Physics in medicine and biology最新文献

{"title":"Deep learning-based segmentation of head and neck organs at risk on CBCT images with dosimetric assessment for radiotherapy.","authors":"Lucía Cubero, Cédric Hémon, Anaïs Barateau, Joël Castelli, Renaud de Crevoisier, Oscar Acosta, Javier Pascau","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adbf63","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6560/adbf63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become an essential tool in head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy (RT) treatment delivery. Automatic segmentation of the organs at risk (OARs) on CBCT can trigger and accelerate treatment replanning but is still a challenge due to the poor soft tissue contrast, artifacts, and limited field-of-view of these images, alongside the lack of large, annotated datasets to train deep learning (DL) models. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework to segment 25 HN OARs on CBCT to facilitate treatment replanning.<i>Approach.</i>The proposed framework was developed in three steps: (i) refining an in-house framework to segment 25 OARs on CT; (ii) training a DL model to segment the same OARs on synthetic CT (sCT) images derived from CBCT using contours propagated from CT as ground truth, integrating high-contrast information from CT and texture features of sCT; and (iii) validating the clinical relevance of sCT segmentations through a dosimetric analysis on an external cohort.<i>Main results.</i>Most OARs achieved a dice score coefficient over 70%, with mean average surface distances of 1.30 mm for CT and 1.27 mm for sCT. The dosimetric analysis demonstrated a strong agreement in the mean dose and D2 (%) values, with most OARs showing non-significant differences between automatic CT and sCT segmentations.<i>Significance.</i>These results support the feasibility and clinical relevance of using DL models for OAR segmentation on both CT and CBCT for HNC RT.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HWA-ResMamba: automatic segmentation of coronary arteries based on residual Mamba with high-order wavelet-enhanced convolution and attention feature aggregation.","authors":"Jinzhong Yang, Peng Hong, Lu Wang, Lisheng Xu, Dongming Chen, Chengbao Peng, An Ping, Benqiang Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc0dd","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc0dd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Automatic segmentation of coronary arteries is a crucial prerequisite in assisting in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, due to the fuzzy boundaries, small-slender branches, and significant individual variations, automatic segmentation of coronary arteries is extremely challenging.<i>Approach.</i>This study proposes a residual Mamba with high-order wavelet-enhanced convolution and attention feature aggregation (HWA-ResMamba) for coronary arteries segmentation. The network consists of three core modules: high-order wavelet-enhanced convolution block (HWCB), residual Mamba (ResMamba), and attention feature aggregation (AFA) module. Firstly, the HWCB captures low-frequency information of the image in the shallow layers of the network, allowing for detailed exploration of subtle changes in the boundaries of coronary arteries. Secondly, the ResMamba module establishes long-range dependencies between features in the deep layers of the encoder and at the beginning of the decoder, improving the continuity of the segmentation process. Finally, the AFA module in the decoder reduces semantic differences between the encoder and decoder, which can capture small-slender coronary artery branches and further improve segmentation accuracy.<i>Main results.</i>Experiments on three coronary artery segmentation datasets have shown that the HWA-ResMamba outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in performance and generalization. Specifically, in the self-built dataset, HWA-ResMamba obtained Dice of 0.8857 and Hausdorff Distance (HD) of 1.9028, outperforming nnUnet by 0.0521, and 0.5489, respectively. HWA-ResMamba obtained Dice of 0.8371, and 0.7861 in the two public datasets, outperforming nnUnet by 0.0255, and 0.0107, respectively.<i>Significance.</i>Our method can accurately segment coronary arteries and can contribute to improved diagnosis and assessment of CAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Advances in online and real-time adaptive radiotherapy.","authors":"F Albertini, A McWilliam, B Winey","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/adc183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-high energy spectral prompt PET.","authors":"Satyajit Ghosh, Valerio Cosmi, Ruud M Ramakers, Freek J Beekman, Marlies C Goorden","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adbfd7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6560/adbfd7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Utilizing prompt gammas in preclinical pinhole-collimated positron emission tomography (PET) avoids image degradation due to positron range blurring and photon down scatter, enables multi-isotope PET and can improve counting statistics for low-abundance positron emitters. This was earlier reported for¹²⁴I,⁸⁹Zr and simultaneous¹²⁴I -¹⁸F PET using the VECTor scanner (MILabs, The Netherlands), demonstrating sub-mm resolution despite long positron ranges. The aim of the present study is to investigate if such sub-mm PET imaging is also feasible for a large variety of other isotopes including those with extremely high energy prompt gammas (>1 MeV) or with complex emission spectra of prompt gammas.<i>Approach.</i>We use Monte Carlo simulations to assess achievable image resolutions and uniformity across a broad range of spectrum types and emitted prompt gamma energies (603 keV-2.2 MeV), using⁵²Mn,⁹⁴Tc,⁸⁹Zr,⁴⁴Sc,⁸⁶Y,⁷²As,¹²⁴I,³⁸K, and⁶⁶Ga.<i>Main results.</i>Our results indicate that sub-millimeter resolution imaging may be feasible for almost all isotopes investigated, with the currently used cluster pinhole collimators. At prompt gamma energies of 603 keV of¹²⁴I, an image resolution of ∼0.65 mm was achieved, while for emissions at 703, 744, 834, and 909 keV of⁹⁴Tc,⁵²Mn,⁷²As, and⁸⁹Zr, respectively, ∼0.7 mm resolution was obtained. Finally, at ultra-high energies of 1.2 (⁴⁴Sc) and 1.4 MeV (⁵²Mn) resolutions of ∼0.75 mm and ∼0.8 mm could still be achieved although ring artifacts were observed at the highest energies (1.4 MeV). For³⁸K (2.2 MeV), an image resolution of 1.2 mm was achieved utilizing its 2.2 MeV prompt emission.<i>Significance.</i>This work shows that current cluster pinhole collimators are suitable for sub-mm resolution prompt PET up till at least 1.4 MeV. This may open up new avenues to developing new tracer applications and therapies utilizing these PET isotopes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of magnetic field sensing with optically pumped magnetometers for magnetic detection electrical impedance tomography.","authors":"Kai Mason, Florencia Maurino-Alperovich, Kirill Aristovich, David Holder","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc0df","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc0df","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Magnetic detection electrical impedance tomography (MDEIT) is a novel technique that could enable non-invasive imaging of fast neural activity in the brain. However, commercial magnetometers are not suited to its technical requirements. The purpose of this work was to optimise the number, orientation and size of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) for MDEIT and inform the future development of MDEIT-specific magnetometers.<i>Approach.</i>Computational modelling was used to perform forward and inverse MDEIT modelling. Images were reconstructed using three sensing axes, arrays of 16 to 160 magnetometers, and cell sizes ranging from 1 to 18 mm. Image quality was evaluated visually and with the weighted spatial variance.<i>Main results.</i>Single-axis measurements normal to the surface provided the best image quality, and image quality increased with an increase in sensor number and size. The optimal sensing arrangement balancing image quality and practical implementation was measurement normal to the surface of the scalp using between 48 and 96 magnetometers with a cubic cell with an 18 mm side length.<i>Significance.</i>This study can inform future OPM design, showing the size of the vapour cell need not be constrained to that of commercially available OPMs, and that the development of a small array of single-axis, highly sensitive, high-bandwidth OPMs should be prioritised for fast neural MDEIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pre-Clinical PET Scanner Based on a Monolithic Annulus of Scintillator (AnnPET): Construction and NU4-2008 Performance Testing.","authors":"Raymond R Raylman, Alexander V Stolin, Gangadhar Jaliparthi, Peter F Martone","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/adc537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the past several decades, numerous PET scanners of various designs have been constructed for use in pre-clinical studies. Our group is investigating use of a monolithic annulus of scintillator, instead of the traditional arrays of discrete scintillator elements or individual detectors that utilize continuous blocks of scintillator, to construct a novel pre-clinical PET scanner. &#xD;&#xD;Approach: This scanner, called AnnPET, is based on a fourteen-faceted annulus of LYSO with an inner diameter of 6 cm and length of 7.2 cm. Each facet is populated with four specially constructed 4  4 arrays of 4 mm  4 mm MPPCs. To cool and temperature stabilize these devices, the scanner gantry is immersed in dielectric fluid. Positioning of events in the scintillator is accomplished with the application of deep-residual convolutional neural network. The scanner's performance was assessed using the NEMA NU4-2008 protocols. &#xD;&#xD;Results: Full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of the images of a point source reconstructed with the single slice rebinned filtered backprojection (SSRB-FBP) algorithm at 5 mm from the center of the scanner are: 1.40 mm (radial), 1.38 mm (tangential) and 1.40 mm (axial). At 18 mm from scanner center (edge of the scanner's inner bore) the FWHMs are: 1.62 mm (radial), 1.43 mm (tangential) and 1.48 mm (axial) (FWHM). Peak detection sensitivity is 9.5% (0.086 cps/Bq). Peak noise equivalent count rate (NECR) is 234 kcps at 14.4 MBq. &#xD;&#xD;Significance: Overall, testing of the AnnPET system demonstrated very promising performance results for a pre-clinical PET scanner based on a single, cooled annulus of monolithic scintillator used with neural networks. Continued development of the system is planned. &#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and dosimetric evaluation of a modulated intraoperative radiotherapy (mIORT) system using the Zeiss intrabeam device.","authors":"Xavier Jones, Gabor Neveri, Marsha Chin, Pejman Rowshanfarzad","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc06f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc06f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a specialised radiotherapy technique that delivers a precise, single high-dose fraction to the tumour bed after surgical removal of the tumour, aiming to eliminate residual cancer cells. This study investigates the incorporation of novel applicators into an existing IORT system to enable dose modulation, performing Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, 3D printing, and experimental validation. The Zeiss Intrabeam IORT device, a low-kV IORT system capable of delivering x-rays nearly isotropically, with energies up to 50 kV, was used in this study.<i>Approach.</i>Applicators were modified to alter dose distributions, incorporating features such as shielding or changes to an ellipsoid shape. The EGSnrc MC code was employed to simulate the dose distributions of each applicator design, generating data such as dose maps, percentage depth dose (PDD) curves, per cent difference maps between shielded and unshielded regions, and energy spectra to characterise each applicator. Gafchromic EBT3 film measurements were performed on select 3D printed applicators, to verify the MC simulations, with dose distribution data extracted for comparison.<i>Main Results.</i>Visual comparisons of dose and percentage different maps indicate a high correlation between the MC simulations and film measurements. Most PDD points for spherical applicators showed deviations within 4%, while ellipsoid applicators had deviations of 14% for the unshielded and 5% for the shielded applicators. All Root Mean Square Error (RMSEs) were below 0.05 for spherical and 0.18 for ellipsoid designs. Based on film data, shielded ellipsoid applicators reduced the dose by ∼99%, 48%, 22%, and 8% at 0.3, 1, 2, and 3 cm, respectively, while shielded spherical applicators achieved ∼83%, 35%, 14%, and 7% reductions at the same distances. Energy spectra for photons exiting shielded regions were also generated.<i>Significance.</i>Results of this study may be used in the development of patient-specific IORT techniques, or the development of a treatment planning system involving mIORT.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-based energy spectrum optimization (PESO): a new method to model the energy spectrum of a compact ultra-high dose rate electron linac for Monte Carlo dose calculation.","authors":"Samuel Audet, William Beaulieu, Karim Zerouali, Dominique Guillet, Hugo Bouchard, Arthur Lalonde","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc4b9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/adc4b9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is an emerging treatment modality that delivers ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) to achieve effective tumor control while minimizing damage to healthy tissues-a phenomenon known as the FLASH effect. Accurate modeling of the electron energy spectrum is essential for UHDR linacs used in FLASH-RT to ensure reliable dose calculations and effective treatment planning. This study introduces a novel, physics-based method to reconstruct electron energy spectra specifically tailored for compact UHDR linacs lacking bending magnets, which present unique challenges for beam modeling.&#xD;&#xD;Approach: A physics-based energy spectrum optimization (PESO) algorithm was developed to model electron beam dynamics within a compact linac with minimal free parameters. The PESO approach was evaluated against two conventional methods-simulated annealing (SA) and Gaussian regression (GR)-using radiochromic film measurements in solid water phantoms for three applicator sizes (25 mm, 40 mm, and 60 mm) in both conventional and FLASH modes. Accuracy of the reconstructed isodoses and robustness against measurement errors was evaluated for each method.&#xD;&#xD;Main Results: We successfully implemented the PESO algorithm to resolve the electron beam dynamics as a function of the electric field within the waveguide. The method constrained the solution to physically plausible spectra and achieved superior dosimetric accuracy compared to both GR and SA for the 6 MeV UHDR beam, while producing results comparable to SA (and better than GR) for the 9 MeV UHDR beam. PESO also demonstrated reduced sensitivity to measurement errors and maintained consistency, even for the low-energy tail components of UHDR electron beams&#xD;&#xD;Significance: By incorporating physically based constraints into the beam modeling process, PESO offers improvements in the reliability and precision of electron energy spectrum reconstruction for UHDR linacs. This development addresses challenges in electron FLASH-RT dose calculation and may aid in the clinical implementation of FLASH radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regularized origin ensemble with a beam prior for range verification in particle therapy with Compton-camera data.","authors":"Jona Kasprzak, Jorge Roser, Julius Werner, Nadja Kohlhase, Andreas Bolke, Lisa-Marie Kaufmann, Magdalena Rafecas","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adbfd8","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6560/adbfd8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>. In particle therapy (PT), several methods are being investigated to help reduce range margins and identify deviations from the original treatment plan, such as prompt-gamma imaging with Compton cameras (CC). To reconstruct the images, the Origin Ensemble (OE) algorithm is commonly used. In the context of PT, artifacts and strong noise often affect CC images. To improve the ability of OE to identify range shifts, and also to enhance image quality, we propose to regularize OE using beam a-priori knowledge (<i>beam prior</i>).<i>Approach</i>. We implemented the beam prior to OE using the class of Gibbs' distribution functions. For evaluation, Monte-Carlo simulations of centered and off-center beams with therapeutic energies impinging on a PMMA target were conducted in GATE. To introduce range shifts, air layers were introduced into the target. In addition, the effect of a bone layer, closer to a realistic scenario, was investigated. OE with the beam prior (BP-OE) and conventional OE (reference) were compared using the spill-over-ratio (SOR) as well as shifts in the distal falloff in projections using cubic splines with Chebyshev nodes.<i>Main results</i>. BP-OE improved the shift estimates by up to 11% compared to conventional OE for centered and up to 250% with off-centered beams. BP-OE decreased the image noise level, improving the SOR significantly by up to 96%.<i>Significance</i>. BP-OE applied to CC data can improve shift estimations compared to conventional OE. The developed Gibbs-based regularization framework also allows further prior functions to be included into OE, for instance, smoothing or edge-preserving priors. BP-OE could be extended to PET-based range verification or multiple-beam scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound shear wave viscoelastography to characterize liver nodules.","authors":"Iman Rafati, Ladan Yazdani, Maxime Barat, Elige Karam, Audrey Fohlen, Bich N Nguyen, Hélène Castel, An Tang, Guy Cloutier","doi":"10.1088/1361-6560/adc4b8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/adc4b8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>&#xD;To investigate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US)-based shear wave speed (SWS), shear wave attenuation (SWA), and combination of them as shear wave viscoelastography (SWVE) methods in patients undergoing US to characterize focal liver nodules.&#xD;Materials and Methods:&#xD;In this prospective cross-sectional study, 70 patients with 72 nodules were enrolled. Investigational US and clinical MRI examinations were performed in all participants. The composite reference standard included MRI or histopathology to differentiate benign and malignant nodules. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to assess the combination of SWVE methods. Analyses included Mann-Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and computation of sensitivity and specificity at the point that maximized the Youden index.&#xD;Results:&#xD;Mean SWS was significantly higher in malignant than benign nodules (2.49 ± 0.76 m/s vs.1.72 ± 0.70, p<0.001), whereas SWA was lower (0.56 ± 0.30 vs. 1.10 ± 0.43 Np/m/Hz, p<0.001). To differentiate between malignant and benign nodules, SWS with a threshold of 2.43 m/s achieved a sensitivity of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.69) and a specificity of 0.88 (CI: 0.74-0.95). SWA with a threshold of 0.81 Np/m/Hz yielded a sensitivity of 0.81 (CI: 0.66-0.90) and a specificity of 0.74 (CI: 0.58-0.86). Combining these SWVE methods using a LDA resulted in a sensitivity of 0.81 (CI: 0.66-0.91) and a specificity of 0.86 (CI: 0.71-0.94).&#xD;Conclusion:&#xD;Malignant nodules had higher SWS and lower SWA than benign ones. The combination of SWS and SWA in a LDA classification algorithm increased the diagnostic performance.&#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20185,"journal":{"name":"Physics in medicine and biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}