Pituitary最新文献

{"title":"Prediction of adrenal insufficiency after pituitary surgery: a retrospective study using beckman access cortisol assay","authors":"Maria Francesca Birtolo, Emma Giannini, Simone Antonini, Elisabetta Lavezzi, Giovanni Lasio, Giorgio Da Rin, Gherardo Mazziotti, Andrea G. Lania","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01368-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-023-01368-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Identifying patients requiring glucocorticoid replacement therapy after pituitary surgery is challenging as the tests commonly used for the diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) are not recommended in the immediate postoperative period. There are controversial data on the role of postoperative days’ morning cortisol, with no specific data for each cortisol assay. The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability of 8.00 a.m. cortisol of the first and second postoperative days in predicting SAI.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Data of patients underwent pituitary surgery in Humanitas Research Hospital in Italy, from March 2017 to August 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Definitive diagnosis of SAI was made through ACTH test 1 µg six weeks after surgery. Cortisol was measured through Beckman Access Cortisol and the diagnosis of SAI was made if cortisol peak was below 14.8 µg/dL (408 nmol/L) at 30 or 60 min after stimulus.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Of the sixty-four patients enrolled, seven developed SAI. The ROC curves demonstrated that both first- and second-day postoperative 8.00 a.m. cortisol predict SAI (AUC 0.94 and 0.95, respectively). The optimal thresholds were 15.6 µg/dL (430.3 nmol/L; accuracy 89%) for the first day and 11.5 µg/dL (317.2 nmol/L, accuracy 81%) for the second day. Patients who developed SAI had larger tumors (p = 0.004) and lower fT4 (p = 0.038) before surgery.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Clinicians might rely on the first- and second- postoperative days 8.00 a.m. cortisol to identify patients to discharge with glucocorticoid replacement therapy waiting for the confirmation of SAI through the ACTH test.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acromegaly increases depressive symptoms and reduces quality of life of cohabitants","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01376-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-023-01376-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Purpose</h3> <p>To assess how living with patients with acromegaly affects people’s psychology and quality of life (QoL).</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>Acromegaly patients and their cohabitants included in this study. Patients were administered Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (AcroQoL), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Cohabitants were administered quality of life questionnaire (SF-36), BAI, BDI, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI).</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>This study included 84 patients with acromegaly and 84 cohabitants. Sixty-nine patients (<em>n =</em> 84, 82.1%) had an acromegalic appearance. Cohabitants who were affected by the acromegalic appearance had higher BAI, BDI, and ZBI scores than those who were not affected (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 for all). Cohabitants who were affected by the acromegalic appearance had a significantly lower SF-36 score (<em>p =</em> 0.015). The BAI (<em>r=</em>-0.535, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), BDI (<em>r=</em>-0.592, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and ZBI (<em>r</em>=-0.465, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) scores of the cohabitants showed a negative correlation with AcroQoL. SF-36 scores showed correlation with AcroQoL (<em>r =</em> 0.387, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>The chronic process of acromegaly and the external appearance of patients with this disease can negatively affect both the patients and the people living with them. Physicians being aware of this effect and taking counteractive measures may contribute positively to the course of acromegaly.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: incidence of postoperative hyponatremia after endoscopic endonasal pituitary transposition for skull base pathologies","authors":"Francesca Galbiati, Sharini Venugopal, Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar, Georgios A. Zenonos, Paul A. Gardner, Pouneh K. Fazeli, Hussain Mahmud","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01375-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-023-01375-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence and associated risk factors of detectable renal morphological abnormalities in acromegaly","authors":"Hayri Bostan, Muhammed Kizilgul, Murat Calapkulu, Hatice Kozan Kalkisim, Fatma Betul Gulden Topcu, Umran Gul, Hakan Duger, Sema Hepsen, Bekir Ucan, Erman Cakal","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01370-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-023-01370-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of simple renal cysts (SRCs) and kidney stone disease (KSD) together with laboratory data in patients with acromegaly through comparisons with healthy subjects, and to examine the possible risk factors associated with these abnormalities in acromegaly.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This retrospective, single-center study included 125 acromegaly patients (46.4 ± 11.6 years, 68 females/57 males) and 114 age-sex matched healthy individuals (45.3 ± 12.4 years, 59 females/55 males). Demographic data, clinical history, biochemical and abdominal/urinary system ultrasonographic data of the patients were reviewed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The SRC prevalence (28.8% vs. 8.8%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the longitudinal and transverse lengths of kidneys (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with acromegaly compared to the control group. The presence of acromegaly was determined to increase the risk of SRC formation 12.8-fold. The prevalence of KSD was similar in both the patient and control groups (15.2% vs. 7.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.08). Patients with acromegaly with renal cysts (<i>n</i> = 36) compared to the group without cysts (<i>n</i> = 89) were older, had a higher male gender frequency, a longer pre-diagnosis symptom duration, and a higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus at the time of diagnosis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only advanced age and male gender were associated risk factors for SRCs in acromegaly patients.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The results of this study showed that acromegaly disease significantly increased the prevalence of SRCs and kidney length compared to the age-sex matched healthy population, while the prevalence of KSD was similar. Advanced age and male gender were seen to be independent risk factors for SRC formation in patients with acromegaly.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138552308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cabergoline treatment for surgery-naïve non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas","authors":"Irit Ayalon-Dangur, Adi Turjeman, Dania Hirsch, Eyal Robenshtok, Gloria Tsvetov, Alexander Gorshtein, Hiba Masri, Ilana Shraga-Slutzky, Yossi Manisterski, Amit Akirov, Ilan Shimon","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01365-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-023-01365-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The treatment strategy of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) includes surgery, radiotherapy, medical therapy, or observation without intervention. Cabergoline, a dopaminergic agonist, was suggested for the treatment of NFPA remnants after trans-sphenoidal surgery. This study investigates the efficacy of cabergoline in surgery-naive patients with NFPA.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Retrospective cohort study including surgery-naive patients with NFPA ≥ 10 mm, treated with cabergoline at a dose of <u>≥</u> 1 mg/week for at least 24 months. Patients with chiasmal damage were excluded. Data collected included symptoms, in particular visual disturbances, hormonal levels, tumor characteristics and size evaluated by MRI. Tumor growth was defined as an increase in maximal diameter of ≥ 2 mm, and shrinkage as reduction of ≥ 2 mm.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our cohort included 25 patients treated with cabergoline as primary therapy. Mean age was 63.3 ± 17.3 years, 56% (14/25) were males. Mean tumor size at diagnosis was 18.6 ± 6.3 mm (median 17 mm, range 10–36), and the average follow-up period with cabergoline was 4.6 ± 3.4 years. Out of the 25 tumors, five tumors (20%) decreased in size (mean decrease of 5.0 ± 3.0 mm), 12 tumors (48%) remained stable, and eight (32%) increased in size (mean growth of 5.0 ± 3.3 mm) with cabergoline treatment. During the first two years of cabergoline treatment, the median tumor size exhibited a reduction of 0.5 mm. Patients with an increase in tumor size had larger adenomas at diagnosis and a longer follow-up. Two patients (8%) underwent surgery due to tumor enlargement.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Primary treatment with cabergoline is a reasonable approach for selected patients with NFPAs without visual threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138552329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of acromegalic patients with giant growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: a single-center study of 67 cases.","authors":"Meiping Chen, Lian Duan, Hui Miao, Na Yu, Shengmin Yang, Linjie Wang, Fengying Gong, Yong Yao, Huijuan Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01356-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-023-01356-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acromegalic patients with giant growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (GHPAs) (≥ 40 mm) are relatively rare, and their clinical characteristics and treatment outcome data are limited. This study aims to analyze the clinical practice experience of giant GHPAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-seven acromegalic patients with giant GHPAs and 67 patients with macro GHPAs (10-39 mm), matched for age and gender from the same hospital during the same period, were retrospectively recruited. The clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enlargement of the extremities and facial features were the most common symptoms in most patients (92.5%). Compared with the macroadenoma group, more frequent visual impairment (86.6% vs. 25.4%, P < 0.001) and gonadal axis dysfunction (49.3% vs. 34.3%, P = 0.008), higher preoperative fasting GH, nadir GH after OGTT and IGF-1 levels, and a higher proportion of extrasellar tumor invasion were seen in the giant adenoma group. As the adenoma size increases, the total resection rate decreases, and postoperative complications and multimodal treatment strategies increase significantly. Fasting and nadir GH levels remained higher at 1 week postoperatively, and there were more surgical complications and cases of anterior hypopituitarism in the giant group. After a median follow-up of 36 months, 12 patients (36.4%) in the giant GHPA group and 17 (36.2%) in the macro GHPA group achieved biochemical remission. Other factors such as age of onset, age of diagnosis, delayed diagnosis time, metabolic complications, p53 positive rate, and Ki-67 index showed no significant difference between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With aggressive multimodal therapy, the biochemical remission rate of acromegalic patients with giant GHPAs is comparable to that of patients with macro adenoma. However, postoperative complications and hypopituitarism need to be closely monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41237927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic endonasal marsupialization of rathke cleft cysts: clinical outcomes and risk factors analysis of visual impairment, pituitary dysfunction, and CSF leak.","authors":"Mohammad Bilal Alsavaf, Kyle C Wu, Jaskaran S Gosal, Guilherme Finger, Brandon Koch, Moataz D Abouammo, Luciano M Prevedello, Ricardo L Carrau, Daniel M Prevedello","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01347-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-023-01347-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper assesses the clinical and imaging characteristics, histopathological findings, and treatment outcomes of patients with Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC), as well as identifies potential risk factors for preoperative visual and pituitary dysfunction, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and recurrence. Through analyzing these factors, the study aims to contribute to the current understanding of the management of RCCs and identify opportunities for improving patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective analysis of 45 RCC patients between ages 18-80 treated by Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) and cyst marsupialization between 2010 and 2022 at a single institution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median patient age was 34, and 73% were female. The mean follow-up was 70 ± 43 months. Preoperative visual impairment correlated with cyst diameter (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.85, p-value = 0.01) and older age (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.11, p-value = 0.02). Intraoperative CSF leaks were 11 times more likely for cysts ≥ 2 cm (OR = 11.3, 95% CI = 1.25 to 97.37, p-value = 0.03), with the odds of leakage doubling for every 0.1 cm increase in cyst size (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.84, p-value = 0.01). Preoperative RCC appearing hypointense on T1 images demonstrated significantly higher CSF leak rates than hyperintense lesions (OR = 122.88, 95% CI = 1.5 to 10077.54, p-value = 0.03). Preoperative pituitary hypofunction was significantly more likely in patients with the presence of inflammation on histopathology (OR = 20.53, 95% CI = 2.20 to 191.45, p-value = 0.008 ) and T2 hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences (OR = 23.2, 95% CI = 2.56 to 211.02, p-value = 0.005). Notably, except for the hyperprolactinemia, no postoperative improvement was observed in pituitary function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Carefully considering risk factors, surgeons can appropriately counsel patients and deliver expectations for complications and long-term results. In contrast to preoperative visual impairment, preoperative pituitary dysfunction was found to have the least improvement post-surgery. It was the most significant permanent complication, with our data indicating the link to the cyst signal intensity on T2 MR and inflammation on histopathology. Earlier surgical intervention might improve the preservation of pituitary function.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of forearm muscles with ultrasound shear wave elastography in patients with acromegaly.","authors":"Meric Coskun, Halit Nahit Sendur, Mahi Nur Cerit, Afruz Babayeva, Ethem Turgay Cerit, Mehmet Muhittin Yalcin, Alev Eroglu Altinova, Mujde Akturk, Mehmet Ayhan Karakoc, Fusun Balos Toruner","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01352-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-023-01352-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effects of acromegaly on soft tissues, bones and joints are well-documented, but information on its effects on muscle mass and quality remains limited. The primary goal of this study is to assess the sonoelastographic features of forearm muscles in patients with acromegaly.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-five patients with acromegaly and 45 healthy controls similar in terms of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) were included in a single-center, multidisciplinary, cross-sectional study. The body composition was analyzed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle index (hSMI) was calculated. The dominant hand's grip strength was also measured. Two radiologists specialized in the musculoskeletal system employed ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) to assess the thickness and stiffness of brachioradialis and biceps brachii muscles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The acromegaly group had significantly higher thickness of both the biceps brachii (p = 0.034) and brachioradialis muscle (p = 0.046) than the control group. However, the stiffness of the biceps brachii (p = 0.001) and brachioradialis muscle (p = 0.001) was lower in the acromegaly group than in the control group. Disease activity has not caused a significant difference in muscle thickness and stiffness in the acromegaly group (p > 0.05). The acromegaly group had a higher hSMI (p = 0.004) than the control group. The hand grip strength was similar between the acromegaly and control group (p = 0.594).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The patients with acromegaly have an increased muscle thickness but decreased muscle stiffness in the forearm muscles responsible for elbow flexion. Acromegaly can lead to a permanent deterioration of the muscular structure regardless of the disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Care trajectories of surgically treated patients with a prolactinoma: why did they opt for surgery?","authors":"Victoria R van Trigt, Ingrid M Zandbergen, Iris C M Pelsma, Leontine E H Bakker, Marco J T Verstegen, Wouter R van Furth, Nienke R Biermasz","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01358-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-023-01358-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10665250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66784214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastases to the pituitary gland: insights from the German pituitary tumor registry.","authors":"Linus Haberbosch, Simone Schmid, Vanessa Hubertus, Dominik Soll, Güliz Acker, Matthias Dottermusch, Marie Jensen, Lukas Maurer, Joachim Spranger, Knut Mai, Peter Vajkoczy, Wolfgang Saeger, Christian J Strasburger","doi":"10.1007/s11102-023-01361-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-023-01361-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic involvement of the pituitary gland is a rare but clinically significant phenomenon, that often poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the origin of pituitary metastases using data from the German Pituitary Tumor Registry, one of the globally largest collections of pituitary pathology specimens. Here, we report data from a retrospective analysis of patients with metastases to the pituitary registered between 1990 and 2022. Out of 17,896 pituitary cases in the registry during this period, a total of 96 metastases to the pituitary gland were identified, accounting for 0.5% of all pituitary tumors in the registry. The mean age of the patients was 64 years. Breast cancer was identified as the primary tumor in 25% of total cases (n = 24/96) and in 50% of female patients. The second most prevalent primary tumor was lung cancer (18.75%, n = 18/96), followed by renal cell carcinoma (14.58%, n = 14/96). In comparison to current meta-analyses, this cohort shows a higher prevalence of metastases originating from the kidney. Furthermore, in contrast to the existing literature, no case of primary thyroid tumor was identified. Our study highlights the importance of pituitary metastases as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with pituitary tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10665242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}