Plant Science Today最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of variability parameters and diversity of panicle architectural traits associated with yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Jasmin S Agalya, Prasanth P Hari, Selvaraj Ramchander, Kumar P` Dinesh, N Devesena, R Naveenkumar, Thankappan Sugitha, Kingsly N. B. John","doi":"10.14719/pst.2658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2658","url":null,"abstract":"The rice panicle, a pivotal reproductive structure, signifies the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in plants. Comprising components such as the rachis, primary and secondary branches, seed quantities and branch lengths, panicle architecture profoundly influences grain production. This study delves into the diversity of panicle architecture traits and scrutinizes variability parameters across 69 distinct rice genotypes. Our findings underscore substantial variations in panicle architecture traits among genotypes. Particularly noteworthy are traits with the highest coefficient of variation (CV%), encompassing the count of secondary branches, single plant yield, productive tillers per plant, seeds per secondary branch and panicle weight. Correlation analysis reveals robust positive connections between panicle weight, the number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and single plant yield. The number of secondary branches exhibits the most substantial phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV%) at 47.14%, accompanied by a genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV%) of 43.57%. Traits such as days to 50% flowering, plant height and number of filled grains per panicle manifest high heritability (97.04%, 91.24% and 76.22% respectively) and notable genetic advancement (23.11%, 39.62% and 47.49%). The principal component analysis identifies the primary component (PC1) as the principal contributor to variance. Biplot analysis accentuates positive correlations between attributes like the number of filled grains per panicle, panicle length, plant height, primary branch count, panicle weight, seeds per primary branch and the number of secondary branches with single plant yield. By employing Mahalanobis D2 statistics, the classification of genotypes into 6 distinct clusters reveals clusters III and IV as distinguished by their significant inter-cluster and intra-cluster distances. This comprehensive analysis unveils the potential for harnessing panicle architecture traits to enhance grain production and advances our comprehension of intricate relationships within diverse rice genotypes.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-based organic amendments on soil health, nutrient status and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum)","authors":"Jagmohan Singh, Prasann Kumar, Anaytullah Siddique","doi":"10.14719/pst.2706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2706","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of quality potatoes ensures a good earning compared to low quality, especially in terms of tuber weight and starch content. Therefore, an experiment was laid out to find out the impact of an organic amendment based on the combinations of biochar, vermicompost, poultry manure, and bone meal for the enrichment of soil health and quality of potato crops at the research farm of Lovely Professional University, Punjab. The parameters of pH, EC, organic carbon, soil microbial biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, labile carbon, and particulate organic carbon (POC) were used to understand the soil health improvement, while starch content and grading systems ranging from A to C were used for the quality of the potato. Among the treatments, most of the parameters were recorded as statistically significant at p>0.05. The highest improvement in terms of pH, EC, organic carbon, soil microbial biomass, nitrogen content, labile carbon, and particulate organic carbon (POC) was recorded in T3 (7.58, 0.39 dSm-1, 0.53 %, 333.3 µg g-1, 198.3 kg ha-1, 3.71 and 7.0 g kg-1 of soil) compared to T0 (7.38, 0.32 dSm-1, 0.44 %, 325.33 µg g-1, 171.5 kg ha-1, 2.33 and 3.0 g kg-1 g kg-1), while the phosphorus and potassium contents were estimated highest in T2 (17.4 and 255 kg ha-1). The quality parameters like starch content and grading quality of potato tubers were also influenced positively and estimated significantly highest in T3 (53.60 % and 153.7 q ha-1 of A grade potato). This study has shown the potential to improve the quality of potato tuber by providing a desirable soil environment to coordinate with potato plants.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of tomato to fertilizer nutrients integration and herbicides spray: Evaluating growth, yield, fruit quality and herbicides residue","authors":"Yerra Pavani, Ponnusamy Janaki, Ramasamy Jagadeeswaran, Arjunan Sankari, Alaguthevar Ramalakshmi, Palanisamy Murali Arthanari","doi":"10.14719/pst.2857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2857","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction between fertilizer nutrients and pesticides and their impact on tomato production and quality has been insufficiently studied in tropical agricultural conditions. This research investigated four fertilizer nutrient management (FNM) approaches: major nutrients (NPK), micronutrients, farmyard manure (FYM) and traditional farmer practices (FP), alongside three herbicides—glyphosate, pendimethalin and metribuzin applied using seven methods. Results highlighted the substantial influence of FNM strategies and herbicide applications on tomato growth and yield parameters such as plant height, cluster count, fruits per plant, fruit number and yield per plant. Notably, the NPK+FYM strategy consistently yielded superior results across herbicides and application methods. Individually applied herbicides, particularly glyphosate, exhibited detrimental effects on growth and yield parameters, and the negative impact was conspicuously higher with glyphosate > metribuzin > pendimethalin than with their sequential or combined application. While herbicides decreased tomato yield across FNM practices, the reduction ranged from 1.90–10.95%, 1.79–6.75%, 1.62–6.49% and 1.40–9.10% in NPK, NPK+MN, NPK+FYM and FP treatments, respectively. Fruit quality remained unaffected by FNM practices and herbicides, except for elevated ascorbic acid content and shelf life under NPK+FYM. Herbicide residues in tomato fruits were within permissible limits (below 0.1 mg/kg for glyphosate and 0.05 mg/kg for pendimethalin and metribuzin) across treatments. This study showed that the NPK+FYM practice is the best strategy for increasing the tomato yield and quality parameters besides reducing the herbicide’s toxicity effect on tomato growth at an early stage.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasms for yield attributing traits","authors":"Satya Prakash, S Sumanth Reddy, Sandeep Chaudhary, SC Vimal, Adesh Kumar","doi":"10.14719/pst.2231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2231","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among sixty rice genotypes by assessing eleven morphological yield traits using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis at ANDUAT, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh), India. The results found significant variation among the genotypes, with some exhibiting higher values for certain traits which confirm genetic diversity. Cluster analysis revealed that Cluster V had the highest number of genotypes, while Cluster IV had the highest intra-cluster distance, suggesting that these genotypes would be useful for rice improvement. Principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components, along with three other components, accounted for 75.11 percent of the total variability. Days to 50% flowering (DFF) in days was identified as the most accurate predictor of variability, followed by days to maturity (DM) in days, 1000 seed weight (TSW) in gm, and panicle length (PL) in cm. The principal component to be first (PC1) was linked with plant height (PH) and harvest index (HI) in gm, the second principal component (PC2) was linked with DFF and DM, the third (PC3) was linked with TSW and grains/panicle (GP) in number, the fourth (PC4) with panicles bearing per plant (PBP) in number and biological yield per plant (BY) in gramme, and the fifth principal component (PC5) is linked with PL and BY. The study identified several promising genotypes for various traits, including G.35, G.17, G.30, G.45, and G.46 for short plant height and G.60, G.40, G.54, G.55, and G.41 for high yield.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new distributional report of Cremanthodium nepalense (Asteraceae) in India: a vulnerable and endemic species of the Himalayas","authors":"Rahul Kumar, Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.14719/pst.2427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2427","url":null,"abstract":"Cremanthodium nepalense Kitam. (Asteraceae) is reported for the first time from India. It is endemic to the Himalayas and has only been reported from Nepal and China. It was found growing in alpine meadows near river bank in North Sikkim at an elevation of ca 4370 m. In the present report, the diagnostic features, morphological variations and coloured photo-plate are provided. Besides conservation, status ‘Vulnerable’ has also been evaluated using IUCN Red listing guidelines.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral biology and phenological studies of Datura metel L. in Tripura, Northeast India, with special reference to floral morphotypes","authors":"Aparajita Das, Somnath Kar, Panchatapa Bhattacharya, Sani Das, Dixit Bora, Badal Kumar Datta","doi":"10.14719/pst.2517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2517","url":null,"abstract":"Datura metel L. is an important medicinal plants of Tripura. There are four floral morpho-types found throughout India. The floral biology of four morpho-types of D. metel L. collected from different places of Tripura state have been investigated based on their morphological and palynological study. Initiation of the floral bud, anthesis, pollen viability, pollen germination, and pollen production are the topics covered in the present study. The present study includes photographic representations and UPGMA dendrogram for quick identification, as well as a detailed explanation of four morpho-types of the species.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"261-263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effects of biochar application on mitigating the drought and salinity stress implications on plants","authors":"None Anil Patani, None Dharmendra Prajapati, None Sachidanand Singh, None Yuriy Enakiev, None Snezhan Bozhkov, Dilfuza Jabborova, None Chinmayi Joshi","doi":"10.14719/pst.2591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2591","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar, an amorphous and highly porous carbonaceous substance derived from the thermal decomposition of organic matter, has been empirically proven to enhance soil water retention capacity, mitigate soil salinity, and augment nutrient bioavailability. Consequently, these improvements exert a stimulating influence on the growth and development of medicinal plants. Numerous scientific investigations have corroborated that the incorporation of biochar into the cultivation of medicinal flora can lead to increased plant biomass, heightened photosynthetic efficiency, and augmented accumulation of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the utilization of biochar exhibits the potential to curtail the necessity for chemical fertilizers, which can otherwise have deleterious effects on soil health and the environment. A comprehensive comprehension of biochar's prospective role as a sustainable, long-term strategy for augmenting the productivity and resilience of medicinal plant cultivation in arid and saline environments holds paramount importance for ensuring a consistent supply of medicinal plants in the forthcoming years. This review aims to delve into the mechanistic foundations underpinning the beneficial impacts of biochar on plant development and the accumulation of bioactive constituents. It also explores the feasibility of biochar as a sustainable instrument for enhancing the cultivation of medicinal plants under adverse environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dehydrocostus lactone from the root of Ajuga integrifolia (Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don): Quantitative determination and in- silico study for anti-breast cancer activity","authors":"Fekade Beshah Tessema, Yilma Hunde Gonfa, Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw, Mesfin Getachew Tadesse, Archana Joshi Bachheti, Abdel Nasser Singab, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti","doi":"10.14719/pst.2344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2344","url":null,"abstract":"Many biological activities were reported for the Ajuga species, specifically for Ajuga integrifolia and its synonyms. These include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, blood purifier effects, and anticancer activity. This study quantitatively determines dehydrocostus lactone (DHCL) from the root of Ajuga integrifolia and its in silico study for anti-breast cancer activity. Camag HPTLC was used for TLC – densitometric estimation of dehydrocostus lactone. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER?) protein (PDB ID: 3ERT) was selected for its involvement in cell proliferation within the breast cancer cell. Tamoxifen is a reference drug commonly used in hormonal therapy, and DHCL was used as a ligand. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina in PyRx v.0.8 to get the bestconformational pose for forming the expected receptor-ligand complex. The docking result visualization was performed using LigPlot v.1.4.5 software for 2D, and the interactive visualization in 3D was done using Biovia Discovery Studio software. The presence of DHCL in the root of A. integrifolia was not reported so far. DHCL content in the root of A. integrifolia was estimated to be 16.5 ± 0.25 mg/g of crude extract using the TLC- densitometric method. From the molecular docking study, DHCL was found to be a promising inhibitor for estrogen receptor interaction in the breast cell and can be selected for further in vivo research to develop an anti-breast cancer drug.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the summer pearl millet-groundnut intercropping system on the growth, productivity and competitive ability of crops under south Odisha conditions","authors":"Masina Sairam, Shanthi Priya G, Sagar Maitra, Tanmoy Shankar","doi":"10.14719/pst.2627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2627","url":null,"abstract":"A millet-based intercropping system is common in dryland and rainfed conditions. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) exhibits wide adaptability to different agroclimatic conditions and seasons, making it suitable for an intercropping system. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a leguminous oil-seed crop that can be cultivated as an intercrop in various cereals and millets to enhance productivity and resource efficiency. Based on these facts, the present study was conducted at the Research Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management during the summer season of 2022 to assess the effect of the summer pearl millet + groundnut intercropping system on the growth, productivity, and competitive ability of crops under the conditions of south Odisha. The experiment consisted of nine treatments. In case of pearl millet, the highest plant height at harvest was achieved in pearl millet (30 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:1) (186 cm), while the maximum plant height of groundnut at harvest was observed in pearl millet (45 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:2) (70cm). Dry matter production at harvest and leaf area index (LAI) at 60 days after sowing (DAS) of pearl millet were highest in pearl millet sole (857 g m-2 and 2.19, respectively). The maximum dry matter production at harvest was found in groundnut sole. The highest yield of individual crops was observed in their pure stands, with 2677 kg ha-1 and 2633 kg ha-1 of pearl millet grain and groundnut pod, respectively. Among mixed stands, pearl millet (30 cm × 10 cm) + groundnut (1:1) and pearl millet (45 cm × 10cm) + groundnut (1:1) showed superior values of different competition functions, such as aggressivity, relative crowding coefficient, monetary advantage, land equivalent ratio, and area time equivalent ratio. The results concluded that pearl millet and groundnut could be intercropped with a 1:1 row proportion with pearl millet spacing of either 30 cm × 10 cm or 45 cm × 10 cm in south Odisha conditions.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and functional properties of nutrient-dense beverages developed from underutilised crops","authors":"Abiodun Famakinwa, Ayakha Ngcoko, Emma Nicholas, Olakunbi Olubi, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju, Jessy Van Wyk, Anthony Obilana","doi":"10.14719/pst.2606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2606","url":null,"abstract":"Beverages are typically seen as wholesome snacks that can be included in a daily diet. Despite being part of the regular diet, the majority of these beverages are low in nutrients and high in calories. Worldwide, a variety of industrial processes, raw ingredients and microorganisms are used to manufacture fermented food. Many indigenous or traditional fermented foods and beverages are still prepared today as a form of domestic art. They are created in small businesses, communities and homes. Among the fermented foods that are important to people's diets worldwide are beverages that might have a non-dairy origin. In this study, Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder (MoLP) was used to fortify two beverages, including Amasi (Bambara groundnut) and Mageu (sorghum), at 0% (control), 1% and 5%. After fortifying the fermented and unfermented variations, the beverages' biochemical, chemical and functional properties were analysed. The effects of MoLP (1% and 5%) on the stress, viscosity and torque characteristics of Amasi were significant (p ?0.05). For all of the samples, Amasi and Mageu's values for protein, ash and moisture increased significantly (p ?0.05) due to the inclusion of MoLP. These findings indicate that MoLP-fortified beverages can act as a source of nutrients to address micronutrient deficiencies in children and adults.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}