Physiological research最新文献

{"title":"Does Microwave Exposure at Different Doses in the Pre/Postnatal Period Affect Growing Rat Bone Development?","authors":"A Karadayi, H Sarsmaz, A Çigel, B Engiz, N Ünal, S Ürkmez, S Gürgen","doi":"10.33549/physiolres.935148","DOIUrl":"10.33549/physiolres.935148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effects of pre/postnatal 2.45 GHz continuous wave (CW), Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Microwave (MW) irradiation on bone have yet to be well defined. The present study used biochemical and histological methods to investigate effects on bone formation and resorption in the serum and the tibia bone tissues of growing rats exposed to MW irradiation during the pre/postnatal period. Six groups were created: one control group and five experimental groups subjected to low-level different electromagnetic fields (EMF) of growing male rats born from pregnant rats. During the experiment, the bodies of all five groups were exposed to 2.45 GHz CW-MW for one hour/day. EMF exposure started after fertilization in the experimental group. When the growing male rats were 45 days old in the postnatal period, the control and five experimental groups' growing male and maternal rats were sacrificed, and their tibia tissues were removed. Maternal rats were not included in the study. No differences were observed between the control and five experimental groups in Receptor Activator Nuclear factor-kB (RANK) biochemical results. In contrast, there was a statistically significant increase in soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor-kB Ligand (sRANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) for 10 V/m and 15 V/m EMF values. Histologically, changes in the same groups supported biochemical results. These results indicate that pre/postnatal exposure to 2.45 GHz EMF at 10 and 15 V/m potentially affects bone development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol Attenuates Rheumatoid Arthritis Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via TLR-4 Mediated Inflammation in C57BL/6 Mice.","authors":"Zequan Chen, Guowei Xiao, AO Jian","doi":"10.33549/physiolres.935172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.935172","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate whether RSV inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that induce joint hyperalgesia in C57BL/6 mice after adjuvant-induced arthritis. A subplantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant was administered to C57BL/6 mice on day 0 for immunization in the AIA model. Resveratrol (RSV, 25 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once daily starting on day 22 and continuing for two weeks. The effects of mechanical hyperalgesia and edema formation have been assessed in addition to histopathological scoring. Mice were sacrificed on day 35 to determine cytokine levels and PADI4 and COX-2 expression levels. ELISA was used to quantify neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) along with neutrophil elastase-DNA and myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes in neutrophils. An immunohistochemical stain was performed on knee joints to determine the presence of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-kappaB p65). AIA mice were found to have higher levels of NET in joints and their joint cells demonstrated an increased expression of the PADI4 gene. Treatment with RSV in AIA mice (25 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P<0.05) inhibited joint hyperalgesia, resulting in a significant increase in mechanical threshold, a decrease in articular edema, a decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines, increased COX-2 expression, and a decrease in the immunostaining of NF-kappaB. Furthermore, treatment with RSV significantly reduced the amount of neutrophil elastase (NE)-DNA and MPO-DNA complexes, which were used as indicators of NET formation (P<0.05). This study indicates that RSV reduces NET production and hyperalgesia by reducing inflammation mediated by PADI4 and COX-2. According to these data, NETs contribute to joint pain and resveratrol can be used to treat pain in RA through this pathway.","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin I and II Stimulate Cell Invasion of SARS-CoV-2: Potential Mechanism via Inhibition of ACE2 Arm of RAS.","authors":"S. Zorad, M. Skrabanova, M. Zilkova, M. Cente, N. Turic Csokova, B. Kovacech, D. Cizkova, P. Filipcik","doi":"10.33549/physiolres.935198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.935198","url":null,"abstract":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), one of the key enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection by functioning as a virus receptor. Angiotensin peptides Ang I and Ang II, the substrates of ACE2, can modulate the binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. In the present work, we found that co incubation of HEK-ACE2 and Vero E6 cells with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus (PVP) resulted in stimulation of the virus entry at low and high micromolar concentrations of Ang I and Ang II, respectively. The potency of Ang I and Ang II stimulation of virus entry corresponds to their binding affinity to ACE2 catalytic pocket with 10 times higher efficiency of Ang II. The Ang II induced mild increase of PVP infectivity at 20 microM; while at 100 microM the increase (129.74+/-3.99 %) was highly significant (p<0.001). Since the angiotensin peptides act in HEK ACE2 cells without the involvement of angiotensin type I receptors, we hypothesize that there is a steric interaction between the catalytic pocket of the ACE2 enzyme and the SARS-CoV-2 S1 binding domain. Oversaturation of the ACE2 with their angiotensin substrate might result in increased binding and entry of the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the analysis of angiotensin peptides metabolism showed decreased ACE2 and increased ACE activity upon SARS-CoV-2 action. These effects should be taken into consideration in COVID-19 patients suffering from comorbidities such as the over-activated renin-angiotensin system as a mechanism potentially influencing the SARS-CoV-2 invasion into recipient cells.","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation Prevents Progression of Disuse Muscle Atrophy via Forkhead Box O Dynamics Mediated by Phosphorylated Protein Kinase B and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Coactivator-1alpha.","authors":"Ayumi Takahashi, Y. Honda, N. Tanaka, Jyunpei Miyake, Shunsuke Maeda, H. Kataoka, Junya Sakamoto, Minoru Okita, P. -. 1. •. FoxO","doi":"10.33549/physiolres.935157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.935157","url":null,"abstract":"Although electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) of skeletal muscle effectively prevents muscle atrophy, its effect on the breakdown of muscle component proteins is unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological mechanisms by which EMS-induced muscle contraction inhibits disuse muscle atrophy progression. Experimental animals were divided into a control group and three experimental groups: immobilized (Im; immobilization treatment), low-frequency (LF; immobilization treatment and low-frequency muscle contraction exercise), and high-frequency (HF; immobilization treatment and high-frequency muscle contraction exercise). Following the experimental period, bilateral soleus muscles were collected and analyzed. Atrogin-1 and Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF-1) mRNA expression levels were significantly higher for the experimental groups than for the control group but were significantly lower for the HF group than for the Im group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNA and protein expression levels in the HF group were significantly higher than those in the Im group, with no significant differences compared to the Con group. Both the Forkhead box O (FoxO)/phosphorylated FoxO and protein kinase B (AKT)/phosphorylated AKT ratios were significantly lower for the Im group than for the control group and significantly higher for the HF group than for the Im group. These results, the suppression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression for the HF group may be due to decreased nuclear expression of FoxO by AKT phosphorylation and suppression of FoxO transcriptional activity by PGC-1alpha. Furthermore, the number of muscle contractions might be important for effective EMS.","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Stroke Induces Pyroptosis in Spermatogonia via the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Qi-fei Deng, Ying Liu, H. Chu, B. Peng, Xiang Liu, Yong-Sheng Cao, Y.-S. Cao","doi":"10.33549/physiolres.935163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.935163","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the mechanism whereby cGAS-STING pathway regulates the pyroptosis of cryptorchidism cells, with a view to finding a new strategy for clinically treating cryptorchidism-induced infertility. Spermatogonial GC-1 cells were heat stimulated to simulate the heat hurt microenvironment of cryptorchidism. The cell viability was assayed by CCK-8, and cellular DNA damage was detected by gamma-H2AX immunofluo-rescence assay. Flow cytometry was employed to assess pyroptosis index, while western blot, ELISA and PCR were used to examine the expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins (Caspase-1, IL-1beta, NLRP3) and cGAS-STING pathway proteins (cGAS, STING). After STING silencing by siRNA, the expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins were determined. Pyroptosis occurred after heat stimulation of cells. Morphological detection found cell swelling and karyopyknosis. According to the gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence (IFA) assay, the endonuclear green fluorescence was significantly enhanced, the gamma-H2AX content markedly increased, and the endonuclear DNA was damaged. Flow cytometry revealed a significant increase in pyroptosis index. Western blot and PCR assays showed that the expressions of intracellular pyrogenic proteins like Caspase-1, NLRP3 and GSDMD were elevated. The increased STING protein and gene expressions in cGAS-STING pathway suggested that the pathway was intracellularly activated. Silencing STING protein in cGAS-STING pathway led to significantly inhibited pyroptosis. These results indicate that cGAS-STING pathway plays an important role in heat stress-induced pyroptosis of spermatogonial cells. After heat stimulation of spermatogonial GC-1 cells, pyroptosis was induced and cGAS-STING pathway was activated. This study can further enrich and improve the molecular mechanism of cryptorchidism.","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Linked Differences in Cardiac Atrophy After Mechanical Unloading Induced by Heterotopic Heart Transplantation.","authors":"Dushan Michael Kolesar, P. Kujal, I. Mrázová, M. Pokorný, P. Škaroupková, Janusz Sadowski, L. C̆ervenka, Ivan Netuka, M. D. Kolesár","doi":"10.33549/physiolres.935217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.935217","url":null,"abstract":"No information is available about sex-related differences in unloading-induced cardiac atrophy. We aimed to compare the course of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy in intact (without gonadectomy) male and female rats, and in animals after gonadectomy, to obtain insight into the influence of sex hormones on this process. Heterotopic heart transplantation (HT((x)) was used as a model for heart unloading. Cardiac atrophy was assessed as the weight ratio of heterotopically transplanted heart weight (HW) to the native HW on days 7 and 14 after HTx in intact male and female rats. In separate experimental groups, gonadectomy was performed in male and female recipient animals 28 days before HT(x) and the course of cardiac atrophy was again evaluated on days 7 and 14 after HT(x). In intact male rats, HT(x) resulted in significantly greater decreases in whole HW when compared to intact female rats. The dynamics of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) atrophy after HT(x) was quite similar to that of whole hearts. Gonadectomy did not have any significant effect on the decreases in whole HW, LV, and RV weights, with similar results in male and female rats. Our results show that the development of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy is substantially reduced in female rats when compared to male rats. Since gonadectomy did not alter the course of cardiac atrophy after HTx, similarly in both male and female rats, we conclude that sex-linked differences in the development of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy are not caused by the activity of sex hormones.","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of microRNA-320 Induces Cerebral Protection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Targeting HMGB1/NF-kappaB Axis.","authors":"S. Liang, W. Cao, Y. Zhuang, D. Zhang, S. Du, H. Shi","doi":"10.33549/physiolres.935081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.935081","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs have been shown to potentially function in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. This study aimed to examine the expression of microRNA-320 (miR-320) in cerebral IR injury and its involvement in cerebral mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses by targeting the HMGB1/NF-kappaB axis. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion to simulate cerebral IR injury. The cerebral expression of miR-320 was assessed using qRT-PCR. Neurological function, cerebral infarct volume, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using relevant methods, including staining, fluorometry, and ELISA. HMGB1 expression was analyzed through Western blotting. The levels of miR-320, HMGB1, neurological deficits, and cerebral infarction were significantly higher after IR induction. Intracerebral overexpression of miR-320 resulted in substantial neurological deficits, increased infarct volume, elevated levels of 8-isoprostane, NF-kappaBp65, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and HMGB1 expression. It also promoted the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels while reducing MnSOD and GSH levels. Downregulation of miR-320 and inhibition of HMGB1 activity significantly reversed the outcomes of cerebral IR injury. MiR-320 plays a negative role in regulating cerebral inflammatory/oxidative reactions induced by IR injury by enhancing HMGB1 activity and modulating mitochondrial function.","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Blood Ultrafiltration Therapy in Patients with Acute Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure Running Title: Blood Ultrafiltration Therapy for Heart Failure.","authors":"Yan-Wei He, Feng-Qin Wang, Fen-Fang Zhang, Huan-Zhen Chen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated the clinical effects of blood ultrafiltration therapy in patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure. We enrolled 78 patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure who were admitted to a hospital from September 2017 to December 2021, and divided them into two groups based on the digital randomization method. The FQ-16 heart failure ultrafiltration dehydrating device blood ultrafiltration therapy was administered to the observation group (39 patients) for 8-16 hours, while the control group (39 patients) received the stepped drug therapy. Echocardiography was used to assess the changes in cardiac function of the patients in both groups before and after treatment. The changes in urine volume, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), plasma renin, and serum creatinine levels were measured before and after the treatment to compare the overall response rate of the patients in both groups. The differences in left ventricular end-systolic dimension and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and the ejection fraction between the groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P > 0.05), however, the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in the observation group was significantly lower and the ejection fraction was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with that before treatment; the urine volume, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), plasma renin, and serum creatinine were significantly improved in both groups after treatment compared with that before treatment. All indexes in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05), 74.36%. The overall response rate of the observation group was 94.87%, x2 = 4.843 and the difference between groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Blood ultrafiltration therapy for patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure can improve their cardiac and renal functions, reduce NT-proBNP, reduce volume load, and enhance efficacy while ensuring high safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139432822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Melatonin Receptors Regulates Reproductive Physiology: The Impact of Agomelatine on the Estrus Cycle, Gestation, Offspring, and Uterine Contractions in Rats.","authors":"E Kacar, F Tan, S Sahinturk, G Zorlu, I Serhatlioglu, O Bulmus, Z Ercan, H Kelestimur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agomelatine is a pharmaceutical compound that functions as an agonist for melatonin receptors, with a particular affinity for the MT1 and MT2 receptor subtypes. Its mode of action is integral to the regulation of diverse physiological processes, encompassing the orchestration of circadian rhythms, sleep-wake cycles, and mood modulation. In the present study, we delve into the intricate interplay between agomelatine and the modulation of estrus cycles, gestation periods, offspring numbers, and uterine contractions, shedding light on their collective impact on reproductive physiology. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. Wistar Albino rats, divided into four groups: two non-pregnant groups (D1 and D2) and two pregnant groups (G1 and G2). The D1 and G1 groups served as control groups, while the D2 and G2 groups received chronic agomelatine administration (10 mg/kg). Uterine contractions were assessed in vitro using myometrial strips. Luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, was employed to investigate the pathway mediating agomelatine's effects on uterine contractions. In in vivo studies, chronic agomelatine administration extended the diestrus phase (p<0.05) in non-pregnant rats, prolonged the gestational period (p<0.01), and increased the fetal count (p<0.01) in pregnant rats. Additionally, agomelatine reduced plasma oxytocin and prostoglandin-E levels (p<0.01) during pregnancy. In vitro experiments showed that agomelatine dose-dependently inhibited spontaneous and oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions. Luzindole (2 µM) reverse the agomelatine-induced inhibition of myometrial contractions. These findings suggest that agomelatine holds the potential to modulate diverse reproductive parameters during the gestational period, influencing estrus cycling, gestational progression, offspring development, and the orchestration of uterine contractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139432842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Models of Sepsis-Associated Acute Lung Injury.","authors":"G Zhou, D Xie, R Fan, Z Yang, J Du, S Mai, L Xie, Q Wang, T Mai, Y Han, F Lai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To compare different rat models of sepsis at different time points, based on pulmonary or extrapulmonary injury mechanisms, to identify a model which is more stable and reproducible to cause sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to (1) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with single (CLP1 group) or two repeated through-and-through punctures (CLP2 group); (2) tail vein injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of 10mg/kg (IV-LPS10 group) or 20 mg/kg (IV-LPS20 group); (3) intratracheal instillation with LPS of 10mg/kg (IT-LPS10 group) or 20mg/kg (IT-LPS20 group). Each of the model groups had a sham group. 7-day survival rates of each group were observed (n=15 for each group). Moreover, three time points were set for additional experimental studying in each model group: 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after modeling (every time point, n=8 for each group). Rats were sacrificed to collect BALF and lung tissue samples at different time points for detection of IL-6, TNF-alpha, total protein concentration in BALF and MPO activity, HMGB1 protein expression in lung tissues, as well as the histopathological changes of lung tissues. More than 50 % of the rats died within 7 days in each model group, except for the IT-LPS10 group. In contrast, the mortality rates in the two IV-LPS groups as well as the IT-LPS20 group were significantly higher than that in IT-LPS10 group. Rats received LPS by intratracheal instillation exhibited evident histopathological changes and inflammatory exudation in the lung, but there was no evidence of lung injury in CLP and IV-LPS groups. Rat model of intratracheal instillation with LPS proved to be a more stable and reproducible animal model to cause sepsis-associated ALI than the extrapulmonary models of sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139432826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}