Kenjiro Tadakuma , Josephine Galipon

{"title":"Effect of varying temperature increases on the microbial community of Pleistocene and Holocene permafrost","authors":"Lan Anh Catherine Nguyen , Go Iwahana , Shinji Fukuda , Koyomi Nakazawa , Kenjiro Tadakuma , Josephine Galipon","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The total area covered by permafrost has been continually decreasing over the past decades. This study investigates the effect of various temperature increases on the microbiome of permafrost sampled at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) Permafrost Tunnel site in Fox, Alaska, USA, corresponding to the Holocene (around 8000 years before present (ybp)) and Pleistocene (around 36,000 ybp), respectively. The soil was subjected to two thawing time courses, with temperature increasing from −4 °C to either +4 °C or +25 °C, and total nucleic acid was extracted at each time point. Consistent with previous 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing studies on the Permafrost Tunnel, the Pleistocene was dominated by Clostridia, while the Holocene was mainly composed of Clostridia, Bacteroidia and Alphaproteobacteria at −4 °C. Thawing at +25 °C resulted in divergent microbial profiles for permafrost of both ages, with the Pleistocene becoming more similar to the active layer, while the Holocene was relatively less impacted. Prediction of metabolic function revealed that bacteria from the Holocene permafrost activated degradation pathways upon thawing at +25 °C, while bacteria from the Pleistocene were more involved in amino-acid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting different mechanisms of adaptation.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food life history and cold storage in Greater Beringia. Part I: Preliminary interdisciplinary investigation 大白令陆的食物生活史和冷藏第一部分：初步跨学科调查

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101092

{"title":"Food life history and cold storage in Greater Beringia. Part I: Preliminary interdisciplinary investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Cold storage of food using a natural cold environment (i.e., frozen ground, ice, snow, and freezing air) is globally found to be compatible with the local environment, and within the cultural traditions of communities. Our interdisciplinary project, focusing on four areas from Beringia (Alaska and easternmost Siberia) to the middle latitudes (Mongolia and Japan) of the northern hemisphere, aims to 1) document the variations and commonalities in the history, present situations, and future concerns of cold storage facilities, 2) review the roles and functionalities of the practice through the “Food Life History” concept, a new framework to address local food issues in a global context on the history of interactions between humanity and the environment, and 3) co-produce knowledge and strategies to facilitate cold storage practices for local adaptation to environmental and economic challenges. In this preliminary study conducted from 2021 to 2023, we initiated communication with local leaders and knowledge-bearers, examined current conditions, and installed temperature monitors in cold storage structures where available. The results illustrate the presence of practices of various types, specifications, and conditions, commonly challenged by environmental changes both natural (e.g., permafrost thawing and ground wetting) and social (e.g., modern technologies, education, and economy).</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965224000756/pdfft?md5=2e74c87de068c258a293a11fd49b5d12&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965224000756-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the sustainability of remote arctic communities with high-energy-efficiency houses 用高能效房屋改善北极偏远社区的可持续性

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101101

Osawa Hisato , Satoshi Oike , Taro Mori

{"title":"Improving the sustainability of remote arctic communities with high-energy-efficiency houses","authors":"Osawa Hisato , Satoshi Oike , Taro Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Qaanaaq, a remote community in Greenland, faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) due to its extremely high heating demands, reliance on diesel fuel, limited transportation options, declining population, and shortage of skilled labor in the construction industry. Addressing these issues is particularly complex due to the harsh climate and limited resources. In this study, we propose a strategy to achieve SDGs in Qaanaaq by replacing 263 single-family homes with 66 highly insulated multi-family nearly zero-energy apartment houses (n-ZEAHs) and installing rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Simulation results indicate that replacing homes with n-ZEAHs could reduce annual heating energy consumption by 9575 MWh and that the rooftop PV systems could offset approximately 57% of annual electricity sales, significantly improving Qaanaaq's energy security. However, field measurements revealed that indoor humidity in n-ZEAHs was low and that CO2 and PM10 levels occasionally exceeded standards. Additionally, the rooftop PV systems may not fully meet monthly electricity demands during certain seasons. To address these issues, it will be necessary to introduce appropriate ventilation systems and consider the implementation of combined systems that integrate other renewable energy sources and batteries. Given the limited availability of skilled technicians in Qaanaaq, simple and user-friendly systems are preferred. The findings of this study provide valuable insights on how to achieve SDGs in cold and remote climate communities like Qaanaaq.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0