Pollutants最新文献_第10页

An Overview of the Glucocorticoids’ Pathways in the Environment and Their Removal Using Conventional Wastewater Treatment Systems 糖皮质激素在环境中的途径及其在常规废水处理系统中的去除综述

Pollutants Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/POLLUTANTS1030012

Munshi Md. Shafwat Yazdan, Md Tanvir Ahad, Zayed Mallick, S. Mallick, I. Jahan, Mozammel Mazumder

{"title":"An Overview of the Glucocorticoids’ Pathways in the Environment and Their Removal Using Conventional Wastewater Treatment Systems","authors":"Munshi Md. Shafwat Yazdan, Md Tanvir Ahad, Zayed Mallick, S. Mallick, I. Jahan, Mozammel Mazumder","doi":"10.3390/POLLUTANTS1030012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/POLLUTANTS1030012","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous micropollutants, especially endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), can pollute natural aquatic environments causing great concern for human and ecosystem health. While most of the conversation revolves around estrogen and androgen, glucocorticoids (GCs) are also prevalent in natural waters. Despite the fact that GCs play a crucial role in both inflammatory and immunologic development activities, they are also detected in natural waters and considered as one of the EDCs. Although many researchers have mentioned the adverse effect of GCs on aquatic organisms, a complete management technology to remove these pollutants from surface and coastal waters is yet to be established. In the current study, six glucocorticoids (prednisone, prednisolone, cortisone, cortisol, dexamethasone, and 6R-methylprednisolone) have been selected according to their higher detection frequency in environmental waters. The concentration of selected GCs ranged from 0.05 ng/L to 433 ng/L and their removal efficiency ranged from 10% to 99% depending on the water source and associated removal technologies. Although advanced technologies are available for achieving successful removal of GCs, associated operational and economic considerations make implementation of these processes unsustainable. Further studies are necessary to resolve the entry routes of GCs compounds into the surface water or drinking water permanently as well as employ sustainable detection and removal technologies.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87936948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Reviewing the Crop Residual Burning and Aerosol Variations during the COVID-19 Pandemic Hit Year 2020 over North India 回顾2020年印度北部2019冠状病毒病大流行期间作物残留燃烧和气溶胶变化

Pollutants Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants1030011

Manoj Hari, R. Sahu, B. Tyagi, Ravi Kaushik

引用次数: 7

Trace Metal Levels and Nutrient Characteristics of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil Amended with Biochar–Humus Sediment Slurry 生物炭-腐殖质底泥对原油污染土壤微量金属含量及养分特性的影响

Pollutants Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants1030010

Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong, E. Inam, H. Etuk, G. Ebong, Akwaowo I. Inyangudoh, Francis Addison

引用次数: 5

Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment—The Occurrence, Sources, Ecological Impacts, Fate, and Remediation Challenges 水生环境中的微塑料——发生、来源、生态影响、命运和修复挑战

Pollutants Pub Date : 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants1020009

N. Chaukura, K. Kefeni, I. Chikurunhe, I. Nyambiya, W. Gwenzi, Welldone Moyo, T. Nkambule, B. Mamba, F. Abulude

{"title":"Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment—The Occurrence, Sources, Ecological Impacts, Fate, and Remediation Challenges","authors":"N. Chaukura, K. Kefeni, I. Chikurunhe, I. Nyambiya, W. Gwenzi, Welldone Moyo, T. Nkambule, B. Mamba, F. Abulude","doi":"10.3390/pollutants1020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants1020009","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are discharged into the environment through human activities and are persistent in the environment. With the prevalent use of plastic-based personal protective equipment in the prevention of the spread of the COVID-19 virus, the concentration of microplastics in the environment is envisaged to increase. Potential ecological and health risks emanate from their potential to adsorb and transport toxic chemicals, and ease of absorption into the cells of living organisms and interfering with physiological processes. This review (1) discusses sources and pathways through which microplastics enter the environment, (2) evaluates the fate and behavior of microplastics, (3) discusses microplastics in African aquatic systems, and (4) identifies research gaps and recommends remediation strategies. Importantly, while there is significant microplastics pollution in the aquatic environment, pollution in terrestrial systems are not widely studied. Besides, there is a dearth of information on microplastics in African aquatic systems. The paper recommends that the governments and non-governmental organizations should fund research to address knowledge gaps, which include: (1) the environmental fate of microplastics, (2) conducting toxicological studies under environmentally relevant conditions, (3) investigating toxicity mechanisms to biota, and developing mitigation measures to safeguard human health, and (4) investigating pollutants transported by microplastics. Moreover, regulatory measures, along with the circular economy strategies, may help reduce microplastic pollution.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78435190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Investigating the 2017 Erratic Fishkill Episode in the Jhelum River, Kashmir Himalaya 调查2017年克什米尔喜马拉雅地区Jhelum河不稳定的鱼杀事件

Pollutants Pub Date : 2021-05-12 DOI: 10.3390/POLLUTANTS1020008

I. Rashid, M. I. Rather, S. Khanday

{"title":"Investigating the 2017 Erratic Fishkill Episode in the Jhelum River, Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"I. Rashid, M. I. Rather, S. Khanday","doi":"10.3390/POLLUTANTS1020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/POLLUTANTS1020008","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the frequency of fishkill episodes is increasing, owing to natural and human-induced modification of aquatic ecosystems. A massive fishkill took place on 22 October 2017 along an approximately 1.5 km stretch of the Jhelum River in Srinagar City, India. Thousands of fish died during this specific event, not lasting more than three hours, creating chaos and panic among the local population and government circles. In this context, affected fish were assessed for three morphological parameters, which include skin color, eye appearance, and skin texture. To back our findings, three critical water-quality parameters, including pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen essential for the survival of fishes were assessed in the affected river stretch. This study assumes importance given that water-quality observation stations for monitoring the health of the Jhelum River are lacking in the highly urbanized Srinagar City. The morphological examination of fish samples revealed discoloration, bulging eyes, and rough skin texture, indicating chemical contamination of waters in the affected river stretch. The water quality analysis revealed neutral pH (7.2), normal temperature (15.6 °C), and mildly depleted dissolved oxygen (6 mg L−1) levels. While the morphological examination of the affected fish indicated chemical contamination, the physicochemical parameters exhibited a typical scenario of river water. For avoiding any such further incident and to precisely ascertain the cause of such fishkill episodes in future, it is suggested that a few continuous water-quality monitoring sites along Jhelum River should be set up, supplemented with robust ecological modeling simulations.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76215192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Model-Based Analysis of the Link between Groundwater Table Rising and the Formation of Solute Plumes in a Shallow Stratified Aquifer 浅层状含水层地下水位上升与溶质羽流形成关系的模型分析

Pollutants Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/POLLUTANTS1020007

Simone Varisco, G. Beretta, L. Raffaelli, Paola Raimondi, D. Pedretti

{"title":"Model-Based Analysis of the Link between Groundwater Table Rising and the Formation of Solute Plumes in a Shallow Stratified Aquifer","authors":"Simone Varisco, G. Beretta, L. Raffaelli, Paola Raimondi, D. Pedretti","doi":"10.3390/POLLUTANTS1020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/POLLUTANTS1020007","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater table rising (GTR) represents a well-known issue that affects several urban and agricultural areas of the world. This work addresses the link between GTR and the formation of solute plumes from contaminant sources that are located in the vadose zone, and that water table rising may help mobilize with time. A case study is analyzed in the stratified pyroclastic-alluvial aquifer near Naples (Italy), which is notoriously affected by GTR. A dismissed chemical factory generated a solute plume, which was hydraulically confined by a pump-and-treat (P&T) system. Since 2011, aqueous concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) have been found to exceed regulatory maximum concentration levels in monitoring wells. It has been hypothesized that a 1,1-DCE source may occur as buried waste that has been flushed with time under GTR. To elucidate this hypothesis and reoptimize the P&T system, flow and transport numerical modeling analysis was developed using site-specific data. The results indicated that the formulated hypothesis is indeed plausible. The model shows that water table peaks were reached in 2011 and 2017, which agree with the 1,1-DCE concentration peaks observed in the site. The model was also able to capture the simultaneous decrease in the water table levels and concentrations between 2011 and 2014. Scenario-based analysis suggests that lowering the water table below the elevation of the hypothesized source is potentially a cost-effective strategy to reschedule the pumping rates of the P&T system.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80853435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Multivariable 3D Geovisualization of Historic and Contemporary Lead Sediment Contamination in Lake Erie 伊利湖历史和当代铅沉积物污染的多变量三维地理可视化

Pollutants Pub Date : 2021-02-21 DOI: 10.3390/POLLUTANTS1010004

K. Forsythe, D. Ford, C. Marvin, R. Shaker, Michael W. MacDonald, R. Wilkinson

{"title":"Multivariable 3D Geovisualization of Historic and Contemporary Lead Sediment Contamination in Lake Erie","authors":"K. Forsythe, D. Ford, C. Marvin, R. Shaker, Michael W. MacDonald, R. Wilkinson","doi":"10.3390/POLLUTANTS1010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/POLLUTANTS1010004","url":null,"abstract":"Lead sediment contamination in Lake Erie stems from a long history of natural and synthetic resource production. Sediment samples with variable sampling densities were collected by the Canada Centre for Inland Waters in 1971, 1997/1998, and 2014. The kriging interpolation method was used to create continuous sediment contamination surfaces for time/space comparisons. Change detection analyses identified an overall decreasing trend in high lead pollution levels from 1971 to 2014, while sediments with the lowest concentrations increased in surface area. Lake-wide circulation patterns and bathymetric data were added to interpolated contamination surfaces to enhance the understanding of interrelated hydrodynamic processes and geophysical features in the movement of contaminated sediments. Utilizing visualization tools in Esri’s ArcScene, bathymetric data were employed to enhance the geographic context of contamination maps. The physical barriers to sediment transportation created by bathymetric features can be visualized in three-dimensions. Elevated features between lake basins are easily recognized as impedances to lake currents when circulation directions are draped over the bathymetric model. By using illumination tools and techniques, geovisualizations of lead sediment contamination throughout Lake Erie create a scientific communication tool for a wide audience to use in multiple-criteria decision making for environmental remediation of sediment contamination.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89901020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Appropriateness of Using Aquatic Snails as Bioindicators of Toxicity for Oil Sands Process-Affected Water 水生蜗牛作为油砂工艺影响水体毒性生物指标的适宜性

Pollutants Pub Date : 2021-01-06 DOI: 10.3390/POLLUTANTS1010002

Zhongzhi Chen, B. Eaton, J. Davies

{"title":"The Appropriateness of Using Aquatic Snails as Bioindicators of Toxicity for Oil Sands Process-Affected Water","authors":"Zhongzhi Chen, B. Eaton, J. Davies","doi":"10.3390/POLLUTANTS1010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/POLLUTANTS1010002","url":null,"abstract":"Canada’s oil sands mining activity produces large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), and there have been increasing concerns regarding the potential environmental impacts associated with this material. Developing an understanding of the toxicity of OSPW is critical to anticipating and mitigating the potential risks and effects of the oil sands industry on surrounding ecosystems. The composition of OSPW is highly variable and is influenced by a range of factors. While numerous research projects have been conducted on the toxicity of OSPW, much remains unknown about its impact on various biota. Freshwater gastropods (snails and slugs) are an ecologically crucial aquatic group, and members of this taxa have been used as bioindicators in a range of ecological settings. The literature suggests freshwater snails could be used as an indicator of toxicity in monitoring programs associated with oil sands development. This mini-review explores the use of snails as bioindicators in aquatic systems affected by oil sands development, focusing on how snails may respond to potential constituents of concern in systems exposed to OSPW.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88638028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Influence of Moderate Cd and Pb Soil Pollution on Seed Development, Photosynthetic Performance and Foliar Accumulation in the Medicinal Plant Hypericum perforatum 中度镉、铅土壤污染对药用植物贯叶连翘种子发育、光合性能和叶片积累的影响

Pollutants Pub Date : 2020-12-24 DOI: 10.3390/pollutants1010001

M. Jafarova, A. Vannini, F. Monaci, S. Loppi

{"title":"Influence of Moderate Cd and Pb Soil Pollution on Seed Development, Photosynthetic Performance and Foliar Accumulation in the Medicinal Plant Hypericum perforatum","authors":"M. Jafarova, A. Vannini, F. Monaci, S. Loppi","doi":"10.3390/pollutants1010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants1010001","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether moderate soil contamination by Cd and Pb may negatively affect seed germination, photosynthesis and foliar accumulation in the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum. Seeds were incubated with Cd and Pb solutions of 10 and 100 µM, and two-month-old plants were watered weekly for three weeks with the same solutions. Control samples were treated with deionized water. The percentage of seed germination and seedling length, as well as chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and foliar reflectance, were measured, along with the foliar Cd and Pb concentrations. The results indicated that seed germination is not affected, while seedling length is decreased by approximately 81% by high Cd levels. Cadmium was subjected to foliar translocation from the soil depending on the supplied concentration, thus causing reductions in the chlorophyll content (−24%). It is of interest that foliar Cd levels in Cd-treated plants were close to or above the limit for the European Pharmacopoeia. Negative effects of Pb were not detected, but accumulation and blockage of this metal at the root level, although not approached experimentally, cannot be ruled out.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81746743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effectiveness of the national pollutant release inventory as a policy tool to curb atmospheric industrial emissions in Canada 加拿大全国污染物排放清单作为抑制大气工业排放的政策工具的有效性

Pollutants Pub Date : 2018-11-21 DOI: 10.7287/PEERJ.PREPRINTS.27372V1

T. Walker

{"title":"Effectiveness of the national pollutant release inventory as a policy tool to curb atmospheric industrial emissions in Canada","authors":"T. Walker","doi":"10.7287/PEERJ.PREPRINTS.27372V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7287/PEERJ.PREPRINTS.27372V1","url":null,"abstract":"To curb greenhouse gas emissions and reduce concentrations of toxic substances in Canada’s atmosphere, many pieces of environment legislation are targeted at reducing industrial emissions. Traditional regulation prescribes penalties through fines to discourage industries from polluting, but in the past two decades, alternative forms of environmental regulation like the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) have been introduced. NPRI is an information management tool which requires industries to self-report emissions data based on a set of guidelines determined by Environment and Climate Change Canada, a federal agency. The tool works to inform the public regarding industry emissions and provides a large database that can be analyzed by researchers and regulators to inform emissions trends in Canada. These tools have seen some success in other jurisdictions (e.g., United States and Australia). However, some research assessing the U.S Toxic Release Inventory suggests there are fundamental weaknesses in the self-reported nature of the data, and incidences of under-reporting. This preliminary study aimed to explore NPRI in Canada and test its effectiveness against the National Air Pollutant Surveillance Network (NAPS), an air quality monitoring program administered by the federal government. While instances of under-reporting were undetected, their study identified areas of weakness in the NPRI tool and instances of increasing emissions across various industrial sectors in Canada.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79704528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6