Plant Science Today最新文献

{"title":"Fungal endophytic species Fusariumannulatum and Fusariumsolani: identification, molecular characterization, and study of plant growth promotion properties","authors":"Soma Biswas, Suma Sarojini","doi":"10.14719/pst.2688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2688","url":null,"abstract":"Research on endophytic fungi has gained significant interest due to their potential to enhance plant growth directly by producingphytohormones, solubilizing macronutrients, fixing nitrogen, or indirectly inhibiting phytopathogens growth by producing ammonia, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, or extracellular enzymes, thereby acting as biocontrol agents. The present study aimed to isolate fungal endophytes from Alternantheraphiloxeroidesand evaluate their plant growth promotion and antimicrobial activity. In total, nine fungal endophytic strains were isolated from different parts of A. philoxeroides such as leaves, roots, and stems. The results demonstrate that the strains MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 exhibited positive plant growth promotion properties,including phosphate solubilization, and IAA (Indoleacetic acid) production, and ammonia production. The IAA production was highest for MEFAphS1, with a concentration of 46.635±1.04 µg/mL, while MEFAphR3 displayed the highest ammonia production (0.903±0.01 µg/mL). The phosphate solubilization index (PSI) is the maximum for MEFAphS1 (1.5±0.10). MEFAphS1 also exhibited antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and V.parahaemolyticus,with the most substantial inhibition zone observed against V.vulnificus(28±1 mm). In contrast, MEFAphR3 showed an inhibition zone of 8±1.53 mm against V. parahaemolyticus. Molecular identification revealed the identity of the isolates MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 as Fusariumsolaniand F.annulatum. These results thus confirm the possible applications of the fungal endophytes as plant biofertilizers and bio-enhancers to increase crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural pesticides for pest control in agricultural crops: an alternative and eco-friendly method","authors":"Chowdhury Swapan, Banerjee Mainak, Basnett Deewa, Mazumdar Tanmoy","doi":"10.14719/pst.2547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2547","url":null,"abstract":"Biological pesticides are pesticides derived from natural materials such as bacteria, plants, and minerals that are applied to crops to kill pests. Biopesticides are targeted, inexpensive, eco-friendly, sustainable, leave no trace, and are not associated with the production of greenhouse gases. It contributes significantly to the agricultural bio-economy's sustainability. The advantages to the ecosystem provided by many significant biological resources justify the incorporation of biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Through advancements in research and development, the use of biopesticides has significantly reduced environmental contamination. The development of biopesticides promotes agricultural modernization and will surely result in a gradual phase-out of chemical pesticides. Although synthetic pesticides have positive effects on crop yield and productivity, they also have some negative impacts on soil biodiversity, animals, aquatic life, and humans. In general, synthetic pesticides make the soil brittle, decrease soil respiration, and reduce the activity of some soil microorganisms, such as earthworms. Pesticide buildup in bodies of water can spread from aquatic life to animals including people, as their biomagnification can cause fatal diseases like cancer, kidney disease, rashes on the skin, diabetes, etc. Biopesticides, on the other hand, have surfaced and have proven to be quite beneficial in the management of pests and are safe for the environment and hence have emerged as very useful in the control of pests with a lot of merits.  The present review provides a broad perspective on the different kinds of pesticides. We analyzed suitable and environmentally friendly ways to improve the acceptance and industrial application of microbial herbicides, phytopesticides, and nano biopesticides for plant nutrition, crop protection/yield, animal/human health promotion, as well as their potential integration into the integrated pest management system.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"49 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-analysis of Non-destructive Fruit Maturity Detection Techniques","authors":"N. Rani, S. Garg, Kiran Bamel, Vaibhav Bhatt, Sourabh Sharma, Shashvat Kumar Mishra, Nitesh Saini, Saloni Parmar","doi":"10.14719/pst.2844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2844","url":null,"abstract":"The global fruit industry is growing rapidly due to increased awareness of the health benefits associated with fruit consumption. Fruit maturity detection plays a crucial role in fruit logistics and maintenance, enabling farmers and fruit industries to grade fruits and develop sustainable policies for enhanced profitability and service quality. Non-destructive fruit maturity detection methods have gained significant attention, especially with advancements in machine vision and spectroscopic techniques. This systematic review provides a concise overview of the techniques and algorithms used in fruit quality grading by farmers and industries. The study reviewed 63 full-text articles published between 2012 and 2023 along with their bibliometric analysis. Qualitative analysis revealed that researchers from various disciplines contributed to this field, with techniques falling into 3 categories: machine vision (mathematical modelling or deep learning), spectroscopy and other miscellaneous approaches. There was a high level of diversity among these categories, as indicated by an I-square value of 88.37% in the heterogeneity analysis. Meta-analysis, using odds ratios as the effect measure, established the relationship between techniques and their accuracy. Machine vision showed a positive correlation with accuracy across different categories. Additionally, Egger's and Begg's tests were used to assess publication bias and no strong evidence of its occurrence was found. This study offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of various fruit maturity detection techniques. For employing statistical and meta-analytical methods, key factors such as accuracy and sample size have been considered. These findings will aid in the development of effective strategies for fruit quality assessment.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of Lamiaceae essential oils against respiratory tract diseases – a mini-review","authors":"Lenka Jyotirmayee, Snehalata Khuntia, Nikita Panda, Kar Basudeba, Sahoo Suprava","doi":"10.14719/pst.2554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2554","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common infections in the global population, particularly among children. Due to the rise of antibiotic resistance, multidrug-resistant bacteria, and the numerous adverse effects of synthetic drugs, there is a constant demand for new and safe alternative treatments. Natural plant-based alternatives have become more popular, while chemical drugs have been questioned for their safety and side effects. One of the most promising solutions to the global issue of respiratory tract infections is the exploration of the antiviral and antibacterial properties of essential oils (EOs). Because of their volatility, EOs can be inhaled, allowing them to reach both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Additionally, their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties along with their phytochemical composition make them more effective for treating respiratory tract infections. Humans are less likely to be affected by EOs because of their low toxicity and less risk of resistance to pathogenic organisms. Lamiaceae (also called Labiatae) is one of the most important herbal families, and it incorporates a wide range of plants like thyme, holy basil, rosemary, basil, etc. with potential therapeutic properties. The pharmacological properties of Lamiaceae are mainly due to its EOs, which have various activities like anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, insecticidal, neuroprotective, anti-asthmatic, and others. Overall, the main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the general characteristics of certain EOs from the Lamiaceae family about their ability to alleviate the signs and symptoms of respiratory diseases, including respiratory tract infections.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":" 1173","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Alstonia scholaris from Mizoram, India","authors":"Lalngaihmanawmi, P. Lalthanpuii, Lalbiakngheti Tlau, Lucy Lalawmpuii, Lalnundanga, K. Lalchhandama","doi":"10.14719/pst.2826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2826","url":null,"abstract":"The Devil’s tree (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.), a member of the Apocynaceae family, is recognised in various traditional systems for its efficacy in treating several diseases. In the Mizo traditional medicines of India, the bark extract is utilised as a remedy for bacterial and parasitic infections, among other ailments. To validate the therapeutic claim of the Mizo people, a methanolic extract of the bark was prepared and its chemical composition was analysed. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phytosterols, saponins, tannins, and reducing sugars. The antioxidant components of the extract were quantified, revealing a phenolic content of 13.563±0.09 mg/g quercetin equivalent, a flavonoid content of 31.64±2.50 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, and a total antioxidant of 10.48±0.84 mg/g ascorbic equivalent. These findings underscore the plant’s cellular protective capacity. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picryldrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The plant extract exhibited significant antioxidant properties, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 11.01 against free radicals generated from the DPPH reaction. Notably, the extract demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, as well as Gram-positive species such as Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. This study establishes A. scholaris as a medicinal plant with promising antimicrobial and pharmacological properties, containing chemical components that can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"49 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modern purification by accelerated solvent extraction and centrifugal partition chromatography and biological evaluation of capsaicin from Capsicum chinense","authors":"Hoang Thanh Duong, Do Thi Thuy Linh, Le Xuan Duy, Tran Thanh Ha, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Phung Van Trung, Nguyen Minh Khoi, Le Quang Thao, Do Huu Nghi, Nguyen Tuan Hiep","doi":"10.14719/pst.2684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2684","url":null,"abstract":"A special alkaloid compound known as capsaicin, which can only be found in the fruit of the Capsicum plant, was isolated and tested for its anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this work is to establish a simple and quick approach for capsaicin purification utilizing centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) as well as an effective method - accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), for extracting capsaicin from Capsicum chinense. After purification, capsaicin was validated by HPLC-DAD at 281 nm to be > 90% purity. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated capsaicin was also investigated, and the IC50 value of the capsaicin was determined to be 57.61 µg/mL. The current work emphasizes how an ASE and CPC system may combine to extract high-purity capsaicin from Capsicum chinense, which have the anti-inflammatory activity, as we evaluated in the experiment.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"67 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Mutant Line Developed from Fatemadhan Shows Salinity Tolerance at both Seedling and Reproductive Stages","authors":"Tasnia Khatun, Sheikh Mahfuja Khatun, Mumtarin Haque Mim, Jannatul Naim, Sopnil Ahmed Jahin, Mohammad Rashed Hossain, M. El‐Esawi, Mohammad Anwar Hossain","doi":"10.14719/pst.2917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2917","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of high-yielding rice mutants and their assessment under salt stress offers a great possibility to isolate salt tolerant line(s) with desired trait of interest. Two separate experiments were conducted at the seedling and reproductive stages of rice to assess the level of salinity tolerance of few advanced high-yielding rice mutants. In the first experiment, rice seedlings were grown under hydroponic conditions and 14-day-old seedlings were subjected to salt stress (EC=10 dS/m; 7 days). Salt stress caused significant reduction in root and shoot length and biomass and leaf chlorophyll content; however, a little reduction was found in the mutant Line-1. In contrast, a sharp increase in shoot Na+/K+ ratio was found in all the genotypes except, Binadhan-10, FL-478 and the mutant Line-1, which exhibited little increased ratio. The second experiment involved exposure of plant to salt stress (EC=10 dS/m) for three weeks at the late booting stage in a sizable plastic tub filled with field soil. Salt stress resulted in a significant decrease in yield and yield attributing traits in all the genotypes except Binadhan-10. Grain yield per panicle was found significantly positive correlation with panicle length, the number of filled grains per panicle, and 100-seed weight under both control and salt stress conditions. Based on the studied traits and stress tolerance indices, Binadhan-10 and mutant Line-1 categorized as salt tolerant and rest of the genotypes were categorized as susceptible, which is also evident from the biplot of principal component analysis. Considering the results from both of the experiments, mutant Line-1 was found tolerant genotype at both seedling and reproductive stage. However, further studies are required to determine the genetic issues controlling the salinity tolerance in mutant Line-1 and the high-yield potential of mutant Line-65 under control condition in a way to develop salt tolerant and high-yielding rice varieties, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC-MS analysis and cytotoxic activity of the n-hexane fraction from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škornick. & N.S.Lý leaves collected in Vietnam","authors":"Van Chen Tran, Minh-Nhut Truong, Thi Thuy Quynh Tran, Thanh To Nhi Nguyen, Hoang Khanh Linh Nguyen","doi":"10.14719/pst.2881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2881","url":null,"abstract":"Curcuma sahuynhensis Škornick. & N.S.Lý is an endemic plant in Vietnam that has been used by the Sa Huynh people as a spice and medicine to cure illnesses linked to digestive disorders. Very little information is available so far about the chemical composition and biological effects of C. sahuynhensis. To find new pharmaceutical ingredients, the in vitro cytotoxic effect and the chemical profile of C. sahuynhensis leaf extract were investigated. In this study, the percolation method and liquid-liquid dispersion technique were used to extract dry sample powder. The chemical composition was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Sulforhodamine B and MTT methods were used to determine the cytotoxic activity. The chemical composition analysis showed that the leaf extract contained 14 components. The major components in the n-hexane extract were 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one, phytol, 1-ethylbutyl hydroperoxide, isoborneol, 1-methylpentyl hydroperoxide, and neophytadiene. On human cancer cell lines, namely MFC-7, SK-LU-1, Hela, MKN-7, and HL-60, the leaf extract showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 221.70±10.24 to 369.42±10.60 ?g/mL. The present study provides significant information on the chemical components and cytotoxic effects of the n-hexane extract from C. sahuynhensis leaves. The findings will continue to be crucial in future research on the evaluation of secondary metabolite compound analysis for cancer therapeutic effects.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"105 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Vegetation and Plant Diversity in High Conservation Value Areas in Oil Palm Plantations","authors":"Erwin Dafis Nasution, A. R. Saidy, B. J. Priatmadi, Hafizianor, Suwardi, Sukarman, Moch. Dasrial, Himmatul Ulya Alfiana, Rahman Jailani","doi":"10.14719/pst.2924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2924","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of oil palm plantations is often rumored to impact the destruction of forests and other ecosystems with high conservation value (HCV). This study aimed to analyze the vegetation and plant diversity in the HCV area of oil palm plantations. The research was conducted on an oil palm plantation in Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia with an HCV area of 5379 ha. The research was carried out using the grid transect method on various types of vegetation, divided into four plots: seedlings, saplings, poles and trees. Parameters observed included the number of species, the number of individuals and the level of plant diversity. The results showed that the research location had good vegetation and plant diversity in the HCV area. There were 25 plant species from 17 families with a total of 355 plants. The number of species found in the seedling plots was 11 species (6 families) with a total of 38 plants; in the sapling plots was 16 species (12 families) with a total of 159 plants; in the pole plots was 14 species (11 families) with a total of 43 plants, and in the tree plots was 13 species (10 families) 115 plants. There was variation in the number of species and families in each plot. The overall plant diversity index was low. The diversity index of plants in the plots of seedlings, saplings, poles and trees (and the average) was in the low category.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenesis and Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Pharmacological Applications","authors":"Ghosh Ahana, P. Manikantan, Chaudhary Aditi, M. Arun, A. Vijaya Anand, B. Balamuralikrishnan, Meganathan Gomathy","doi":"10.14719/pst.2417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2417","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomaterial innovation is the primary catalyst of advancement in nanotechnology. Although there are many known chemical processes for creating nanoparticles that use harmful substances, it is now more important than ever to use processes that are safer, greener, and more environmentally friendly. The goal of research in this field is to use diverse life forms as \"nanoparticle factories.\" Phytochemicals can convert salt into the appropriate nanoparticles thanks to their regular biosynthetic routes. In recent years, green chemistry methods for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles have emerged as a fresh and exciting area of study. Metal nanoparticles, including gold (Au), silver (Ag), iron (Fe), and cadmium (Cd) along with certain oxides, can be synthesized using a variety of chemical and physical techniques as well as biological techniques carried out using plants. It has been discovered that methods involving plant-mediated synthesis are a more efficient and cost-effective way to create these metal nanoparticles. The plant-mediated nanoparticles are used as potential pharmaceutical agents for many diseases, including hepatitis, cancer, malaria, and HIV. Due to the higher efficacy and fewer side effects of nanodrugs compared to other commercial cancer drugs, the synthesis of nanoparticles targeting biological pathways has gained tremendous popularity. This review paper aims to cover the different green methods for the biogenesis of these nanoparticles, the different compounds and salts used, and the metals obtained. Ultimately, the significance and prospects of these metal nanoparticles especially in the fields of medicine, pharmacology, drug designing, and drug delivery engineering will also be commented on.","PeriodicalId":20236,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science Today","volume":"148 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}