Plant Science Today最新文献

{"title":"Sowing dates and establishment methods determine weed dynamics, yield and economics of rainfed lowland rice","authors":"Susmita Poddar, B Behera, K M Bijay, B Anupama, K N Rabindra, B Rajkumari, M. R. Anita, K Ipsita, T Suchismita, Monika Ray","doi":"10.14719/pst.11428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.11428","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of rice cultivation is significantly influenced by agronomic practices, particularly the sowing time and the method of crop establishment. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different sowing times and establishment methods on the weed dynamics, yield and economics of rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) during Kharif 2017 and 2018. Sowing rice one week before the onset of monsoon proved to be the most effective in reducing the weed density and biomass as compared to sowing at the onset of monsoon, one week after the onset and two weeks after the onset of monsoon. However, sowing rice one week after the onset of monsoon recorded the maximum grain yield (5.29 t ha-1), net return (₹42100 ha-1) and return per rupee invested (1.93) and proved significantly superior to all other dates. Among establishment methods, the puddled transplanted rice (PTR) recorded the maximum grain yield (5.12 t ha-1), net return (₹37800 ha-1) and return per rupee invested (1.81), being at par with the non-puddled transplanted rice (NPTR) and significantly superior to direct seeded rice (DSR). The interaction effect revealed that the PTR fetched significantly higher grain yield (5.60 t ha-1) when sown one week after the onset of monsoon and it was found statistically on par with the NPTR sown one week after the onset of monsoon with a grain yield of 5.39 t ha-1.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"12 sp4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/11428/11723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rich yet undocumented ethnopharmacological practices of socio-culturally diverse indigenous ethnic tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India","authors":"Raghuveer Singh, A Suryawanshi","doi":"10.14719/pst.8518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8518","url":null,"abstract":"The use of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) for food and medicine is deeply rooted in the traditional knowledge systems of Arunachal Pradesh, yet remains undocumented, particularly in the Siang region. This study aims to bridge this gap by identifying frequently used WEM, documenting their usage and compiling associated indigenous knowledge. From April 2022 to January, 2025, 300 informants aged 25 to 83 years were interviewed. Data were analyzed using the cultural importance index (CI) and factor informant consensus (Fic) to assess the significance of WEM and the consistency of knowledge sharing. Results revealed profound ethnopharmacological wisdom among the Monpa and Galo tribes, with a folk taxonomy based on morphological traits, aroma and habitat. Seven mushroom species were catalogued, with Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Schizophyllum commune and Termitomyces microcarpus being the most commonly utilized O. sinensis had the highest CI (1.0), indicating its cultural importance. Over 99 % of the documented WEM were new records for culinary and medicinal uses in the region. Higher knowledge about WEM was found among females, elders and those with no formal education. This study highlights the importance of conserving and scientifically validating indigenous fungal knowledge. Future efforts should focus on cultivating WEM and educating locals to sustain traditional practices and biodiversity, in line with the Biological Diversity Act of India.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/8518/10902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of n-butanol fraction of Amaranthus viridis","authors":"Noor S Jaafar, Enas Jawad Kadhim","doi":"10.14719/pst.7506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7506","url":null,"abstract":"Amaranthus viridis (F. Amaranthaceae), usually known as slender amaranth. It is a multifunctional vegetable that grows in tropical and subtropical areas, sustaining stressful conditions, especially drought, producing a wide array of secondary metabolites: phenolics, terpenes, carotenoids and others, which are responsible for various therapeutic effects. Aerial parts were defatted with hexane, then the defatted residue was extracted in the Soxhlet using 80 % aqueous ethanol. Ethanolic extract was sequentially and repeatedly partitioned with solvents of different polarities: chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Then, the n-butanol fraction was hydrolyzed using reflex with 10 % aqueous HCl for 6 hrs. The unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed n-butanol fractions were subjected to TLC and HPLC. The HPLC analysis was performed using three different eluents; eluent one composed of solvents A ( distilled water with 0.1 % glacial acetic acid) and solvent B ( acetonitrile with 0.1 % glacial acetic acid), eluent two, composed of solvent A (methanol: water: formic acid (10 : 88: 2 v/v)) and solvent B ( methanol: water: formic acid (90: 8: 2 v/v)) and eluent three, consisting of methanol and 0.40 % phosphoric acid (49:51, V/V). According to TLC and HPLC results, the intact n-butanol fraction was evaluated for its antioxidant and cytotoxic effects using DPPH and MTT assays. The study revealed the presence of rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, apigenin and naringenin only before hydrolysis. While gallic, ferulic, syringic, kaempferol, p. p-coumaric, vanillic, salicylic, protocatechuic acid, myricetin, isorhamnetin, luteolin, vanillin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin were detected in both unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed n-butanol fractions. In the DPPH assay, the intact n-butanol fraction showed slightly higher antioxidant activity than the ascorbic acid standard and a mild cytotoxic effect on the HRT-18 cell line with an IC50 equal to 302 µg/mL. In conclusion, prolonged hydrolysis time adversely affects the phenolic compound levels and a mild cytotoxic effect calls for further tests to confirm the anticancer potential.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://horizonepublishing.com/index.php/PST/article/download/7506/9845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of zinc application methods and integrated nutrient management on variation in growth, yield and yield contributing factors in wheat","authors":"Sreethu S, Gurleen Kaur, Vandna Chhabra","doi":"10.14719/pst.2957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2957","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc is an important micro nutrient and plays an important role in improving the crop growth and productivity. Intensive agricultural practices due to rise in population have accelerated the use of chemical fertilizers which resulted in depletion of soil fertility. In this regard, a 2 year field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Lovely Professional University during rabi season in 2021-2022 and 2022-23 to examine the effect of different zinc application methods and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and yield contributing factors on wheat. Three types of zinc application methods along with various levels of integrated nutrient management approaches were used for the study. The results revealed that a significant interaction between zinc application methods and integrated nutrient management practices was observed with dry matter accumulation (g/m2), Leaf area index, spikes/m2, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike and grain yield of wheat crop. Maximum improvement in grain yield (5.5 t/ha) was obtained when soil+foliar application of zinc was combined with 75% recommended dose of fertilizer + 2.5 t/ha farm yard manure + Zinc solubilizing bacteria. Additionally, these studies need to be repeated at many locations with various agro-climatic circumstances.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"114 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the suitability of three weed species as alternative cover crops in smallholder oil palm plantations through plant spacing management","authors":"Y. Asbur, Y. Purwaningrum, H. Satriawan, Murni Sari Rahayu, Nurhayati, M. Ariyanti","doi":"10.14719/pst.2754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2754","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder oil palm plantations in Indonesia have reached 8.9 million ha, but their role is still not optimal due to low productivity caused by the lack of knowledge of smallholders regarding sustainable oil palm technical culture, such as the use of cover crops. However, it requires appropriate spacing for different species. This study aims to obtain the optimum spacing of 3 weed species planted as cover crops in smallholder oil palm plantations. The research was carried out in 2022 at the smallholder oil palm plantation Naga Rejo village, Galang, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. The experimental treatments included weed species (Asystasia gangetica, Paspalum conjugatum and Nephrolepis biserrata) as the main plot and spacing (10, 20 and 30 cm) as subplots arranged in a separate plot design with 3 replications. The results showed that the % of 100% land coverage was obtained in plantings of N. biserrata and A. gangetica in 4 WAPs and 10 cm spacing in 3 WAPs independently. The highest leaf area of N. biserrata, P. conjugatum and A. gangetica was obtained at a spacing of 30 cm. The highest dry weight, growth rate and nutrient uptake N and K N. biserrata and P. conjugatum were obtained at a spacing of 10 cm, while A. gangetica at a spacing of 30 cm. This shows that the optimum spacing depends on the weed species. The optimum spacing for A. gangetica (broad leaf) is 30 cm, while for P. conjugatum (grasses) and N. biserrata (ferns) is 10 cm.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 1209","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hydrophilic and lipophilic emulsifier concentrations on the characteristics of Germander essential oil nanoemulsions prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique","authors":"Marjan Asemani, Paniz Zinsaz, N. Anarjan, Elham Taghavi, M. Lani","doi":"10.14719/pst.2421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2421","url":null,"abstract":"The Germanders (Teucrium polium L.) essential oil exhibits antioxidant and bactericidal activities against a wide range of microorganisms; however, its water insolubility, susceptibility to environmental stresses, and intense flavors limit its uses in food formulations. As a solution, in the present study, nanoemulsions of Germanders (Mentha pulegium) essential oil were prepared using a bottom-up nanoprecipitation technique. A central composite design based on the response surface methodology was implemented to investigate the effects of selected lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifier concentrations. The proposed second-order polynomial models, with relatively high coefficients of determination, could efficiently predict alterations in response parameters due to emulsifier concentrations. The results revealed that both lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers had significantly affected all characteristics of the synthesized essential oil nanoemulsions. Multi-goal optimization analysis suggested that 7.8% and 4.8% concentrations of Span 80 and Tween 80, respectively, could yield the most desirable Germanders essential oil nanoemulsions, with a mean particle size of 78.56 nm, PDI of 0.1722, DPPH radical scavenging of 83.69%, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica growth inhibition zones of 10.5 mm and 12.7 mm, respectively. The validity of the models was confirmed by the absence of substantial variations between experimental data and modeling results. While the prepared Germander essential oil nanoemulsions demonstrated acceptable physical properties, they exhibited relatively limited chemical stability during storage at 5°C for 30 days.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"59 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Fresh Fruits of Pistacia atlantica and Pistacia khinjuk","authors":"Hamid Dalvand, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Hamdi, Fatemeh Nori kotanaee, Hassan Ahmadvand","doi":"10.14719/pst.2853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2853","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are known for containing potent antioxidants, primarily due to the presence of phytochemical components with diverse biological properties. In this study, we assessed the chemical constituents and antioxidant potential of Pistacia atlantica and P. khinjuk. The essential oils from P. atlantica and P. khinjuk oleoresin were obtained through hydrodistillation, and their chemical constituents were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, we evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant activity, and free radical quenching potentials of hydroalcoholic extracts from P. atlantica and P. khinjuk. These assessments were performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride method, phosphomolybdate test, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition assay (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value)), respectively. The results revealed that the major phytochemical components in P. atlantica essential oil were ?-pinene, camphene, ?-pinene, D-limonene, cyclohexene, and careen. Additionally, P. khinjuk essential oil contained ?-pinene, ?-Pinene, trans-verbnol, bicyclo(3.1.1.)heptan, verbenene, camphene, D-limonene, and ?-campholenal. Furthermore, the total phenols and flavonoids content of P. atlantica were higher than those of P. khinjuk. However, the total antioxidant capacity was significantly greater in P. khinjuk than in P. atlantica. The IC50 value (DPPH assay) was also significantly higher in P. khinjuk compared to P. atlantica. Although the essential oils of both plants exhibited antioxidant effects, P. atlantica essential oils demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to P. khinjuk. In conclusion, the presence of abundant phytochemical components, such as monoterpenes, was observed in both the plants. These findings suggest that P. atlantica and P. khinjuk generally possess considerable antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"109 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a soil type prediction method based on the deep learning model and vegetation characteristics","authors":"Sutiarso L Suwardi, Suwardi, L. Sutiarso, Herry Wirianata, A. P. Nugroho, Sukarman, S. Primananda, Moch. Dasrial, Badi Hariadi","doi":"10.14719/pst.2926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2926","url":null,"abstract":"The structure and composition of forest vegetation plays an important role in different ecosystem functions and services. This study aimed to identifying soil types based on vegetation characteristics using a deep learning model in the High Conservation Value (HCV) area of Central Kalimantan, spanning 632.04 hectares. The data on vegetation were collected using a combination method between line transect and quadratic plots were placed. The development of a deep learning model was based on the results of a vegetation survey and the processing of aerial photos using the Feature Classifier method. The results of applying a deep learning model could provide a relatively accurate and consistent prediction in identifying soil types (Entisols 62%, Spodosols 90%, Ultisols 90% accuracy). The composition of vegetation community in Ultisols was dominated of seedling and tree (closed canopy), meanwhile in Entisols and Spodosols was dominated of seedling and sapling (dominantly open canopy). Ultisols exhibited the highest species richness (57 species), followed by Spodosols (31 species) and Entisols (14 species). Ultisols, Entisols, and Spodosols displayed even species distribution(J' close to 1) without dominance of certain species(D < 0.5). The species diversity index was at a low to moderate level(H' < 3), while the species richness index remained at a very low level(D_mg > 3.5).","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes on the status of Limnophila micrantha (Benth.) Benth. and L. glandulifera Philcox (Plantaginaceae)","authors":"Sinisha EDATHUMTHAZHE KUNI, Jaseela VALIYA THODIYIL, Pradeep NEDIYAPARAMBU SUKUMARAN","doi":"10.14719/pst.2831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2831","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomic status of 3 species of the genus Limnophila viz., L. micrantha (Benth.) Benth., L. glandulifera Philcox and L. repens (Benth.) Benth. were examined. L. micrantha and L. glandulifera is found to be conspecific with L. repens. Hence, these 2 names are reduced here into the synonymy of the earlier name, L. repens (Benth.) Benth.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"53 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of herbal plants and beta sitosterol as a bioactive constituent in circumventing Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Apoorva Mishra, Saumya Das, Soni Kumari","doi":"10.14719/pst.2420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2420","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurological ailment, mostly affects the older population all around the world. The rational therapies show limited efficacy, adverse effects, and poor patient compliance; therefore, herbal drugs are considered a suitable supplement to the drug therapy for the treatment of AD. According to research, herbal drugs reduce symptoms of AD and also improve brain functioning through the inhibition of beta amyloid, gamma-secretase, and acetylcholine, along with the regulation of antioxidants and the activation of alpha-secretase. Various herbal plants like Salvia officinalis L., Bertholletia excelsa L., Withania somnifera L., and Urtica dioica L. help slow down the progression of AD by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, beta amyloid and tau phosphorylation. Beta sitosterol, a phytosterol found abundantly in plants, has the ability to cross the Blood Brain Barrier and thus acts as a bioactive constituent in circumventing various neurological disorders. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations indicate that beta sitosterol shows immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, as well as antioxidant properties. The plant sterol, beta sitosterol, has the capacity to decrease beta-amyloid platelet synthesis, indicating that it might be helpful in the treatment and prevention of AD. Treatment with beta-sitosterol can lessen plaque burden and also enhance spatial learning and recognition abilities in patients suffering from AD.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}