Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4030023

Mahboobe Safari Sinegani, Maria Manzoor, K. H. Mühling

{"title":"Calcium-Associated Anions Play a Dual Role in Modulating Cadmium Uptake and Translocation in Wheat","authors":"Mahboobe Safari Sinegani, Maria Manzoor, K. H. Mühling","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4030023","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium accumulation in wheat as a daily food, even in low concentrations, is a serious threat to human health. Previous studies have reported conflicting results on the impact of calcium treatments on cadmium uptake and translocation in plants due to the complex soil conditions. Our hydroponic study offers clearer insights into how specific calcium treatment parameters influence cadmium uptake and translocation in wheat. The hydroponic medium was contaminated by cadmium (CdCl2) and the following treatments were applied: CaCO3, CaSO4, CaCl2, CaCO3 + CaSO4, CaCO3 + CaCl2, and CaSO4 + CaCl2. After harvesting, the wheat was analyzed for Cd2+ uptake characteristics including translocation factor, bioconcentration factor, and uptake. Furthermore, physiological growth parameters and plant nutrients were also determined. Applying CaCO3 significantly decreased wheat Cd2+ concentration by about three times in CaCO3 and two times in CaCO3 + CaSO4 and CaCO3 + CaCl2 treatments than in Cd-control. This study clearly elucidates that pH and CO32− were crucial in reducing Cd2+ concentration in wheat. SO42−, Cl−, and Ca2+ showed no effect on Cd2+ concentration. Ca2+ only reduced the translocation factor (TF) of Cd2+ in plants. CaCO3 also declined cadmium interference in the Mg2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+ uptake. Therefore, this study provides novel insight into the pure effects of calcium treatments on controlling cadmium contamination in plants, independent of soil effect.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forecasting End-of-Life Vehicle Generation in the EU-27: A Hybrid LSTM-Based Forecasting and Grey Systems Theory-Based Backcasting Approach 欧盟 27 国报废汽车生成量预测：基于 LSTM 的预测和基于灰色系统理论的反推混合方法

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4030022

Selman Karagoz

{"title":"Forecasting End-of-Life Vehicle Generation in the EU-27: A Hybrid LSTM-Based Forecasting and Grey Systems Theory-Based Backcasting Approach","authors":"Selman Karagoz","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4030022","url":null,"abstract":"End-of-life vehicle (ELV) forecasting constitutes a crucial aspect of sustainable waste management and resource allocation strategies. While the existing literature predominantly employs time-series forecasting and machine learning methodologies, a dearth of studies leveraging deep learning techniques, particularly Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, is evident. Moreover, the focus on localized contexts within national or municipal boundaries overlooks the imperative of addressing ELV generation dynamics at an international scale, particularly within entities such as the EU-27. Furthermore, the absence of methodologies to reconcile missing historical data presents a significant limitation in forecasting accuracy. In response to these critical gaps, this study proposes a pioneering framework that integrates grey systems theory (GST)-based backcasting with LSTM-based deep learning methodologies for forecasting ELV generation within the EU until 2040. By introducing this innovative approach, this study not only extends the methodological repertoire within the field but also enhances the applicability of findings to supranational regulatory frameworks. Moreover, the incorporation of backcasting techniques addresses data limitations, ensuring more robust and accurate forecasting outcomes. The results indicate an anticipated decline in the recovery and recycling of ELVs, underscoring the urgent need for intervention by policymakers and stakeholders in the waste management sector. Through these contributions, this study enriches our understanding of ELV generation dynamics and facilitates informed decision-making processes in environmental sustainability and resource management domains.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isotopic Differentiation (δ18OPO4) of Inorganic Phosphorus among Organic Wastes for Nutrient Runoff Tracing Studies: A Summary of the Literature with Refinement of Livestock Estimates for Grand Lake St. Marys Watershed (Ohio) 用于养分径流溯源研究的有机废物中无机磷的同位素差异（δ18OPO4）：大圣玛丽斯湖流域（俄亥俄州）的文献综述及牲畜估计值的改进

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4030021

Melanie M. Marshall, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Aubrey L. Jaqueth

{"title":"Isotopic Differentiation (δ18OPO4) of Inorganic Phosphorus among Organic Wastes for Nutrient Runoff Tracing Studies: A Summary of the Literature with Refinement of Livestock Estimates for Grand Lake St. Marys Watershed (Ohio)","authors":"Melanie M. Marshall, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Aubrey L. Jaqueth","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4030021","url":null,"abstract":"The use of stable isotopes, specifically δ18OPO4 ratios, in differentiating potential sources of inorganic phosphorus (e.g., wastewater, septic, wild animals, domesticated animals, livestock, substrates, or commercial fertilizers) to watersheds is a growing field. This method produces data that, used in conjunction with statistical mixing models, enables a better understanding of contributing sources of runoff. However, given the recent development of this research area there are obvious limitations that have arisen, due in large part to the limited available reference data to compare water samples. Here, we attempt to expand the availability of reference samples by applying stable isotope methods to three types of common agricultural manures: poultry, dairy, and swine. We also aim to concatenate the organic waste literature on this topic, creating a more robust comparison database for future study and application in phosphorus source partitioning research. Among our samples, δ18OPO4 ratios for poultry were considerably elevated compared to dairy and swine manures (values of 18.5‰, 16.5‰, and 17.9‰, respectively). Extending this to other published ratios of δ18OPO4 from various types of waste products (e.g., septic, wastewater, livestock, other animals), a total range from 8.7‰ to 23.1‰ emerged (with existing poultry manure samples also ranking among the highest overall). Variation among samples in the larger dataset demonstrates the need for a further compilation of δ18OPO4 ratios for various types of waste, especially specific to geographic regions and watershed scales. With an increased sample size, the statistical strength associated with these methods would greatly improve.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arsenic Contamination Needs Serious Attention: An Opinion and Global Scenario 砷污染亟待重视：观点与全球形势

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4020013

Abhijnan Bhat, Kamna Ravi, Furong Tian, Baljit Singh

{"title":"Arsenic Contamination Needs Serious Attention: An Opinion and Global Scenario","authors":"Abhijnan Bhat, Kamna Ravi, Furong Tian, Baljit Singh","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4020013","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic (As) contamination is a serious global concern, polluting our natural resources, including water and soil, and posing a danger to the environment and public health. Arsenic is present in the groundwater of several countries and this contaminated water is used for irrigation, drinking, and food preparation, which poses the greatest threat to public health. Nearly 106 countries are affected by groundwater arsenic contamination and an estimated 230 million individuals worldwide are exposed to its adverse health effects, including increased cancer risks, associated cardiovascular disease and diabetes, skin lesions, neurological effects, kidney damage, and foetal or cognitive-development-related complications. Arsenic is highly toxic and ranked first in the priority list of ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2022) and among the 10 chemicals of major public health concern on the World Health Organization (WHO) list. The maximum permissible level of arsenic in drinking water has been established at 10 µg/L by WHO, as well as by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and European Union (EU). These regulatory standards underscore the gravity of the problem, and actions to prioritise the development of effective detection, mitigation strategies, and collaborative initiatives are necessary. This opinion article covers (i) arsenic footprints—global scenario and impact, (ii) awareness and education and (iii) mitigation approaches (detection and removal strategies) and future perspectives, which collectively will help in controlling and preventing As contamination of our global water resources. Regulatory and legislative bodies and development agencies are crucial for raising awareness and countering this alarming concern by implementing collaborative actions to protect our environment and public health and to provide safe drinking water for all.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Leaves Exposed to Submicron Black Carbon Using Portable Sensor 使用便携式传感器测量暴露于亚微米黑碳的叶片中的生物挥发性有机化合物

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4020012

Qingyang Liu, Yanju Liu

引用次数: 0

A Perspective on Plastics and Microplastics Contamination in Garden Soil in British Columbia, Canada 透视加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省花园土壤中的塑料和微塑料污染

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4010010

I. Falconi, Melanie Mackay, Geety Zafar, M. Holuszko

{"title":"A Perspective on Plastics and Microplastics Contamination in Garden Soil in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"I. Falconi, Melanie Mackay, Geety Zafar, M. Holuszko","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4010010","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic contamination is commonly reported in urban and rural soils, as well as in fresh and ocean waters. Canada’s government has attempted to limit the contamination of single-use plastic by banning the manufacturing and selling of specific types of plastic. In British Columbia, current regulations governing commercial composting state that when compost has less than 1% of its dry weight representing foreign materials (including plastic), it can be sold and used in soils. However, due to the low density of plastic and its potential to break down into microparticles, this amount may be enough to become toxic when used in agricultural soils. This paper studies contamination of plastic in garden soils and summarizes how this can affect the environment with a preliminary examination of a garden soil sample. The examination showed that the garden soil sample contained mainly low-density polyethylene, polyethylene and polypropylene plastics (identified through ATR-FTIR) in oxidized and unoxidized forms that can come from commercial composting and hypothesizes that this plastic could break down into microplastic particles. In order to limit the amount of plastic contamination in agricultural soils, it is necessary to modify current compost regulations in order to treat plastic differently than other foreign materials (glass, metal, wood).","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overview of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), Their Applications, Sources, and Potential Impacts on Human Health 全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)、其应用、来源和对人类健康的潜在影响概述

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4010009

Z. Habib, Minkyung Song, Sadaf Ikram, Zahra Zahra

{"title":"Overview of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), Their Applications, Sources, and Potential Impacts on Human Health","authors":"Z. Habib, Minkyung Song, Sadaf Ikram, Zahra Zahra","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4010009","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) belong to a group of synthetic compounds that have recently raised concerns about human health and environmental quality due to their great prevalence, degradation resistance, and potential toxicity. This review focuses on the applications of PFAS and their effects on human health. Specific emphasis has been laid on (i) the application/use of PFAS, (ii) sources and distribution of PFAS in diverse environmental compartments, and (iii) the impact of PFAS on human health. Significant health effects on humans are associated with exposure to PFAS, i.e., immunotoxicity, thyroid and kidney disorders, cancer, etc. Conclusions obtained from PFAS studies demonstrate that inadequate evidence should not be used to justify delaying risk reduction steps for PFAS alternatives. PFAS can be determined in different environmental matrices using both traditional analytical approaches, i.e., liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and semi-quantitative and passive sampling, and advanced analytical methods with colorimetric, spectrofluorimetric, and electrochemical detection. Traditional methods are costly and not broadly available, while the emerging, cost-effective methods are less sensitive and unable to meet regulatory exposure limits. There is still a significant number of studies to be performed to fully comprehend the real contamination by PFAS.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maximising CO2 Sequestration in the City: The Role of Green Walls in Sustainable Urban Development 在城市中最大限度地封存二氧化碳：绿墙在城市可持续发展中的作用

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4010007

Mansoure Jozay, Hossein Zarei, S. Khorasaninejad, T. Miri

{"title":"Maximising CO2 Sequestration in the City: The Role of Green Walls in Sustainable Urban Development","authors":"Mansoure Jozay, Hossein Zarei, S. Khorasaninejad, T. Miri","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4010007","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental issues are a pressing concern for modern societies, and the increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 have led to global warming. To mitigate climate change, reducing carbon emissions is crucial, and carbon sequestration plays a critical role in this effort. Technologies for utilising CO2 can be divided into two major categories: direct use and conversion into chemicals and energy, and indirect use as a carbon source for plants. While plants’ ability to absorb and store CO2 makes them the best CO2 sink, finding suitable urban areas for significant green spaces is a challenge. Green walls are a promising solution, as they require less land, provide more ecosystem services than horizontal systems do, and can contribute to reducing environmental problems. This study evaluates the conceptual potentials and limitations of urban biomass circulation in terms of energy production, food production, and CO2 consumption, focusing on growth-promoting bacteria, urban agriculture, and vertical systems. The aim of this research is discovering new methods of carbon sequestration using multi-purpose green walls to achieve sustainable urban development and CO2 reduction strategies to contribute to a more sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat Tolerance of Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda) Is Influenced by the Level of Stress Associated with Reproduction and the Water Quality of Their Habitat 福氏甲壳虫（甲壳纲，两足目）的耐热性受繁殖压力水平和栖息地水质的影响

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4010004

Katharina Peschke, Lilith Sawallich, Heinz-R. Köhler, R. Triebskorn

{"title":"Heat Tolerance of Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda) Is Influenced by the Level of Stress Associated with Reproduction and the Water Quality of Their Habitat","authors":"Katharina Peschke, Lilith Sawallich, Heinz-R. Köhler, R. Triebskorn","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4010004","url":null,"abstract":"To elucidate how rising temperatures influence native amphipods, and how the expansion of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with a fourth purification stage can alter temperature-related effects, studies were conducted in anthropogenically influenced rivers in Southwest Germany. Gammarids were sampled up- and downstream of two WWTPs, and exposed to elevated temperatures in the laboratory. Gammarids separated from precopula pairs were more sensitive to exposure-related stress and to a temperature increase than animals that were not in the reproductive phase. Furthermore, females were significantly more sensitive than males. Adult gammarids sampled individually at the WWTP with three purification stages showed a similar tolerance to elevated temperature at the up- and downstream site. In contrast, mortality following heat stress was substantially lower in animals sampled downstream of the WWTP with four treatment stages than in those sampled at the upstream site. We assume that the increased sensitivity of artificially separated precopula pairings reflect the situation under high hydraulic stress after heavy rainfall. Our results further illustrate the importance of WWTP upgrades in the context of climate change: gammarids sampled downstream the upgraded fourth-stage WWTP were likely exposed to lower levels of micropollutants, and thus may have allocated energy from detoxification to heat stress responses.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Soil Salinity Using Google Earth Engine for Detecting the Saline Areas Susceptible to Salt Storm Occurrence 利用谷歌地球引擎监测土壤盐度的时空分布，检测易受盐风暴影响的盐碱地区

Pollutants Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants4010001

Mohammad Kazemi Kazemi Garajeh

{"title":"Monitoring the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Soil Salinity Using Google Earth Engine for Detecting the Saline Areas Susceptible to Salt Storm Occurrence","authors":"Mohammad Kazemi Kazemi Garajeh","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants4010001","url":null,"abstract":"Recent droughts worldwide have significantly affected ecosystems in various regions. Among these affected areas, the Lake Urmia Basin (LUB) has experienced substantial effects from both drought and human activity in recent years. Lake Urmia, known as one of the hypersaline lakes globally, has been particularly influenced by these activities. The extraction of water since 1995 has resulted in an increase in the extent of salty land, leading to the frequent occurrence of salt storms. To address this issue, the current study utilized various machine learning algorithms within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to map the probability of saline storm occurrences. Landsat time-series images spanning from 2000 to 2022 were employed. Soil salinity indices, Ground Points (GPs), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products were utilized to prepare the training data, which served as input for constructing and running the models. The results demonstrated that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) performed effectively in identifying the probability of saline storm occurrence areas, achieving high R2 values of 91.12%, 90.45%, 91.78%, and 91.65% for the years 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2022, respectively. Additionally, the findings reveal an increase in areas exhibiting a very high probability of saline storm occurrences from 2000 to 2022. In summary, the results of this study indicate that the frequency of salt storms is expected to rise in the near future, owing to the increasing levels of soil salinity resources within the Lake Urmia Basin.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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