Physical Review D最新文献

{"title":"Quantum maximum entropy closure for small flavor coherence","authors":"Julien Froustey, James P. Kneller, Gail C. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.063022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.063022","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum angular moment transport schemes are an important avenue toward describing neutrino flavor mixing phenomena in dense astrophysical environments such as supernovae and merging neutron stars. Successful implementation will require new closure relations that go beyond those used in classical transport. In this paper, we derive the first analytic expression for a quantum M1 closure, valid in the limit of small flavor coherence, based on the maximum entropy principle. We verify that the resulting closure relation has the appropriate limits and characteristic speeds in the diffusive and free-streaming regimes. We then use this new closure in a moment linear stability analysis to search for fast flavor instabilities in a binary neutron star merger simulation and find better results as compared with previously designed, , semiclassical closures. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum origin of Ohm’s reciprocity relation and its violation: Conductivity as inverse resistivity","authors":"Giorgio Frangi, Sašo Grozdanov","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.056010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.056010","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional wisdom teaches us that the electrical conductivity in a material is the inverse of its resistivity. In this work, we show that, when both of these transport coefficients are defined in linear response through the Kubo formulas as two-point correlators of conserved currents in quantum field theory, this Ohm’s reciprocity relation is generically violated in theories with dynamical electromagnetism. We then elucidate how in certain special limits (e.g., in the dc limit in the presence of thermal effects, in certain 2</a:mn>+</a:mo>1</a:mn>d</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> conformal theories, and in holographic supersymmetric theories) the reciprocity relation is reinstated as an emergent property of conductive and resistive transport. We also show that if the response of a material is measured with respect to the total electric field that includes quantum corrections, then the reciprocity relation is satisfied by definition. However, in that case, the transport coefficients are given by the photon vacuum polarization and not the correlators of conserved currents that dominate the hydrodynamic macroscopic late-time transport. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of first neutrino-induced nuclear recoil measurements in direct detection experiments: Probing nonstandard interaction via CEνNS","authors":"D. Aristizabal Sierra, N. Mishra, L. Strigari","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.055007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.055007","url":null,"abstract":"PandaX-4T and XENONnT have recently reported the first measurement of nuclear recoils induced by the B</a:mi></a:mrow>8</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts></a:mrow></a:math> solar neutrino flux, through the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (<d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:mrow><d:mi>CE</d:mi><d:mi>ν</d:mi><d:mi>NS</d:mi></d:mrow></d:math>) channel. As long anticipated, this is an important milestone for dark matter searches as well as for neutrino physics. This measurement means that these detectors have reached exposures such that searches for low mass, <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mo>≲</f:mo><f:mn>10</f:mn><f:mtext> </f:mtext><f:mtext> </f:mtext><f:mi>GeV</f:mi></f:math> dark matter cannot be analyzed using the background-free paradigm going forward. It also opens a new era for these detectors to be used as neutrino observatories. In this paper we assess the sensitivity of these new measurements to new physics in the neutrino sector. We focus on neutrino nonstandard interactions (NSI) and show that—despite the still moderately low statistical significance of the signals—these data already provide valuable information. We find that limits on NSI from PandaX-4T and XENONnT measurements are comparable to those derived using combined COHERENT CsI and LAr data. Furthermore, they provide sensitivity to pure <h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><h:mi>τ</h:mi></h:math> flavor parameters that are not accessible using stopped-pion or reactor sources. With larger exposures and consequently improvements of statistical uncertainties, forthcoming data from these experiments will provide important, novel results for <j:math xmlns:j=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><j:mi>CE</j:mi><j:mi>ν</j:mi><j:mi>NS</j:mi></j:math>-related physics. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total cross section of the process e++e−→Σ++Σ¯− including the D -meson loop and three-gluon contributions","authors":"Azad I. Ahmadov","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.056008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.056008","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we investigate the production of a baryon pair in e&lt;/a:mi&gt;+&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:msup&gt;e&lt;/a:mi&gt;−&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:msup&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt; annihilation to study the structure of baryons. To study the basic structure of the Standard Model, it is also necessary to consider the baryon-antibaryon pair production at the electron-positron linear collider. The production of a baryon pair in electron-positron annihilation provides a powerful tool at higher center-of-mass energies. In this work, we present phenomenological results for &lt;c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;c:msup&gt;&lt;c:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Σ&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;c:mo&gt;+&lt;/c:mo&gt;&lt;/c:msup&gt;&lt;c:msup&gt;&lt;c:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;c:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Σ&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;c:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/c:mo&gt;&lt;/c:mover&gt;&lt;c:mo&gt;−&lt;/c:mo&gt;&lt;/c:msup&gt;&lt;/c:math&gt; production in &lt;i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;i:msup&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;e&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;i:mo&gt;+&lt;/i:mo&gt;&lt;/i:msup&gt;&lt;i:msup&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;e&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;i:mo&gt;−&lt;/i:mo&gt;&lt;/i:msup&gt;&lt;/i:math&gt; collision at the BESIII Collider. We investigate a hyperon pair produced in the reaction &lt;k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;k:msup&gt;&lt;k:mi&gt;e&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;k:mo&gt;+&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;/k:msup&gt;&lt;k:msup&gt;&lt;k:mi&gt;e&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;k:mo&gt;−&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;/k:msup&gt;&lt;k:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;→&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;k:msup&gt;&lt;k:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Σ&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;k:mo&gt;+&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;/k:msup&gt;&lt;k:msup&gt;&lt;k:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;k:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Σ&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;k:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;/k:mover&gt;&lt;k:mo&gt;−&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;/k:msup&gt;&lt;/k:math&gt;. Two different contributions are considered: the &lt;r:math xmlns:r=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;r:mi&gt;D&lt;/r:mi&gt;&lt;/r:math&gt; meson loop and the three-gluon charmonium annihilation loop. Taking into account the contributions of the &lt;t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;t:mi&gt;D&lt;/t:mi&gt;&lt;/t:math&gt;-meson loop and three-gluon loops and the interference of all diagrams, we calculate the total cross section of the process &lt;v:math xmlns:v=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:msup&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mi&gt;e&lt;/v:mi&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mo&gt;+&lt;/v:mo&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;/v:msup&gt;&lt;v:msup&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mi&gt;e&lt;/v:mi&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mo&gt;−&lt;/v:mo&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;/v:msup&gt;&lt;v:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;→&lt;/v:mo&gt;&lt;v:msup&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Σ&lt;/v:mi&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mo&gt;+&lt;/v:mo&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;/v:msup&gt;&lt;v:msup&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Σ&lt;/v:mi&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/v:mo&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;/v:mover&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mrow&gt;&lt;v:mo&gt;−&lt;/v:mo&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;/v:msup&gt;&lt;/v:mrow&gt;&lt;/v:math&gt;. With respect to a purely electromagnetic mechanism, large relative phases are generated for these contributions. We obtain as a byproduct a fit of the electromagnetic form factor of the &lt;cb:math xmlns:cb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;cb:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Σ&lt;/cb:mi&gt;&lt;/cb:math&gt; hyperon for a large momentum transferred region. In this process, in addition to &lt;fb:math xmlns:fb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;fb:mi&gt;ψ&lt;/fb:mi&gt;&lt;fb","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axion-photon conversion down to the nonrelativistic regime","authors":"Clemente Smarra, Pierluca Carenza","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.063021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.063021","url":null,"abstract":"In the presence of a magnetic field, axions can convert into photons and vice versa. The phenomenology of the conversion is captured by a system of two coupled Klein-Gordon equations, which, assuming that the axion is relativistic, is usually recast into a pair of first-order Schrödinger-like equations. In such a limit, focusing on a constant magnetic field and plasma frequency, the equations admit an exact analytic solution. The relativistic limit significantly simplifies the calculations and, therefore, it is widely used in phenomenological applications. In this work, we discuss how to evaluate the axion-photon system evolution without relying on such relativistic approximation. In particular, we give an exact analytical solution, valid for any axion energy, in the case that both the magnetic field and plasma frequency are constant. Moreover, we devise an analytic perturbative expansion that allows for tracking the conversion probability in a slightly inhomogeneous magnetic field or plasma frequency, whose characteristic scale of variation is much larger than the typical axion-photon oscillation length. Finally, we discuss a case of resonant axion-photon conversion giving useful simplified formulae that might be directly applied to dark matter axions converting in neutron star magnetospheres. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental gravitational decoherence with a higher derivative theory","authors":"Linda M. van Manen","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.064035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.064035","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the decoherence in a quantum system induced by interaction with gravitational degrees of freedom that are part of a higher derivative theory. The deformation of a mass distribution due to gravitational waves acquires naturally a mass quadrupole moment. This adds higher derivative dynamics of the quadrupole moment to the unitary evolution of the system, where the quadrupole moment oscillates with the gravitational frequencies following a higher derivative theory. The consequence of higher derivatives in the dynamics is that four canonical variables describe the system. This departure from the usual particle position and momentum operators gives an entirely different interpretation of the decoherence basis. This model focuses on the open dynamics of the quadrupole moment, rather than on individual particles. As such, a short example is given to utilize quadrupole measurements to probe gravitational decoherence and noise. We first derive a Langevin equation for a lower derivative model and show how higher derivatives naturally emerge on the boundary. A quantum master equation is derived for the emerging quadrupole moment, considering that the environment is a higher derivative theory of gravity. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleon charges and σ -terms in lattice QCD","authors":"C. Alexandrou, S. Bacchio, J. Finkenrath, C. Iona, G. Koutsou, Y. Li, G. Spanoudes","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.054505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.054505","url":null,"abstract":"We determine the nucleon axial, scalar, and tensor charges and the nucleon σ</a:mi></a:math>-terms using twisted mass fermions. We employ three ensembles with approximately equal physical volume of about 5.5 fm, three values of the lattice spacing, approximately 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08 fm, and with the mass of the degenerate up and down, strange and charm quarks tuned to approximately their physical values. We compute both isovector and isoscalar charges and <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>σ</c:mi></c:math>-terms and their flavor decomposition including the disconnected contributions. We use the Akaike information criterion to evaluate systematic errors due to excited states and the continuum extrapolation. For the nucleon isovector axial charge we find <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msubsup><e:mi>g</e:mi><e:mi>A</e:mi><e:mrow><e:mi>u</e:mi><e:mo>−</e:mo><e:mi>d</e:mi></e:mrow></e:msubsup><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>1.250</e:mn><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</e:mo><e:mn>24</e:mn><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</e:mo></e:math>, in agreement with the experimental value. Moreover, we extract the nucleon <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mi>σ</i:mi></i:math>-terms and find for the light quark content <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:msub><k:mi>σ</k:mi><k:mrow><k:mi>π</k:mi><k:mi>N</k:mi></k:mrow></k:msub><k:mo>=</k:mo><k:mn>41.9</k:mn><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</k:mo><k:mn>8.1</k:mn><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</k:mo><k:mtext> </k:mtext><k:mtext> </k:mtext><k:mi>MeV</k:mi></k:math> and for the strange <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:msub><o:mi>σ</o:mi><o:mi>s</o:mi></o:msub><o:mo>=</o:mo><o:mn>30</o:mn><o:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</o:mo><o:mn>17</o:mn><o:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</o:mo><o:mtext> </o:mtext><o:mtext> </o:mtext><o:mi>MeV</o:mi></o:math>. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of holographic confinement with magnetic fluxes","authors":"Ali Fatemiabhari, Carlos Nunez, Maurizio Piai, James Rucinski","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.066009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.066009","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the stability properties of a simple holographic model for a confining field theory. The gravity dual consists of an Abelian gauge field, with nontrivial magnetic flux, coupled to six-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant. We construct a one-parameter family of regular solitonic solutions, where the gauge field carries flux along a compact circle that smoothly shrinks. The free energy of these solitonic backgrounds is compared to that of domain-wall solutions. This reveals a zero-temperature first-order phase transition in the dual field theory, separating confining and conformal phases. We compute the spectrum of bound states by analyzing field fluctuations in the gravity background, after dimensional reduction on the circle. A tachyonic instability emerges near a turning point in the free energy. The phase transition prevents the realization of this instability. Near the phase transition and beyond, in metastable and unstable regions, we find evidence that the lightest scalar may be interpreted as an approximate dilaton. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum field theory treatment of neutrino flavor oscillations in matter","authors":"Maxim Dvornikov","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.056009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.056009","url":null,"abstract":"We study neutrino oscillations in background matter within the quantum field theory formalism where neutrino mass eigenstates are virtual particles. In this case, neutrino mass eigenstates are mixed owing to the interaction with matter. Assuming that neutrinos are Majorana particles, we find the exact propagators for massive neutrinos accounting for the interaction with matter by solving the analog of the Dyson equation. These propagators are used to calculate the transition probability, which coincides with the prediction of the standard quantum-mechanical treatment of neutrino flavor oscillations in uniform matter. Finally, we analyze the approximations made in our analysis. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light quark fragmentation into an S-wave fully charmed tetraquark","authors":"Xiao-Wei Bai, Yingsheng Huang, Wen-Long Sang","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.054006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.054006","url":null,"abstract":"We compute the fragmentation function of a light quark into S-wave fully charmed tetraquarks (T</a:mi>4</a:mn>c</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub></a:math>) within the nonrelativistic QCD framework, at leading order in <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:msub><c:mi>α</c:mi><c:mi>s</c:mi></c:msub></c:math> and <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>v</e:mi></e:math>. We present results for light quark fragmentation into <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:msub><g:mi>T</g:mi><g:mrow><g:mn>4</g:mn><g:mi>c</g:mi></g:mrow></g:msub></g:math> and predict its contribution to <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msub><i:mi>T</i:mi><i:mrow><i:mn>4</i:mn><i:mi>c</i:mi></i:mrow></i:msub></i:math> production at high transverse momentum (<k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:msub><k:mi>p</k:mi><k:mi>T</k:mi></k:msub></k:math>) at the large hadron collider and electron-ion collider. We also compare light quark fragmentation with charm quark and gluon fragmentation channels. Our analysis shows that the production cross section for <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:msub><m:mi>T</m:mi><m:mrow><m:mn>4</m:mn><m:mi>c</m:mi></m:mrow></m:msub></m:math> from light quark fragmentation is smaller than that from gluon fragmentation but larger than that from charm quark fragmentation. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}