Pituitary最新文献

{"title":"USP8, USP48, BRAF and TP53 mutations in crooke cell adenoma.","authors":"Paulina Kober, Magdalena Szczepaniak, Monika Pękul, Natalia Rusetska, Beata J Mossakowska, Artur Kowalik, Maria Maksymowicz, Grzegorz Zieliński, Jacek Kunicki, Mateusz Bujko","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01566-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-025-01566-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Crooke cell adenomas (CCAs) are rare histological subtype of corticotroph pituitary adenomas (cPAs) commonly related to worse prognosis in patients. Notable progress in understanding of the molecular background of cPAs has been made recently but biology of CCAs remains poorly recognized. Results of our previous study suggested distinct frequency of the known recurrent mutations in CCAs than in sparsely and densely granulated cPAs. Thus, the aim was to determine the prevalence of USP8, USP48, BRAF and TP53 variants in a relatively large retrospective group of patients diagnosed with CCA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue of 29 CCAs (14 clinically functioning and 15 nonfunctioning). Sanger sequencing was used for the identification of USP8, USP48, BRAF hotspot variants, while semiconductor sequencing with Ion AmpliSeq TP53 Panel was used for analysis of TP53 sequence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>USP8 variants were found in 2 CCA patients with Cushing's disease (CD), whereas 3 TP53 variants were identified in 1 CCA patient with CD and 2 patients with clinically nonfunctioning CCAs. USP8 variants are less frequent in clinically functioning CCAs than functioning sparsely and densely granulated corticotroph tumors (p = 0.0271). TP53 variants are more common in CCAs as compared to other histological subtypes (p = 0.0164). One BRAF V600E variant and no USP48 variant were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CCAs have slightly distinct mutational profile then other histological subtypes of cPAs. Since clinical relevance of TP53 variants in corticotroph tumors was already documented, testing toward TP53 sequence changes in patients with CCAs should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of growth hormone replacement therapy on craniopharyngioma recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lai-Sheng Pan, Yu-Tong Xiong, Zhi-Cheng Ye, Jing Zhang, Xiao-Hui Deng, Qi-Yuan Wang, Tao Hong","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01581-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-025-01581-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) cause hypopituitarism in most patients, with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) being the most prevalent form. Growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) is the standard treatment for GHD, but the impact of this therapy on CP recurrence remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GHRT on CP recurrence in both pediatric and adult populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Original studies comparing the impact of GHRT and non-GHRT on CP recurrence were included. Among the 817 initially identified records, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two independent investigators extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis revealed that GHRT significantly reduced the risk of recurrence (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.77). Subgroup analyses revealed that GHRT had a more significant effect among patients with a follow-up period of more than five years. Initiating GHRT within 12 months after CP treatment significantly reduced the recurrence rate (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.62). Sensitivity analyses and publication bias tests revealed that the results were robust.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The meta-analysis shows that GHRT does not increase the risk of recurrence in CP, even when initiated within 12 months postoperatively. GHRT should be considered an essential treatment for CP patients with GHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive evaluation of patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma.","authors":"Asli Altinbezer, Tugba Barlas, Muhammed Hakan Aksu, Ethem Turgay Cerit, Mehmet Muhittin Yalcin, Mujde Akturk, Fusun Toruner, Ayhan Karakoc, Alev Eroglu Altinova","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01582-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-025-01582-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the neurocognitive functions of patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty patients with NFPA and 80 control subjects matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and educational status were included. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ) for assessing cognitive functions were administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NFPA patients had significantly higher CFQ and PRMQ scores than controls (p < 0.05), reflecting greater cognitive failure and memory impairment. MFQ subscales revealed increased general forgetfulness, severity of forgetting, and impaired retrospective function in NFPA patients (p < 0.05). Name recall was worse among those who underwent surgery or received radiotherapy/gamma-knife treatment. Social dysfunction was more common in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency (p = 0.038), higher corticosteroid doses (p < 0.05), and greater concentration problems (p = 0.036). Hypogonadism was associated with impaired name recall (p = 0.040) and social failure (p = 0.024). Name recall declined as postoperative time increased (p = 0.029). Low IGF-1 levels were linked to worse prospective memory, more frequent forgetfulness, and greater social dysfunction (p = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that the cognitive impairments observed in patients with NFPA may result not only from pituitary dysfunction but also from treatment approaches such as reoperations, gamma-knife or radiotherapy. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive neurocognitive assessment and long-term follow-up in the management of NFPA patients, particularly those with hormonal deficiencies or who undergo repeated interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of proton therapy and photon therapy for patients with craniopharyngioma: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.","authors":"Lai-Sheng Pan, Jing Zhang, Yu-Tong Xiong, Jin-Bo Zhan, Qi-Yuan Wang, Tao Hong","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01578-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-025-01578-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>According to existing epidemiological evidence, whether proton therapy is more efficacious and safe than photon therapy in the treatment of craniopharyngioma (CP) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether proton therapy exhibits better efficacy and safety in terms of survival outcomes and toxic effects than photon therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive search of pertinent articles published between 1990 and February 2025 was performed in the following four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Original studies investigating the efficacy and safety of proton or photon therapy in patients with CP were included. This meta-analysis is reported following the PRISMA reporting guidelines, and data were pooled using a random effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 studies on 2784 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis favored proton therapy over photon therapy in terms of 3-year progression-free survival, 5-year progression-free survival, 5-year overall survival, 3-year local control and 5-year local control but not 3-year overall survival. In the safety analysis, compared with photon therapy, proton therapy was associated with reduced probabilities of visual, neurological, cognitive, and other miscellaneous toxicities, whereas the opposite trend was observed for endocrine toxicity. Subgroup analysis indicated that conventional radiation therapy had superior survival outcomes than stereotactic radiosurgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with photon therapy, proton therapy may be associated with improved survival outcomes and reduced incidence of toxic effects in CP patients. Conventional radiation therapy appears to be more effective than stereotactic radiosurgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients with langerhans cell histiocytosis and hypothalamic-pituitary involvement: insights from the HEROS study cohort.","authors":"Hiba Masri Iraqi, Marina Tsoli, Annamaria Colao, Diego Ferone, Miklos Toth, Ekaterina Pigarova, Amit Akirov, Lior Baraf, Yona Greenman, Mirjana Doknic, Gregory Kaltsas, Ilan Shimon","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01576-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-025-01576-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease involving multiple organs, including the endocrine system. This multicenter study aimed to characterize patients with hypothalamic- pituitary involvement in LCH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Hypopituitarism European NeuroEndocrine Association (ENEA) Rare Etiologies Observational Study (HEROS) platform invited ENEA members to include patients with rare pituitary diseases like LCH. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, hormonal profile, imaging tests, treatment, and prognosis were retrieved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-eight patients (58% males) were included. Age at diagnosis was 22 ± 16.1 years, with 58% diagnosed as adults (> 18 years). The mean follow-up was 15.8 ± 10.6 years, 46% of the patients initially presented with bone lesions, 42% with lung involvement, and five were incidentally diagnosed. At diagnosis, 69% of the patients had arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVD), 42% had central hypogonadism, 25% hypothyroidism, and 12.5% hypocortisolism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was available in 41 patients, 73% of whom had pathology of the posterior pituitary/pituitary stalk. Visual disturbances were reported in only one patient. Diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed in all patients, mainly from extra-pituitary lesions. Transcranial biopsy was performed in five patients, and two underwent transsphenoidal intervention. During follow-up, 27% of the patients developed new AVD and five acquired new anterior pituitary hormone deficiency. There was no disease-related mortality during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with LCH and hypothalamic-pituitary involvement remained clinically stable during long-term follow-up. However, new hormonal deficits may develop years after diagnosis, with most patients ultimately experiencing AVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical presentation, predictive factors and management of patients with Nelson syndrome: a retrospective study.","authors":"Pierluigi Mazzeo, Giulia Bovo, Alessandro Mondin, Giacomo Voltan, Renzo Manara, Mario Caccese, Luca Denaro, Filippo Ceccato, Mattia Barbot","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01579-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-025-01579-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nelson syndrome (NS), or corticotroph tumor progression after bilateral adrenalectomy (CTP-BADX/NS), is a serious complication in patients with Cushing disease (CD) following BADX. Surgical tumor removal is the recommended treatment, though adjuvant therapies may be necessary.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>To evaluate clinical, radiological, and hormonal features of CD patients after BADX, identify risk factors for CTP-BADX/NS and assessed treatment outcome and cardio-metabolic complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study of 30 patients (male/female: 9/21; median age at CD diagnosis: 33 years, IQR 27-42) who underwent BADX and had a minimum follow-up of 18 months. Data were collected at diagnosis and during follow-up (6, 24 months and last visit).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 135 months, 9/30 patients (30%) developed NS, median 60 months after BADX. NS patients had earlier CD diagnosis and higher ACTH levels two years post-BADX [458 ng/L (IQR 245-723) vs. 146 ng/L (61-247), p = 0.020]. They also took lower fludrocortisone [0.05 mg/day vs. 0.1 mg/day, p = 0.001] and tended to use less hydrocortisone [20 mg/day [20-25] vs. 30 [25-30], p = 0.06]. Pre-BADX stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was more frequent in non-NS patients (52% vs. 22%, p = 0.11). Hypertension was more common in NS patients (78% vs 43%), but diabetes less so (33% vs 48%). In the CTP-BADX group, 6/9 required pituitary surgery and/or radiotherapy; medical therapy was used in 5 patients with varied results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CTP-BADX/NS occurred in 30% of cases in our cohort. Higher ACTH post-BADX and younger age at CD onset may predict NS. No hormonal or radiological markers reliably predicted tumor progression. SRS before BADX and higher hydrocortisone doses might offer protection. Tumor control often needed a multimodal approach, with limited success from medical therapy alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics, surgical and endocrinological outcomes of sellar and parasellar masses in pediatric patients: a single-center experience.","authors":"Zümrüt Kocabey Sütçü, Emel Hatun Aytaç Kaplan, Buruç Erkan, Hasan Önal","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01572-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-025-01572-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and endocrinological follow-up findings of pediatric patients who underwent surgical treatment for sellar and parasellar masses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven patients who underwent surgical treatment for sellar and parasellar masses between January 2021 and January 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were followed up in the pediatric endocrinology clinic. Demographic characteristics, clinical findings, surgical approaches, histopathological diagnoses, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Endocrinological assessments were performed using standardized hormone assays with age- and sex-specific reference ranges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight (59.6%) patients were female, with a median age of 10.1 years (range: 2.5-17.5). The most common presenting complaint was headache (46.8%), followed by visual impairment (27.7%) and short stature (14.9%). Histopathological examination revealed non-pituitary masses in 35 (74.5%) patients, with craniopharyngioma being the most frequent (44.7%). An endoscopic approach was used in 42 (89.4%) patients, and total resection was achieved in 30 (63.8%) patients. Panhypopituitarism developed in 27 (57.4%) patients postoperatively, representing a significant increase from preoperative rates (10.6%, p < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 2.5 years, recurrence occurred in 10 (21.3%) patients and mortality in 11 (23.4%) patients. Patients with non-pituitary tumors had significantly higher rates of re-operation (37.1% vs. 0%, p = 0.012) and mortality (31.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.024) compared to those with pituitary tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical management of pediatric sellar and parasellar masses carries significant risk of endocrinological complications, particularly panhypopituitarism. A multidisciplinary approach combining appropriate surgical technique selection, comprehensive endocrinological evaluation, and long-term follow-up is essential for optimal patient outcomes. Non-pituitary masses, especially craniopharyngioma, are associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum IGF-1 May be less reliable when assessing the GH-IGF-1 axis in the elderly.","authors":"Angelo Milioto, Gudmundur Johannsson, Daniela Esposito","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01575-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-025-01575-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent growth hormone pituitary adenomas: a single-center study.","authors":"Tongxin Xiao, Xinxin Mao, Xueqing Zheng, Ran Li, Linjie Wang, Yong Yao, Kan Deng, Fengying Gong, Hui Pan, Lin Lu, Huijuan Zhu, Lian Duan","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01574-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11102-025-01574-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize the clinicopathological features and metabolic profiles of silent growth hormone pituitary adenomas (SGH-PAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The single-center retrospective study identified SGH-PAs from 1387 surgically treated non-functioning PAs at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (2019-2023). Controls included 407 consecutive cases with non-functioning gonadotropin pituitary adenomas (NFG-PAs) and 90 age and gender-matched acromegaly patients. Baseline and postoperative hormonal assessments, pituitary imaging features, pathological classification, metabolic comorbidity, and follow-up outcome were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>45 cases of SGH-PA (3.2%) were identified from 1387 non-functioning PAs. The pathological subtypes included 18 (40%) acidophil stem cell adenomas, 11(24%) immature PIT1-lineage tumors, 5 sparsely granulated GH tumors, 5 mammosomatotroph tumors, 4 mature plurihormonal PIT1 lineage tumors, and 2 plurihormonal pituitary tumors. Compared to controls, SGH-PAs showed modestly elevated proliferation (median Ki-67 3% vs. 2% in both acromegaly [p = 0.002] and NFG-PAs [p = 0.011]) without outstanding increases in tumor invasiveness (Knosp 3-4: 20-30% across groups) at baseline or 2-year recurrence. Baseline metabolic comorbidities paralleled NFG-PA profiles for hypertension (22%) and diabetes (8.9%), with reduced dyslipidemia prevalence (17.8% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.049). No case of SGH-PAs transforming into acromegaly was confirmed during 77 person-years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SGH-PAs represent approximately 3% of nonfunctioning PAs undergoing surgery. Multiple anterior pituitary hormones are commonly co-expressed. These tumors may be more proliferative, but the baseline aggressiveness in radiology and short-term recurrence rates are similar.</p>","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12426092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should children born small for gestational age without catch-up growth be tested for growth hormone deficiency?","authors":"Gianluca Tornese","doi":"10.1007/s11102-025-01571-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-025-01571-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20202,"journal":{"name":"Pituitary","volume":"28 5","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}