David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0006
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"The Forms of the Late Civilisational Phase","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5 examines how the works of Christopher Dawson and Oswald Spengler shaped the vision of civilisational decline Jones developed across his poetry. Tracing the ways in which he drew upon their language, concepts, and even characters and embedded these into his Roman fragments and historical essays, elucidates the constructive dialogue Jones maintained with their works in his investigation of Roman and Western decline. This chapter pursues a contextualised close reading of Jones’s poetic representation of the late phase of civilisation, as a megalopolitan capitalist technocracy which ends in the brutality of Caesarian dictatorship and the decay of culture and religion. While Spengler encouraged his readers to embrace this totalitarian end, Jones and Dawson used their works to fight against the decline of the West. What emerges from Jones’s explorations is a belief in the creative potential of man-the-artist to reject standardisation and mechanisation, and to revivify culture in modernity.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117226761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0012
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"Rewriting Welsh History","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 11 explores Jones’s participation in a movement involving historians, such as Arthur Wade Wade-Evans, and prominent members of Plaid Cymru, which strove for a radical revision of Welsh history. Wales, in their estimation, was a nation that emerged from the Roman Empire, preserved its Roman religion and traditions, and upheld this unique inheritance into modernity. This chapter traces Jones’s deep engagement with Welsh nationalist ideas around Wales’s Roman origins. It highlights the reasons why these arguments challenged accepted visions of the Welsh as a historically defeated people and examines how Jones interweaved these provocative claims into his essays, poetry, paintings and letters. It pursues this analysis across key areas of his thought, including his characterisation of Welsh historical figures—such as Cunedda and Llywelyn the Last—his assertion of a Catholic tradition in Wales, and his belief that Welsh myth and literature preserved the remnants of Rome in Welsh culture.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"337 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123231922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0008
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"Investigating Cultural Decline","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 7 explores Jones’s belief that the classical and Christian heritages were under threat in the decline of Western civilisation. With close examination of his essays and letters, the chapter contextualises Jones’s approach to this inheritance. It traces, in particular, his deep concerns around the marginalisation of classics in the education system and the Second Vatican Council’s decision to vernacularise the Mass. While these fears position Jones within broader movements bent on preserving the unity of Western tradition, his own lack of a classical education and position as a Catholic convert appalled by the modernisation of the faith, encouraged him to fight even harder for cultural continuity. Jones, along with writers, classicists and Catholic intellectuals, and in line with associations like The Virgil Society, advocated a return to Rome—both historically and religiously—to reconnect to the origins of Western culture, reinforce the strength of this tradition and ensure its survival into the future.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128789875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0014
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The Conclusion reflects upon the paradoxical nature of Jones’s intricate and multifaceted reimagining of Rome. In his works, Rome is at once the ultimate symbol of destructive imperialism and decline and the rejuvenating cultural force which preserves the classical and Christian heritage so as to bequeath this to the West and, in particular, to Wales. The conclusion draws these ideas together though the analysis of two paintings—The Mother of the West (1942) and Y Cyfarchiad i Fair (1963)—and lays out the implications of this complex approach to the Roman past for our understanding of Jones’s work and thought. It makes the case for recognising Jones’s reception of Rome as the fascinating response of a creatively diverse and politically engaged artist to his own complicated sense of crisis in twentieth-century modernity.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122459682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0009
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"Reconnecting with Rome","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 8 focuses on Jones’s presentation of cultural decline. While he explored this issue across all of his works, his approach to the possibility of renewal is demonstrated most explicitly in the painted inscriptions which unite diverse fragments of ancient literature into new visual forms. Examining Jones’s inscriptional practice provides a way in to his vision of cultural inheritance and the process by which he believed that Rome had passed on the classical and spiritual heritage to the modern world. This chapter contextualises Jones’s developing understanding of cultural dynamics through focusing on the dialogues he maintained with three of his friends: Christopher Dawson, Jackson Knight, and T. S. Eliot. Jones’s engagement with their visions of Rome—in particular their arguments for the inclusive power of Catholicism and for the importance of Virgil in the Western tradition—is examined through close readings of his inscriptions alongside evidence drawn from archival letters, essays, and marginalia.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127677312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0013
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"Cultural Dynamics","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 12 explores Jones’s visualisation of cultural heritage as a Bridge between past and present and his belief that Welsh culture held an integral position in British and Western tradition. This chapter traces the ways in which Jones embedded this concept of cultural inheritance into his artistic works—including The Lord of Venedotia (1948) and CARA WALLIA DERELICTA (1959)—and established it as a structural principle in his poetry, for example in The Sleeping Lord (1974). It interrogates Jones’s attempt to foreground the unique nature of the relationship between Rome and Wales so as to justify the continuance of Welsh culture in modernity before turning to a discussion of the crucial role he allotted to poets in a period of decline. In this construction, Jones felt it was his duty to preserve and rejuvenate Welsh heritage for the benefit of all the inhabitants of Britain and all who share in the Western cultural tradition.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116003730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0004
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"Expanding the Roman Imperial Analogy","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 3 addresses Jones’s complex analogy between ancient and modern empires which would eventually include all the destructive regimes of his era. While the events of the 1930s only reinforced his distrust of British imperialism and communism, they also encouraged him to explore fascism’s claims to stand as a challenge to Western crisis. Jones’s fears of war, support of appeasement, rejection of capitalist democracy and even his Catholic identity drew him to sympathise with Adolf Hitler (raising questions around his response to anti-Semitic discourse), yet by the end of the Second World War he had come to reject all forms of fascism. This chapter maps the controversial journey of Jones’s thought and the shape it gave to his vision of Rome. It examines his sustained engagement with fascism—tracing the ways he interweaves fascist rhetoric of revived Roman Empires with his criticisms of other modern regimes—until Rome emerges as a symbol of pure totalitarian power.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129150504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0010
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"Jones’s Cultural Theory","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 9 examines Jones’s belief that human beings were fundamentally creative and that what they made was sacramental. Yet, in his mind, the Break between past and present was preventing these signs from being repeated and understood in modernity which was undermining the spiritual and cultural foundation of what it was to be human. The artist’s role in a period of decline was therefore to re-make these past signs anew in the present, a creative act of renewal that Jones conceptualised as anamnesis and founded on a complex vision of the Mass. This chapter explores Jones’s original theories of man-the-artist, anamnesis and the Bridge—which visualises cultural inheritance—and situates them in relation to The Anathemata (1952). For Jones, cultural preservation was a dynamic process of regeneration in which Rome came to have an essential role not only in Western culture, but more specifically, in the heritage of Britain and in the unique inheritance of Wales.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124953392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0011
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"Reimagining Cultural Decline","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 10 explores Jones’s sense of Welsh identity. While he had felt Welsh since childhood, Jones’s association with Wales became far more politicised across the later decades of his life. As an Anglo–Welsh writer—who lamented his inability to master the language—Jones was in some ways an outsider. Nevertheless, he fought alongside Welsh friends and contemporaries for the protection of the Welsh language and landscape. This chapter contextualises both Jones’s fear for the decline of Welsh culture and his responding decision to argue for a unique Roman inheritance for Wales, within the wider dialogues shaping twentieth-century Welsh nationalism. It demonstrates not only the similarities between Jones’s ideas and those of key members of Plaid Cymru—such as his close friend Saunders Lewis and Gwynfor Evans—but also highlights the ways in which these conceptions of Wales’s Roman origin were used to challenge prevailing assumptions around the value of English and Welsh inheritance.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116900717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Jones and RomePub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0007
Jasmine Hunter Evans
{"title":"The Antithesis of Culture and Civilisation","authors":"Jasmine Hunter Evans","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868194.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 traces the complex dialogue Jones maintained with the works of Oswald Spengler from the 1930s onwards. While in the past critics have tried to distance him from the controversy that surrounded Spengler, this chapter examines Jones’s theories as direct and provocative responses to the historian’s ideas. Only by doing so can Jones’s concepts of ‘the Break’ between past and present, and the antithesis of culture and civilisation (in particular, through the divisions of truth-men and fact-men and of the feminine and masculine principles), be recognised as creative reformulations of Spengler’s ideas. When considered in this context, his visual artworks and poetic fragments—including ‘The Dream of Private Clitus’ (c.1940), ‘The Agent’ (c.1940), ‘The Tribune’s Visitation’ (1958) and ‘The Tutelar of the Place’ (c.1960)—act as creative spaces in which Jones was able to challenge Spengler’s nihilistic vision of decline and fight for the renewal of culture.","PeriodicalId":201769,"journal":{"name":"David Jones and Rome","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127139812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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