Physical biology最新文献_第6页

Evolutionary stability of social interaction rules in collective decision-making. 集体决策中社会互动规则的进化稳定性。

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acd297

Anna Sigalou, Richard P Mann

{"title":"Evolutionary stability of social interaction rules in collective decision-making.","authors":"Anna Sigalou, Richard P Mann","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/acd297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/acd297","url":null,"abstract":"Social animals can use the choices made by other members of their groups as cues in decision making. Individuals must balance the private information they receive from their own sensory cues with the social information provided by observing what others have chosen. These two cues can be integrated using decision making rules, which specify the probability to select one or other options based on the quality and quantity of social and non-social information. Previous empirical work has investigated which decision making rules can replicate the observable features of collective decision making, while other theoretical research has derived forms for decision making rules based on normative assumptions about how rational agents should respond to the available information. Here we explore the performance of one commonly used decision making rule in terms of the expected decision accuracy of individuals employing it. We show that parameters of this model which have typically been treated as independent variables in empirical model-fitting studies obey necessary relationships under the assumption that animals are evolutionarily optimised to their environment. We further investigate whether this decision making model is appropriate to all animal groups by testing its evolutionary stability to invasion by alternative strategies that use social information differently, and show that the likely evolutionary equilibrium of these strategies depends sensitively on the precise nature of group identity among the wider population of animals it is embedded within.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9616466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards a free energy-based elastic network model and its application to the SARS-COV2 binding to ACE2. 基于自由能量的弹性网络模型及其在SARS-COV2与ACE2结合中的应用

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acd6cd

Hyuntae Na, Guang Song

{"title":"Towards a free energy-based elastic network model and its application to the SARS-COV2 binding to ACE2.","authors":"Hyuntae Na, Guang Song","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/acd6cd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/acd6cd","url":null,"abstract":"Classical normal mode analysis (cNMA) is a standard method for studying the equilibrium vibrations of macromolecules. A major limitation of cNMA is that it requires a cumbersome step of energy minimization that also alters the input structure significantly. Variants of normal mode analysis (NMA) exist that perform NMA directly on PDB structures without energy minimization, while maintaining most of the accuracy of cNMA. Spring-based NMA (sbNMA) is such a model. sbNMA uses an all-atom force field as cNMA does, which includes bonded terms such as bond stretching, bond angle bending, torsional, improper, and non-bonded terms such as van der Waals interactions. Electrostatics was not included in sbNMA because it introduced negative spring constants. In this work, we present a way to incorporate most of the electrostatic contributions in normal mode computations, which marks another significant step toward a free-energy-based elastic network model (ENM) for NMA. The vast majority of ENMs are entropy models. One significance of having a free energy-based model for NMA is that it allows one to study the contributions of both entropy and enthalpy. As an application, we apply this model to study the binding stability between SARS-COV2 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (or ACE2). Our results show that the stability at the binding interface is contributed nearly equally by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9980768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What geometrically constrained models can tell us about real-world protein contact maps. 几何约束模型可以告诉我们真实世界的蛋白质接触图。

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acd543

J Jasmin Güven, Nora Molkenthin, Steffen Mühle, Antonia S J S Mey

{"title":"What geometrically constrained models can tell us about real-world protein contact maps.","authors":"J Jasmin Güven, Nora Molkenthin, Steffen Mühle, Antonia S J S Mey","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/acd543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/acd543","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms by which a protein's 3D structure can be determined based on its amino acid sequence have long been one of the key mysteries of biophysics. Often simplistic models, such as those derived from geometric constraints, capture bulk real-world 3D protein-protein properties well. One approach is using protein contact maps (PCMs) to better understand proteins' properties. In this study, we explore the emergent behaviour of contact maps for different geometrically constrained models and compare them to real-world protein systems. Specifically, we derive an analytical approximation for the distribution of amino acid distances, denoted asP(s), using a mean-field approach based on a geometric constraint model. This approximation is then validated for amino acid distance distributions generated from a 2D and 3D version of the geometrically constrained random interaction model. For real protein data, we show how the analytical approximation can be used to fit amino acid distance distributions of protein chain lengths ofL ≈ 100,L ≈ 200, andL ≈ 300 generated from two different methods of evaluating a PCM, a simple cutoff based method and a shadow map based method. We present evidence that geometric constraints are sufficient to model the amino acid distance distributions of protein chains in bulk and amino acid sequences only play a secondary role, regardless of the definition of the PCM.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9997627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A simple cognitive model explains movement decisions in zebrafish while following leaders. 一个简单的认知模型解释了斑马鱼在跟随领导者时的运动决策。

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acd298

Lital Oscar, Liang Li, Dan Gorbonos, Iain Couzin, Nir S Gov

{"title":"A simple cognitive model explains movement decisions in zebrafish while following leaders.","authors":"Lital Oscar, Liang Li, Dan Gorbonos, Iain Couzin, Nir S Gov","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/acd298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/acd298","url":null,"abstract":"While moving, animals must frequently make decisions about their future travel direction, whether they are alone or in a group. Here we investigate this process for zebrafish (Danio rerio), which naturally move in cohesive groups. Employing state-of-the-art virtual reality, we study how real fish (RF) follow one or several moving, virtual conspecifics (leaders). These data are used to inform, and test, a model of social response that includes a process of explicit decision-making, whereby the fish can decide which of the virtual conspecifics to follow, or to follow in some average direction. This approach is in contrast with previous models where the direction of motion was based on a continuous computation, such as directional averaging. Building upon a simplified version of this model (Sridharet al2021Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.118e2102157118), which was limited to a one-dimensional projection of the fish motion, we present here a model that describes the motion of the RF as it swims freely in two-dimensions. Motivated by experimental observations, the swim speed of the fish in this model uses a burst-and-coast swimming pattern, with the burst frequency being dependent on the distance of the fish from the followed conspecific(s). We demonstrate that this model is able to explain the observed spatial distribution of the RF behind the virtual conspecifics in the experiments, as a function of their average speed and number. In particular, the model naturally explains the observed critical bifurcations for a freely swimming fish, which appear in the spatial distributions whenever the fish makes a decision to follow only one of the virtual conspecifics, instead of following them as an averaged group. This model can provide the foundation for modeling a cohesive shoal of swimming fish, while explicitly describing their directional decision-making process at the individual level.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9567816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Network topology enables efficient response to environment inPhysarum polycephalum. 网络拓扑结构使多头绒泡菌能够有效地响应环境。

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/accef2

Siyu Chen, Karen Alim

{"title":"Network topology enables efficient response to environment inPhysarum polycephalum.","authors":"Siyu Chen, Karen Alim","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/accef2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/accef2","url":null,"abstract":"The network-shaped body plan distinguishes the unicellular slime mouldPhysarum polycephalumin body architecture from other unicellular organisms. Yet, network-shaped body plans dominate branches of multi-cellular life such as in fungi. What survival advantage does a network structure provide when facing a dynamic environment with adverse conditions? Here, we probe how network topology impactsP. polycephalum's avoidance response to an adverse blue light. We stimulate either an elongated, I-shaped amoeboid or a Y-shaped networked specimen and subsequently quantify the evacuation process of the light-exposed body part. The result shows that Y-shaped specimen complete the avoidance retraction in a comparable time frame, even slightly faster than I-shaped organisms, yet, at a lower almost negligible increase in migration velocity. Contraction amplitude driving mass motion is further only locally increased in Y-shaped specimen compared to I-shaped-providing further evidence that Y-shaped's avoidance reaction is energetically more efficient than in I-shaped amoeboid organisms. The difference in the retraction behaviour suggests that the complexity of network topology provides a key advantage when encountering adverse environments. Our findings could lead to a better understanding of the transition from unicellular to multicellularity.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9514674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative modeling of EGF receptor ligand discrimination via internalization proofreading 通过内化校对的EGF受体配体鉴别定量建模

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.539827

Jaleesa A Leblanc, Michael G. Sugiyama, C. Antonescu, Aidan I. Brown

{"title":"Quantitative modeling of EGF receptor ligand discrimination via internalization proofreading","authors":"Jaleesa A Leblanc, Michael G. Sugiyama, C. Antonescu, Aidan I. Brown","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.09.539827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.09.539827","url":null,"abstract":"The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a central regulator of cell physiology that is stimulated by multiple distinct ligands. Although ligands bind to EGFR while the receptor is exposed on the plasma membrane, EGFR incorporation into endosomes following receptor internalization is an important aspect of EGFR signaling, with EGFR internalization behavior dependent upon the type of ligand bound. We develop quantitative modeling for EGFR recruitment to and internalization from clathrin domains, focusing on how internalization competes with ligand unbinding from EGFR. We develop two model versions: a kinetic model with EGFR behavior described as transitions between discrete states and a spatial model with EGFR diffusion to circular clathrin domains. We find that a combination of spatial and kinetic proofreading leads to enhanced EGFR internalization ratios in comparison to unbinding differences between ligand types. Various stages of the EGFR internalization process, including recruitment to and internalization from clathrin domains, modulate the internalization differences between receptors bound to different ligands. Our results indicate that following ligand binding, EGFR may encounter multiple clathrin domains before successful recruitment and internalization. The quantitative modeling we have developed describes competition between EGFR internalization and ligand unbinding and the resulting proofreading.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45880122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Timescale separation in the coordinated switching of bacterial flagellar motors. 细菌鞭毛马达协调开关的时间尺度分离。

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acd0fb

Guanhua Yue, Rongjing Zhang, Junhua Yuan

{"title":"Timescale separation in the coordinated switching of bacterial flagellar motors.","authors":"Guanhua Yue, Rongjing Zhang, Junhua Yuan","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/acd0fb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/acd0fb","url":null,"abstract":"The output of the bacterial chemotaxis signaling pathway, the level of the intracellular regulator CheY-P, modulates the rotation direction of the flagellar motor, thereby regulating bacterial run-and-tumble behavior. The multiple flagellar motors on anE. colicell are controlled by a common cytoplasmic pool of CheY-P. Fluctuation of the CheY-P level was thought to be able to coordinate the switching of multiple motors. Here, we measured the correlation of rotation directions between two motors on a cell, finding that it surprisingly exhibits two well separated timescales. We found that the slow timescale (∼6 s) can be explained by the slow fluctuation of the CheY-P level due to stochastic activity of the chemotactic adaptation enzymes, whereas the fast timescale (∼0.3 s) can be explained by the random pulse-like fluctuation of the CheY-P level, due probably to the activity of the chemoreceptor clusters. We extracted information on the properties of the fast CheY-P pulses based on the correlation measurements. The two well-separated timescales in the fluctuation of CheY-P level help to coordinate multiple motors on a cell and to enhance bacterial chemotactic performance.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9567235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of thermal and athermal dynamics of the cell membrane slope fluctuations in the presence and absence of Latrunculin-B. 有无 Latrunculin-B 作用下细胞膜斜率波动的热动态和非热动态比较。

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/accef1

Srestha Roy, Rahul Vaippully, Muruga Lokesh, Gokul Nalupurackal, Vandana Yadav, Snigdhadev Chakraborty, Manoj Gopalakrishnan, Privita Edwina Rayappan George Edwin, Saumendra Kumar Bajpai, Basudev Roy

{"title":"Comparison of thermal and athermal dynamics of the cell membrane slope fluctuations in the presence and absence of Latrunculin-B.","authors":"Srestha Roy, Rahul Vaippully, Muruga Lokesh, Gokul Nalupurackal, Vandana Yadav, Snigdhadev Chakraborty, Manoj Gopalakrishnan, Privita Edwina Rayappan George Edwin, Saumendra Kumar Bajpai, Basudev Roy","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/accef1","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1478-3975/accef1","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally, only the normal cell membrane fluctuations have been studied and used to ascertain membrane properties like the bending rigidity. A new concept, the membrane local slope fluctuations was introduced recently (Vaippullyet al2020Soft Matter167606), which can be modelled as a gradient of the normal fluctuations. It has been found that the power spectral density (PSD) of slope fluctuations behave as (frequency)-1while the normal fluctuations yields (frequency)-5/3even on the apical cell membrane in the high frequency region. In this manuscript, we explore a different situation where the cell is applied with the drug Latrunculin-B which inhibits actin polymerization and find the effect on membrane fluctuations. We find that even as the normal fluctuations show a power law (frequency)-5/3as is the case for a free membrane, the slope fluctuations PSD remains (frequency)-1, with exactly the same coefficient as the case when the drug was not applied. Moreover, while sometimes, when the normal fluctuations at high frequency yield a power law of (frequency)-4/3, the pitch PSD still yields (frequency)-1. Thus, this presents a convenient opportunity to study membrane parameters like bending rigidity as a function of time after application of the drug, while the membrane softens. We also investigate the active athermal fluctuations of the membrane appearing in the PSD at low frequencies and find active timescales of slower than 1 s.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10110275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Module representatives for refining gene co-expression modules. 模块代表提炼基因共表达模块。

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acce8d

Nathan Mankovich, Helene Andrews-Polymenis, David Threadgill, Michael Kirby

{"title":"Module representatives for refining gene co-expression modules.","authors":"Nathan Mankovich, Helene Andrews-Polymenis, David Threadgill, Michael Kirby","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/acce8d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/acce8d","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns the identification of gene co-expression modules in transcriptomics data, i.e. collections of genes which are highly co-expressed and potentially linked to a biological mechanism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a widely used method for module detection based on the computation of eigengenes, the weights of the first principal component for the module gene expression matrix. This eigengene has been used as a centroid in ak-means algorithm to improve module memberships. In this paper, we present four new module representatives: the eigengene subspace, flag mean, flag median and module expression vector. The eigengene subspace, flag mean and flag median are subspace module representatives which capture more variance of the gene expression within a module. The module expression vector is a weighted centroid of the module which leverages the structure of the module gene co-expression network. We use these module representatives in Linde-Buzo-Gray clustering algorithms to refine WGCNA module membership. We evaluate these methodologies on two transcriptomics data sets. We find that most of our module refinement techniques improve upon the WGCNA modules by two statistics: (1) module classification between phenotype and (2) module biological significance according to Gene Ontology terms.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9789099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theoretical understanding of evolutionary dynamics on inhomogeneous networks. 非均匀网络上进化动力学的理论认识。

IF 2 4区生物学

Physical biology Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/accb36

Hamid Teimouri, Dorsa B Sattari Khavas, Cade Spaulding, Christopher B Li, Anatoly B Kolomeisky

{"title":"Theoretical understanding of evolutionary dynamics on inhomogeneous networks.","authors":"Hamid Teimouri, Dorsa B Sattari Khavas, Cade Spaulding, Christopher B Li, Anatoly B Kolomeisky","doi":"10.1088/1478-3975/accb36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/accb36","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution is the main feature of all biological systems that allows populations to change their characteristics over successive generations. A powerful approach to understand evolutionary dynamics is to investigate fixation probabilities and fixation times of novel mutations on networks that mimic biological populations. It is now well established that the structure of such networks can have dramatic effects on evolutionary dynamics. In particular, there are population structures that might amplify the fixation probabilities while simultaneously delaying the fixation events. However, the microscopic origins of such complex evolutionary dynamics remain not well understood. We present here a theoretical investigation of the microscopic mechanisms of mutation fixation processes on inhomogeneous networks. It views evolutionary dynamics as a set of stochastic transitions between discrete states specified by different numbers of mutated cells. By specifically considering star networks, we obtain a comprehensive description of evolutionary dynamics. Our approach allows us to employ physics-inspired free-energy landscape arguments to explain the observed trends in fixation times and fixation probabilities, providing a better microscopic understanding of evolutionary dynamics in complex systems.","PeriodicalId":20207,"journal":{"name":"Physical biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9409209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3