Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Prior adolescent oxycodone exposure enhances pain sensitivity following chronic intermittent ethanol in adult female mice","authors":"Lisa L. Wilson ,&nbsp;Lucas Albrechet-Souza ,&nbsp;Linh Ha ,&nbsp;Nicholas W. Gilpin ,&nbsp;Tiffany A. Wills","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The opioid crisis remains a critical public health concern, with rising rates of overdose and opioid use disorder. While opioids are effective for managing pain, both chronic use and withdrawal are associated with increased pain sensitivity. Although most prior research has focused on adults, opioid use during adolescence is common and linked to a heightened risk for developing alcohol use disorder and other forms of substance misuse. Like opioids, acute alcohol use can be analgesic, but chronic alcohol exposure and withdrawal lead to increased pain sensitivity. However, the interactive effects of adolescent opioid and adult alcohol exposure on pain remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether adolescent oxycodone exposure (AOE) alters the development of mechanical and thermal sensitivity following adult chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor exposure in male and female mice. AOE alone induced transient mechanical but not thermal hypersensitivity in both sexes, which resolved within six days of cessation. In adulthood, CIE exposure induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in both sexes. Importantly, a prior history of AOE prolonged CIE-induced hypersensitivity in female, but not male mice. Additionally, females with combined AOE and CIE exposure exhibited enhanced hypersensitivity in the Randall–Selitto test compared to all other groups. These findings demonstrate that AOE increases vulnerability to pain-related effects of adult CIE exposure in females. This work highlights the importance of studying poly-drug interactions across developmental windows and underscores the need to include both sexes in preclinical models of pain and substance use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome mediates the causal relationship between chronic kidney disease and cognitive dysfunction: a mendelian randomization study","authors":"Lv Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhitian Wang ,&nbsp;Mengxue Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li,&nbsp;Qingguo Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cognitive dysfunction is still debated, and the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction caused by CKD are still not fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the potential genetic causality between CKD and cognitive dysfunction using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Furthermore, mediated Mendelian randomization was used to investigate potential genetic mechanisms. A total of 15 genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets were utilized: six for CKD-related traits (<em>N</em> ≈ 25,000–383,000), eight for cognitive traits (<em>N</em> ≈ 50,000–460,000) from the IEU OpenGWAS database, and one for gut microbiota from the MiBioGen consortium (<em>N</em> = 18,340).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study utilizes a two-step Mendelian randomization approach to establish a causal link between chronic kidney disease and cognitive dysfunction, with the gut microbiome playing a pivotal mediating role. The study underscores the complex relationship between renal function markers—particularly creatinine, which shows a positive correlation with cognitive performance—and cognitive health, while also pointing to the modifiable nature of specific gut microbes, such as the Eubacterium fissicatena group, as potential influencers of cognitive decline. Additionally, methanogens' presence in diseases and their dual role in inflammation suggest a complex impact on health that warrants deeper investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study found a causal link between CKD and cognitive dysfunction, with the gut microbiome acting as a mediator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short- and long-term captivity impacts on bird memory, corticosterone level, and oxidative stress genes: Perspectives on deep learning analysis","authors":"Rewan K Hassaneen ,&nbsp;Yomn M Mobarak ,&nbsp;Lamis M.F. El-Baz ,&nbsp;Haitham Farouk ,&nbsp;Hussien Sharaf ,&nbsp;Hani S. Hafez","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Captivity can harm birds' behavior despite receiving care. The effects of captivity on birds' brain function have not been well studied. This study examined the effects of one-day and seven-day captivity stress on corticosterone levels, memory through novel object and place recognition, and Nrf2, cyclin D, and BMP4 gene expression as inflammatory indicators in hooded crows (<em>Corvus cornix</em>), common mynas (<em>Acridotheres tristis</em>), and cattle egrets (<em>Bubulcus ibis</em>). Developing a deep learning analysis to monitor birds' head, leg, wing, and tail movements during novel object and place recognition enhances understanding of avian behavior, cognition, and response, which were assessed using the VGG16 neural network on video footage. Monitoring the head, legs, wings, and tail movements of birds during novel object recognition enhances the understanding of avian visual processing and cognitive abilities, providing insights into environmental interactions. The novelty index showed negative values for novel object detection in the three bird species during captivity, suggesting impaired identification. Corticosterone levels were significantly elevated after 30 min of captivity (P&lt; 0.05) and stabilized by the end of the first day of captivity. Additionally, the gene expression of Nrf2, cyclin D, and BMP4 in the Wulst region was measured using qRT-PCR, which revealed variable responses among the bird species and genes with downregulation of neuroprotection and plasticity gene Nrf2 in seven days of captivity. Birds in long-term captivity during novel object detection showed reduced exploration and poorer cognitive performance. Deep learning was used to identify bird organ use during exploration behavior. Both captivity conditions negatively impacted avian behavior, affecting novel object identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential long-term effects of physical, social, and psychological stressors in male mice: down-regulation of inflammatory markers and unresponsiveness of the antioxidant system","authors":"Vitalii Balatskyi ,&nbsp;Dmytro Gospodaryov ,&nbsp;Oleksandra Abrat ,&nbsp;Olha Strilbytska ,&nbsp;Oleh Demianchuk ,&nbsp;Anastasiia Tkachyk ,&nbsp;Oksana Vasylyshyn ,&nbsp;Oleh Lushchak ,&nbsp;Volodymyr I. Lushchak ,&nbsp;Maria Bayliak","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term molecular consequences associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are poorly understood. Our study examined the long-term (up to five months) metabolic consequences of acute and chronic traumatic factors, including physical (2-hour restraint), psychological (predator sound), and social (social isolation) stressors, in C57BL/6 J male mice. In the open field test, mice exposed to all stressors displayed anxiety-like behavior for up to one month. Additionally, predator sound triggered a fear response, monitored as decreased locomotion and increased defecation. Behavioral consequences were lost after eight weeks of stress exposure. Approximately five months after stress exposure, mice from all groups showed elevated corticosterone levels in blood plasma with no changes in lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in the cerebral cortex. However, differences were observed in hematological parameters and mRNA levels in the cortex. Mice exposed to predator sound had higher total leukocyte count and higher levels of immature neutrophils, lower blood paraoxonase and myeloperoxidase activities, compared to controls. All stressed groups had lower mRNA levels of indirect inflammation markers <em>CCL2</em> and <em>CYP1A1</em> and higher mRNA levels of <em>PPARGC1A, SHANK1,</em> and <em>SGK1</em> genes, whose products are indirectly associated with the regulation of neuronal function. Socially isolated mice additionally showed lower mRNA levels of <em>IL-6</em> but higher mRNA levels of <em>FKBP5</em>, a regulator of glucocorticoid receptor activity in the cerebral cortex, and higher plasma IL-1β levels<em>.</em> Thus, our results suggest that exposure of adult male mice to both acute and chronic traumatic stressors leads to long-term metabolic consequences as suppression of inflammation and dysregulation of glucocorticoid-mediated stress response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of self-touch and social-touch on peripheral oxytocin concentrations: A study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Sabrina von Au ,&nbsp;Nina Marsh ,&nbsp;Vanessa Jeske ,&nbsp;Rene Hurlemann ,&nbsp;Hedda Lausberg","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Loneliness and its impact on health is one of the major challenges for individuals worldwide. Pleasant <em>social-touch</em> has been shown to promotes well-being, mediated among others by oxytocin release. However, <em>social-touch</em> is not always available. In contrast, <em>self-touch</em> is constantly available. Its effects on oxytocin have been hardly investigated. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of oxytocin in <em>self-touch</em> in order to gain a better understanding on how <em>self-touch</em> may serve as a substitute in the absence of pleasant <em>social-touch</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, saliva samples in a total of 30 healthy participants (mean age 26.2; 10 women in the follicular phase, 10 women in the luteal phase, 10 men) were collected to assess the peripheral oxytocin concentrations in two experimental conditions: (i) before and after <em>self-touch,</em> and (ii) before and after <em>social-touch</em>. In order to examine more natural and dynamic <em>self-</em> and <em>social-touch</em> as they occur in everyday life, different subtypes of touch (<em>phasic, irregular, repetitive</em>) were applied. The study examines factors previously reported to influence oxytocin release (gender, menstrual cycle, <em>social-touch</em> deprivation).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both, <em>self-touch</em> and <em>social-touch</em> significantly led to increased oxytocin concentrations. In both experimental conditions female participants in the luteal phase showed higher oxytocin concentrations than those in the follicular phase.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate for the first time that a natural and dynamic <em>self-touch</em> intervention leads to elevated peripheral oxytocin concentrations. Therefore, these results suggest that <em>self-touch</em> may substitute pleasant <em>social-touch</em>, particularly in females during the luteal phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Both obesogenic and isocalorically-controlled diets drive changes in microbiota composition in a sex-dependent manner in mice","authors":"Ashley M. Loeven ,&nbsp;Amber N. Brown ,&nbsp;Francis U. Ebuara ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Jones ,&nbsp;Debra Ann Fadool","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have observed the loss of structure and function of olfactory circuits following consumption of excess dietary fat as maintained by isocaloric feeding. Because changes in microbiome composition have not been examined during this type of diet that does not induce overt obesity, we performed isocaloric feeding of a moderately high-fat (MHF) diet, and assessed gut microbiome changes over 5 months by sequencing the 16s V4 region in fecal samples. MHF diet similarly reduced alpha diversity in both isocaloric and <em>ad libitum</em> fat-fed animals by 5 months. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity analysis revealed unique beta diversity in each dietary group in female mice at 3 and 5 months, while fat-fed groups of male mice were not different. Elevated abundance of Firmicutes was found in all MHF <em>ad libitum</em> fed male and female mice. Bacteroidetes was reduced in all MHF-fed male mice, but only female mice fed the MHF diet <em>ad libitum. Allobaculum</em> abundance was positively associated with MHF <em>ad libitum</em> feeding, while <em>Muribaculaceae</em> abundance exhibited a negative association. Notable graded-abundance associations between <em>ad libitum</em> control-fat fed, isocalorically fat-fed, and <em>ad libitum</em> fat-fed mice were observed for bacteria such as <em>Lactobacillus salivarius</em>; providing insight into effects of dietary fat consumption vs. overconsumption. Transient abundance changes, observed with <em>Ruminococcaceae,</em> for example, capture microbial dynamics reflective of diet-induced obesity onset that were not sustained in chronic obesity. We conclude that the gut microbiome is differentially modulated by consumption of excess dietary fat vs. overconsumption of excess dietary fat leading to obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of goat yogurt enriched with Cereus jamacaru DC. modulates the gut-brain axis inducing anxiolytic-like behavior in young rats","authors":"Larissa Maria Gomes Dutra ,&nbsp;Jailane de Souza Aquino ,&nbsp;Maria Elizângela Ferreira Alves ,&nbsp;Renally de Lima Moura ,&nbsp;Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Marcelo Sobral da Silva ,&nbsp;Josean Fechine Tavares ,&nbsp;Fábio Anderson Pereira da Silva ,&nbsp;Valquíria Cardoso da Silva Ferreira ,&nbsp;Wydemberg Jose de Araújo ,&nbsp;Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas ,&nbsp;Vanessa Bordin Viera ,&nbsp;Diego Elias Pereira ,&nbsp;Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consuming goat’s milk yogurt supplemented with mandacaru cladode flour on anxiety-related behavior and the gut–brain axis in young rats. The animals were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG), which received distilled water; the Goat’s Milk Yoghurt Group (YG), treated with pure goat’s milk yoghurt; and a Goat’s Milk Yoghurt with Mandacaru Group (YGM), which received goat’s milk yoghurt supplemented with 7 % mandacaru cladode flour. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using the Elevated Plus Maze, Open Field, and Light–Dark Box tests. Levels of malondialdehyde, carbonyl compounds, and the brain fatty acid profile were also evaluated. The YG and YGM groups spent more time in the open arms and in the center of the maze compared to the CG, with the YGM group showing a greater time and number of entries into the open arms than the YG group. Both groups exhibited increased locomotion, rearing behavior, and spent less time in the corners of the open field in comparison to the CG, with the YGM group showing greater ambulation than the YG group. In the light–dark box, both YG and YGM groups remained longer in the light compartment than the CG. A reduction in brain malondialdehyde and carbonyl compound levels was observed in both the YG and YGM groups. The YGM group also showed positive modulation of the fecal microbiota, with increased microbial diversity and richness, particularly an increase in the beneficial genera <em>Blautia</em> and <em>Fusicatenibacter</em>, compared to both the YG and CG groups. In conclusion, the consumption of goat’s milk yogurt enriched with mandacaru cladode flour modulated the gut–brain axis in young rats, contributing to the induction of anxiolytic-like behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to high-energy diet reduces cue-evoked dopamine in obesity-resistant but not obesity-prone female rats","authors":"Greta Lommi,&nbsp;Lorenz Klein,&nbsp;Thomas A. Lutz,&nbsp;Christina N. Boyle","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mesolimbic dopamine system is a critical neural pathway that contributes to reward processing and motivation through the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) from neurons originating in the ventral tegmental area. Various factors, like intake of palatable foods and obesity, can alter dopamine release and subsequent behaviors. In this study, using a polygenic rat model of obesity, we investigated if the mesolimbic dopamine system responds differently after exposure to high-energy (HE) diet in female rats that are obesity-prone (DIO) or obesity-resistant (DR). We approached this by combining a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm – in which the presentation of a rewarding sugar pellet was preceded by a light cue – and <em>in vivo</em> fiber photometry. Results revealed a significant decrease in cue-evoked dopamine in DR rats after HE diet exposure, contrasting with the unchanged response in DIO rats. This reduction in dopamine activity may signify reduced salience for the sucrose-reward in DR rats, potentially serving as an adaptive mechanism preventing excessive overeating and weight gain, consistent with the lack of body weight gain when consuming high-energy diet. Moreover, DR rats exhibited lower reward-seeking behavior compared to DIO rats, indicating a differential, but innate, responsiveness to the rewarding stimuli between the obesity-prone and -resistance phenotypes. In conclusion, the study offers new evidence showing that dopamine signaling in the NAc responds differently following exposure to HE diet in DIO and DR rats, shedding light on potential adaptive mechanisms that protect against excessive weight gain and altered motivation for rewards. Understanding these mechanisms could offer insights into managing obesity-related behaviors and associated neurobiological responses in an obesogenic environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144848341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture waggle needling alleviates spastic movement disorder in post-stroke rats via GLT-1 activation to modulate Glu/GABA-Gln cycle","authors":"Zhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang-Xiao Ma ,&nbsp;Jie-Dan Mu ,&nbsp;Meng-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Xu Qian ,&nbsp;Qin-Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ling-Hui Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-stroke spastic movement disorder (PS-SMD) significantly hinder the rehabilitation of stroke survivors, and evidence suggests that acupuncture yields favorable efficacy for this condition. However, the precise mechanisms of acupuncture effects remain elusive. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms of a classic motion-style acupuncture method, waggle needling, in alleviating PS-SMD via the lens of the Glu/GABA-Gln cycle. Firstly, multiple behavioral assessments including neurologic function scale, muscle tone scale, open field test, balance beam test, and gait analysis, and electrophysiological test were utilized, to investigate acupuncture’s effects on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model with spastic motor impairment. Then, ELISA, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence were used to illustrate the expression alterations of the key proteins in the Glu/GABA-Gln cycle. Lastly, pharmacological interventions using GLT-1 inhibitor and agonist were performed to investigate their impacts on acupuncture’s effects. We found that acupuncture alleviated neural damage and muscle spasticity, enhanced autonomous locomotion, motor balance and gait symmetry, and alleviated spinal hyperreflexia in PS-SMD rats. These effects were associated with the enhanced expressions of GLT-1, GAD65/67, GS, and VGAT in the ischemic cortical motor area, leading to the restoration of the Glu/GABA balance. Acupuncture-induced effects were partially attenuated by GLT-1 inhibitor, whereas GLT-1 agonist partially recapitulated these effects. Our results demonstrate that acupuncture waggle needling may improve motor behaviors and alleviate spinal hyperreflexia of PS-SMD rats by modulating the Glu/GABA-Gln cycle via GLT-1 to facilitate the restoration of the Glu/GABA equilibrium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of EP-1 exposure during lactation on the emotion, social behavior, gonadal metabolomics, and related receptors in the brains of adult offspring in Kunming mice","authors":"Chendong Wu,&nbsp;Miao Cheng,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Xiang Ji,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Peng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infertility control with EP-1 (quinestrol: levonorgestrel = 1:2) has proven effective in a variety of rodents. Previous studies have focused on the effects of EP-1 in terms of sterility; however, little is known about its cross-generational impact. In this study, the emotional and social behavior, gonadal metabolomics, serum hormone levels, and related brain receptors in adult offspring were examined following exposure to EP-1 (3 or 5 mg/kg), which was administered to dams 3 and 10 days postnatally by gavage. The results showed that EP-1 exposure enhanced anxiety-like behavior in males and diminished social behavior in both females and males. EP-1 exposure reduced the levels of <em><span>l</span>-glutamine</em> and <em><span>l</span>-glutamic acid</em> in the ovaries and those of <em><span>l</span>-glutamine, L‑serine</em>, and <em><span>l</span>-phenylalanine</em> in the testes, possibly resulting in metabolic abnormality and decreased estradiol and testosterone levels in serum. Furthermore, EP-1 exposure increased the expression of dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), estrogen receptor α (ERα) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), and that of ERα in the ventrolateral region of ventromedial hypothalami of females; contrastingly, it decreased the expression of vesicular GABA transporter in the medial amygdala while increasing that of D1R in the NAc and that of ERα and OTR in the MPOA of individual males. In conclusion, EP-1 exposure during lactation enhanced anxiety-like behavior in males, reduced sociality, affected gonadal function, reduced sex hormone levels, and altered the relative expression of receptors in the brain regions that regulate social behaviors in all offspring mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 115057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}