Polar Science最新文献_第5页

Differences in iodine chemistry over the Antarctic continent 南极大陆上空碘化学成分的差异

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.101014

Anoop S. Mahajan , Shrutika Wagh , Rafael P. Fernandez , Surendra Singh , Silvia Bucci , Alfonso Saiz-Lopez

{"title":"Differences in iodine chemistry over the Antarctic continent","authors":"Anoop S. Mahajan , Shrutika Wagh , Rafael P. Fernandez , Surendra Singh , Silvia Bucci , Alfonso Saiz-Lopez","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>High concentrations of iodine oxide (IO) have been reported over west Antarctica, with areas around the Weddell Sea showing a peak in spring. However, stations in east Antarctica show much lower values during summer, although observations over spring are still missing. Here, we present the first year-long observations of IO outside the Weddell Sea region using a multi-axis differential </span>optical absorption spectrometer (MAX-DOAS) over the Bharati station (69.41°S, 76.19°E). Observations show that iodine chemistry is less active than over the Weddell Sea, even during springtime, with IO mixing ratios below 2 pptv throughout the sunlit period. A slight increase in IO is observed in spring, although it is a factor of 10 lower than the Weddell Sea region. We identify the variations in drivers in the different regions using sea ice concentrations, sea ice thickness and chlorophyll concentrations. We use a global model which uses a parameterization for iodine emissions based on a combination of these factors. The model reproduces the high concentrations over the Weddell Sea and the low concentrations over Bharati throughout the year, shedding light on the environmental factors, sources and chemistry of iodine in Antarctica. Even at small concentrations, iodine can enhance ozone loss caused by bromine chemistry over east Antarctica, although this impact is lower than in the west Antarctic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135515642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the human footprint in Antarctica: A case study Larsemann Hills 评估南极洲的人类足迹：拉瑟曼山案例研究

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101048

Sergey Kakareka, Sviatlana Salivonchyk

{"title":"Assessment of the human footprint in Antarctica: A case study Larsemann Hills","authors":"Sergey Kakareka, Sviatlana Salivonchyk","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The article is devoted to assessment of the anthropogenic influence in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica<span>. The emission of the main pollutants and greenhouse gases from diesel generators used at Antarctic stations are estimated for the period since the beginning of the development of the oasis area (from 1986 to 2019). It is shown that SO</span></span><sub>2</sub> emissions decreased in 2019 compared to peak values in 1990 by 5.6 times, which was due to a significant decrease of the sulfur content in fuel. Emissions of other pollutants mostly increased. Surface air pollution by SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, PM<sub>10</sub> and black carbon (BC) using the AERMOD dispersion model are characterized. It is revealed that the most significant emission health impact is due to increase of surface concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. Deposition fluxes of PM<sub>10</sub> and BC are estimated. The fluxes of PM<sub>10</sub><span> and BC dry deposition in the territory of Larsemann Hills can reach maximum values of 27.5 and 21.7 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>/year, respectively; can be traced in certain directions at a distance of up to 2.0 km or more. Modeling of BC deposition due to the dispersion of emission allowed to make draft estimates of soot concentration in the snow of the area and resulting radiative forcing </span>climatic effects.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139509332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collaboration network analysis for the Arctic issues based on a collection of international collaborative events 基于国际合作活动集的北极问题合作网络分析

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101091

Xiaoxue Ma, Qiaoling Du, Weiliang Qiao, Yang Liu

{"title":"Collaboration network analysis for the Arctic issues based on a collection of international collaborative events","authors":"Xiaoxue Ma, Qiaoling Du, Weiliang Qiao, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2024.101091","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, global warming has accelerated the melting of Arctic ice. The value of the Arctic has been increasing in various aspects and has received widespread attention from the international community. The significance of globalization of the Arctic issue has become more and more prominent, the member states of the Arctic Council, observer states, and non-Arctic countries that have intensively developed and updated their respective Arctic strategies have actively participated about Arctic issues. The international collaboration has gradually become an effective way of addressing Arctic issues. In order to explore the pattern behind the collaborative events about Arctic issues, with the application of complex network analysis, the international collaborative events about Arctic issues from 2013 to 2023 are selected to construct the collaborative networks. Then the collaborative networks are quantitatively analyzed by the relevant parameters of complex network. These parameters for quantitative analysis include network density, average path length, clustering coefficient, degree centrality, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality. The results of the study reveal the changes in international collaboration about Arctic issues from 2013 to 2023.","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Status on snow cover area, mass balance, glacial area loss, surface velocities and applications of snowmelt runoff model over Kashmir Himalayas and Upper Indus Basin: A review 克什米尔喜马拉雅山脉和上印度河流域的积雪覆盖面积、质量平衡、冰川面积损失、地表速度和融雪径流模型应用现状：综述

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101075

Suhail Ahmad Dar, Md. Omar Sarif

{"title":"Status on snow cover area, mass balance, glacial area loss, surface velocities and applications of snowmelt runoff model over Kashmir Himalayas and Upper Indus Basin: A review","authors":"Suhail Ahmad Dar, Md. Omar Sarif","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2024.101075","url":null,"abstract":"This review work presented a detailed review of snow cover area, mass balance status, glacial area loss, surface velocities and applications of snowmelt runoff model (SRM) applied in the Kashmir Himalayas and Upper Indus Basin (UIB) of the Himalayas. This study reviewed all the studies done in the past which are done on the Kashmir Himalayas and UIB glaciers by different methods. The geodetic and glaciological methods suggested that the glaciers in the Kashmir Himalayas and UIB are having a negative glacial mass balance and are losing ice mass at higher rates during the last two decades and are losing glacial area every year. And the glaciers in the Zanskar range are also having negative mass balance but are losing less ice mass as compared to the Glaciers in Kashmir Himalayas, while the glaciers in the Karakorum range are having positive mass balance and are losing glacial area at slower rates. Studies have found that higher surface velocities are observed in the glaciers which are present in the Kashmir region and indicate rapid melting because of higher temperatures recorded in this part of the world because of global warming. This review reflects an increasing understanding that how much of the water reservoirs we have lost and in which era we are heading to.","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141059897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating and locating a suitable bedrock drilling site near zhongshan station with airborne and ground-based observations 通过航空和地面观测评估和确定中山站附近合适的基岩钻探地点

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101076

Yanjun Li, Xiangbin Cui, Gang Qiao, Lin Li, Shinan Lang

{"title":"Evaluating and locating a suitable bedrock drilling site near zhongshan station with airborne and ground-based observations","authors":"Yanjun Li, Xiangbin Cui, Gang Qiao, Lin Li, Shinan Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2024.101076","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the interaction between the Antarctic biogeochemical cycle and global environmental change requires a comprehensive investigation of the ice sheet and underlying bedrock. An effective approach to investigating subglacial characteristics is through bedrock drilling, making the identification of a suitable drilling site a crucial prerequisite. In this study, data from airborne ice-penetrating radar and an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing were used in combination to obtain real-time and high-resolution information about the surface, ice thickness, and subglacial conditions in a local area near Zhongshan Station, and further to identify a drilling site that is both safe and optimal for the successful acquisition of bedrock samples beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. By analyzing the airborne ice-penetrating radar data from the 35th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) (2018–2019), a potential drilling site was selected based on ice thickness (≤200 m) and a dry basal condition with no channels or basal crevasses, to avoid drilling fluid leakage. UAV data confirmed stable surface topography, ice flow, and the absence of surface crevasses. The optimal site was identified as located close to the western flank of the upstream part of the Dålk Glacier. In 2019, CHINARE successfully retrieved a valuable bedrock core sample from the borehole at this location. This study provides a feasible and effective methodology for locating a bedrock drilling site by using data from airborne ice-penetrating radar and UAV remote sensing.","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141059896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Important factors affecting transportation for shippers and potential demand for the Northeast Passage: A conjoint analysis of Japan 影响托运人运输的重要因素和东北航道的潜在需求：对日本的联合分析

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.101043

Shinichi Yamaguchi , Kei Komuro , Shinnosuke Tanabe , Hajime Yamaguchi

{"title":"Important factors affecting transportation for shippers and potential demand for the Northeast Passage: A conjoint analysis of Japan","authors":"Shinichi Yamaguchi , Kei Komuro , Shinnosuke Tanabe , Hajime Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study utilized choice-based conjoint analysis, along with conditional logit to identify the following three research questions: RQ1: Which factor of the route is important for sippers in marine transport? RQ2: What is the potential demand for the NEP? How does the shipping cost alter the demand? RQ3: Which industry exhibits a high potential demand for the NEP? According to the results, Shipping Time, Percent Delay, Container Temperature, and Shipping Cost impact route selection by shippers. The following order was determined in terms of importance: Cost > Delay > Time > Temperature. The following values were found for the marginal willingness to pay: USD 31.7/FEU for one-day reduction, USD 35.2/FEU for 1% reduction in the delay rate of 1–3 days, and USD 456.0/FEU for a decrease in temperature inside the container from 15 to 45 °C to 5–20 °C. Furthermore, the potential probability of the selection of NEP is 39.4% if the cost is equal. When the cost increases from USD 2585/FEU to USD 2100–2150/FEU, the share becomes equal to the SCR. The Agriculture and Fisheries industry exhibited the highest potential demand, while the Chemical industry exhibited the least demand. These results led to three policy implications. It should be noted, however, that the accuracy of the analysis remains debatable because it is not random sampling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965223001652/pdfft?md5=f0ab490e89a4641e7ae83616044f36f4&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965223001652-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indigenous place names in arctic Canada: A publicly accessible inventory of projects 加拿大北极地区的土著地名：可公开查阅的项目清单

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.101002

M. Cecilia Porter , Alyssa Parker , Matthew Walls

{"title":"Indigenous place names in arctic Canada: A publicly accessible inventory of projects","authors":"M. Cecilia Porter , Alyssa Parker , Matthew Walls","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toponyms contain Indigenous modes of understanding and reflect ecological histories and deep relationships between Indigenous communities, arctic environments, time, and land. Completed toponymic studies are useful for researchers to access; however, they are notoriously difficult to find. Many are completed by community groups and published on their websites, or are completed by government agencies and published as grey literature. An inventory of toponym projects has not existed, and eliciting what has been completed where, with whom, and by whom has required long searches through academic and grey literature. In this paper, we inventory Indigenous toponymy projects in the Canadian North, and document our efforts to produce a publicly accessible index where toponymy projects can be found via maps. New or unknown resources can be added by users. Our purpose, here, is to document the production of this resource and to increase awareness of toponymical resources among communities, researchers, scientists, and other stakeholders. We reflect on knowledge gained through construction of the index and make observations on trends in Inuit toponym research through time. We argue for renewed efforts across arctic sciences to recognize Inuit-environment relationships through reference to place names and the ecological histories they encapsulate, and we provide considerations for future work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965223001093/pdfft?md5=ed9eab58b0da573897253891f67db510&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965223001093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biophysical effects of an old tundra fire in the Brooks Range Foothills of Northern Alaska, U.S.A 美国阿拉斯加北部布鲁克斯山脉山麓老苔原火灾的生物物理效应

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984

Eric A. Miller , Carson A. Baughman , Benjamin M. Jones , Randi R. Jandt

{"title":"Biophysical effects of an old tundra fire in the Brooks Range Foothills of Northern Alaska, U.S.A","authors":"Eric A. Miller , Carson A. Baughman , Benjamin M. Jones , Randi R. Jandt","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 and 2017 the burn initially became wetter as ice wedges melted but then drained and dried as the troughs became hydrologically connected. The reference tundra has become wetter over the last few decades and appears to be lagging through a similar sequence. The burn averaged 2.5 °C warmer than the reference tundra at 30 cm depth. Thinning of organic soil following fire appears to dramatically accelerate the background degradation of ground-ice features in response to climate change and promotes a plant community that is distinct in terms of taxa and structure, dominated by tall willows and other competitive, rather than cold-tolerant, species. The cover of sedges and mosses is low while that of willows and grass is high relative to the reference tundra. The changes in plant community composition and structure, increasing ground temperature, and thermokarst lead us to expect the observed biophysical changes to the tundra will persist centuries into the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965223000828/pdfft?md5=96a8f7b412004deab43880eae8ab1831&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965223000828-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific research and collaboration in Antarctica: Türkiye's engagement from a science diplomacy perspective 南极洲的科学研究与合作：从科学外交的角度看土耳其的参与

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.101035

Derya Buyuktanir Karacan , Burcu Ozsoy , Dilara Zengin Okay

{"title":"Scientific research and collaboration in Antarctica: Türkiye's engagement from a science diplomacy perspective","authors":"Derya Buyuktanir Karacan , Burcu Ozsoy , Dilara Zengin Okay","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Antarctic Peninsula is one of the most affected regions by global climate change, requiring a multinational and collaborative effort of concerted actions guided by scientific principles. Science diplomacy has been embraced by policymakers and various stakeholders as a promising approach in international and global politics to tackle this issue and manage Antarctica's governance peacefully through science and diplomacy. The Antarctic Treaty System has been accepted as a model for international cooperation among the countries interested in Antarctic science and governance for many years. However, with the profound changes in the Antarctic Peninsula landscape in recent years due to global climate change, an increasing number of nations with various motivations have been more eager to secure a place at the table regarding the governance of Antarctica, which has become a vital agenda. Scientific research and collaboration have been among the most effective ways for most countries to show their presence in/for the region. This study aims to emphasize the increasing importance of Antarctica from a Science Diplomacy perspective and discuss Türkiye's recent policies and initiatives as an emerging market economy and a potential model for developing countries to engage in scientific research and collaboration in Antarctica from the same perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965223001494/pdfft?md5=9c66e1258b46df8a34797a5563763606&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965223001494-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soundscape during summer in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic 北极斯瓦尔巴群岛康斯峡湾夏季声景

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.101005

Sunil Kumar Mohanta , M.C. Sanjana , G. Latha , E. Arunbabu

{"title":"Soundscape during summer in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic","authors":"Sunil Kumar Mohanta , M.C. Sanjana , G. Latha , E. Arunbabu","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper summarises research on ambient noise data collected during the summers of 2016 and 2017 by an autonomous Ambient Noise Measurement System (ANMS) deployed in the Kongsfjorden, Arctic. The primary goals of this study are to identify the various soundscape components and the variation of the soundscape in the Arctic environment during the summers of 2016 and 2017. This work mainly quantifies the ambient noise sources during each month of the summer. After analysing the data, five distinct sources of soundscape were identified, out of which three geophysical sources, including iceberg bubbling, glacier calving, and rain noise, as well as two anthropogenic sources, such as shipping noise and ice ramming noise, were identified. No biological sources were identified either in the summer of 2016 or in 2017. A comparison of average Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) in the summers of 2016 and 2017 shows that the difference in average SPL below 8 kHz is 3 dB re 1 μPa<sup>2</sup>/Hz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965223001123/pdfft?md5=3bf6c1bf37234a51868c416c1564d6b2&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965223001123-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135607340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0