Physical Review D最新文献

{"title":"Finiteness of the Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons action in linear covariant gauges by taking into account gauge copies","authors":"Daniel O. R. Azevedo, Antonio D. Pereira","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.085028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.085028","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the effects of removing infinitesimal Gribov copies from the path integral of gauge-fixed Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theories formulated in three-dimensional Euclidean space have been investigated. Part of the interest resides in the fact that such an elimination of gauge copies introduces a mass parameter, the Gribov parameter, which is relevant when the assumptions of the Faddeev-Popov procedure are not well grounded. Such a parameter enters the propagator of the gauge field, which is topologically massive due to the Chern-Simons term. The resulting action, which eliminates infinitesimal Gribov copies in this context, has been constructed in linear covariant gauges, and the interplay between the aforementioned mass parameters allows for a rich phase diagram in which confining and deconfining signatures are observed in the gauge-field propagator. In the present work, we establish the renormalization properties of such a theory at all orders in perturbation theory by means of the algebraic renormalization framework and show that the removal of infinitesimal Gribov copies does not affect the standard nonrenormalization properties of standard gauge-fixed Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theories, i.e., the theory is finite. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axionless strong CP problem solution: The spontaneous CP -violation case","authors":"Rodolfo Ferro-Hernández, Stefano Morisi, Eduardo Peinado","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.073009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.073009","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an alternative to the axion mechanism for addressing the charge parity (C</a:mi>P</a:mi></a:math>) problem in QCD. Our approach involves imposing <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>C</c:mi><c:mi>P</c:mi></c:math> as an inherent symmetry of the Lagrangian, which is then spontaneously broken. To generate the correct texture for the Yukawa matrices, we introduce a discrete <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msub><e:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Z</e:mi><e:mn>2</e:mn></e:msub></e:math> symmetry that is softly broken by the scalar potential. By identifying a benchmark point for the Yukawa couplings that aligns with the measured quark masses, the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, and low-energy flavor-changing constraints, our findings suggest that this model offers a viable solution to the <h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><h:mi>C</h:mi><h:mi>P</h:mi></h:math> problem. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraints on dark matter with future MeV gamma-ray telescopes","authors":"Kayla E. O’Donnell, Tracy R. Slatyer","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.083037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.083037","url":null,"abstract":"A number of new balloon or space-based γ</a:mi></a:math>-ray observatories have been proposed to close a “MeV gap” in sensitivity to <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>γ</c:mi></c:math> rays in the MeV–GeV energy band. One aspect of the science case for these instruments is their ability to constrain or discover decaying or annihilating dark matter. In this work, we forecast the sensitivity of these instruments for dark matter annihilation or decay for a range of possible Standard Model final states and compare to existing bounds. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsar timing array sensitivity to anisotropies in the gravitational wave background","authors":"Paul Frederik Depta, Valerie Domcke, Gabriele Franciolini, Mauro Pieroni","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.083039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.083039","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsar timing array (PTA) observations have recently gathered substantial evidence for the existence of a gravitational wave background in the nHz frequency band. Searching for anisotropies in this signal is key to determining its origin and in particular to distinguish possible astrophysical from cosmological sources. In this work, we assess the sensitivity of current and future pulsar timing arrays to such anisotropies using the full covariance matrix of pulsar timing delays. While current day pulsar timing arrays can only set mildly informative constraints on the dipole and quadrupole, we show that percent-level accuracy for several low multipoles can be achieved in the near future. Moreover, we demonstrate that anisotropies in the gravitational wave background and the Hellings-Downs angular correlation, indicating the presence of gravitational waves, are approximately uncorrelated and can hence be reconstructed independently. These results can be reproduced with fast, a publicly available ython code to forecast the constraining power of PTA configurations. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily modulations and broadband strategy in axion searches: An application with the CAST-CAPP detector","authors":"F. Caspers, C. M. Adair, K. Altenmüller, V. Anastassopoulos, S. Arguedas Cuendis, J. Baier, K. Barth, A. Belov, D. Bozicevic, H. Bräuninger, G. Cantatore, J. F. Castel, S. A. Çetin, W. Chung, H. Choi, J. Choi, T. Dafni, M. Davenport, A. Dermenev, K. Desch, B. Döbrich, H. Fischer, W. Funk, J. Galan, A. Gardikiotis, S. Gninenko, J. Golm, M. D. Hasinoff, D. H. H. Hoffmann, D. Díez Ibáñez, I. G. Irastorza, K. Jakovčić, J. Kaminski, M. Karuza, C. Krieger, Ç. Kutlu, B. Lakić, J. M. Laurent, J. Lee, S. Lee, G. Luzón, C. Margalejo, M. Maroudas, L. Miceli, H. Mirallas, L. Obis, A. Özbey, K. Özbozduman, M. J. Pivovaroff, M. Rosu, J. Ruz, E. Ruiz-Chóliz, S. Schmidt, Y. K. Semertzidis, S. K. Solanki, L. Stewart, I. Tsagris, T. Vafeiadis, J. K. Vogel, M. Vretenar, S. Youn, A. Zhitnitsky, K. Zioutas","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.082009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.082009","url":null,"abstract":"It has been previously advocated that the presence of the daily and annual modulations of the axion flux on the Earth’s surface may dramatically change the strategy of the axion searches. The arguments were based on the so-called Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) dark matter model which was originally put forward to explain the similarity of the dark and visible cosmological matter densities Ω</a:mi></a:mrow>dark</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub>∼</a:mo>Ω</a:mi></a:mrow>visible</a:mtext></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math>. In this framework, the population of galactic axions with mass <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mrow><e:msup><e:mrow><e:mn>10</e:mn></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mo>−</e:mo><e:mn>6</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msup><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mi>eV</e:mi><e:mo>≲</e:mo><e:msub><e:mrow><e:mi>m</e:mi></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mi>a</e:mi></e:mrow></e:msub><e:mo>≲</e:mo><e:msup><e:mrow><e:mn>10</e:mn></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mo>−</e:mo><e:mn>3</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msup><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mi>eV</e:mi></e:mrow></e:math> and velocity <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟨</g:mo><g:msub><g:mi>v</g:mi><g:mi>a</g:mi></g:msub><g:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟩</g:mo><g:mo>∼</g:mo><g:msup><g:mn>10</g:mn><g:mrow><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:mn>3</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup><g:mi>c</g:mi></g:math> will be accompanied by axions with typical velocities <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟨</k:mo><k:msub><k:mi>v</k:mi><k:mi>a</k:mi></k:msub><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">⟩</k:mo><k:mo>∼</k:mo><k:mn>0.6</k:mn><k:mi>c</k:mi></k:math> emitted by AQNs. Furthermore, in this framework, it has also been argued that the AQN-induced axion daily modulation (in contrast with the conventional weakly interactive massive particle paradigm) could be as large as (10–20)%, representing the main motivation for the present investigation. We argue that the daily modulations along with the broadband detection strategy can be very useful tools for the discovery of such relativistic axions. The data from the CAST-CAPP detector have been used following such arguments. Unfortunately, due to the dependence of the amplifier chain on temperature-dependent gain drifts and other factors, we could not conclusively show the presence or absence of a dark sector-originated daily modulation. However, this proof of principle analysis procedure can serve as a reference for future studies. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasicrystalline string landscape","authors":"Zihni Kaan Baykara, Houri-Christina Tarazi, Cumrun Vafa","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.086025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.086025","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigate a largely unexplored nongeometric corner of the string landscape: the quasicrystalline orbifolds. These exist at special points of the Narain moduli, leading to frozen moduli and large quantum symmetries. Here, we complete the classification and construction of quasicrystalline Narain lattices and use this to explore supersymmetric compactifications in 4</a:mn>≤</a:mo>D</a:mi>≤</a:mo>6</a:mn></a:math> and with <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mn>4</c:mn><c:mo>≤</c:mo><c:mi>Q</c:mi><c:mo>≤</c:mo><c:mn>16</c:mn></c:math> supercharges, leading to novel theories, including theories with large quantum symmetries at all points in the moduli space. We anticipate that these constructions will have many applications, and in subsequent work, we apply these techniques to construct new nonsupersymmetric tachyon-free models. Similarly, these constructions can lead to constructing exotic matter representations in the string landscape. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-order CP phase transition in two-flavor QCD at θ=π under electromagnetic scale anomaly via a Nambu–Jona-Lasinio description","authors":"Yuanyuan Wang, Shinya Matsuzaki, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Akio Tomiya","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.074028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.074028","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the thermal C</a:mi>P</a:mi></a:math> phase transition in QCD at <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>θ</c:mi><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mi>π</c:mi></c:math> under a weak magnetic field background, where the electromagnetic scale anomaly gets significant. To be explicit, we work on a two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model at <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>θ</e:mi><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mi>π</e:mi></e:math> in the mean field approximation, including the electromagnetic-scale anomaly term. We find that the thermal <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>C</g:mi><g:mi>P</g:mi></g:math> phase transition becomes first order and the strength of the first order gets more prominent as the magnetic field increases. The associated potential barrier is thermally created by the electromagnetic scale anomaly and gives rise to criticality due to the induced potential of a nonperturbative form <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mo>∼</i:mo><i:mfrac><i:mrow><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</i:mo><i:mi>e</i:mi><i:mi>B</i:mi><i:msup><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</i:mo><i:mn>3</i:mn></i:msup></i:mrow><i:msub><i:mi>f</i:mi><i:mi>π</i:mi></i:msub></i:mfrac><i:mfrac><i:mrow><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</i:mo><i:mi>P</i:mi><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</i:mo></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:msup><i:mi>P</i:mi><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:msup><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">+</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mi>m</i:mi><i:mn>0</i:mn><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:msubsup></i:mrow></i:mfrac></i:math>, where <p:math xmlns:p=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><p:mi>e</p:mi><p:mi>B</p:mi></p:math> denotes the magnetic field strength; <r:math xmlns:r=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><r:mi>P</r:mi></r:math> is the <t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><t:mi>C</t:mi><t:mi>P</t:mi></t:math>-order parameter, and <v:math xmlns:v=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><v:msub><v:mi>m</v:mi><v:mn>0</v:mn></v:msub></v:math> is the isospin-symmetric current-quark mass. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charm Sivers function at the EicC","authors":"Senjie Zhu, Duxin Zheng, Lei Xia, Yifei Zhang","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.076024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.076024","url":null,"abstract":"The Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC) is pivotal in enhancing our knowledge of the internal structure of nucleons and nuclei, particularly through the study of transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs). Among the leading-twist TMDs, the Sivers function is of particular interest, as it provides crucial insights into the spin and momentum structure of hadrons and plays a significant role in describing transverse single-spin asymmetries (SSAs) in high-energy scatterings. In this study, we focus on the theoretical framework and phenomenological implications of the Sivers function in the context of small-x</a:mi></a:math> physics, where it is intricately connected to the spin-dependent QCD odderon, demonstrating that the SSA can be expressed in terms of transverse momentum-dependent factorization within the Color Glass Condensate effective theory. Furthermore, we present simulation results using PythiaeRHIC to assess the feasibility of measuring the charm quark Sivers function at the EicC. The simulation outcomes suggest that the EicC, with its unique kinematic coverage, offers distinct advantages for probing the Sivers function, which would provide compelling evidence for the existence of the elusive spin-dependent odderon. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azimuthal fluctuations and number of muons at the ground in muon-depleted proton air showers at PeV energies","authors":"A. Bakalová, R. Conceição, L. Gibilisco, V. Novotný, M. Pimenta, B. Tomé, J. Vícha","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.083036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.083036","url":null,"abstract":"Muon counting is an effective strategy for discriminating between gamma- and hadron-initiated air showers. However, their detection, which requires shielded detectors, is highly expensive and challenging to implement across large, environmentally sensitive areas. This work allowed us to establish for the first time that at PeV energies the gamma/hadron discriminator based on the new L</a:mi>C</a:mi>m</a:mi></a:math> variable have proton rejection levels of the order of <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:msup><c:mn>10</c:mn><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>4</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:math>, outperforming the discrimination power based on the counting of the number of muons. A thorough examination of muon depleted showers at the PeV energies and the simulation strategy devised to achieve the required <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi mathvariant=\"script\">O</e:mi><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</e:mo><e:msup><e:mn>10</e:mn><e:mn>6</e:mn></e:msup><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</e:mo></e:math> simulated showers is presented. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay and correlations between quark and lepton observables in modular symmetry models","authors":"Gui-Jun Ding, Eligio Lisi, Antonio Marrone, S. T. Petcov","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.075024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.075024","url":null,"abstract":"In a predictive modular invariant theory of flavor there should exist correlations between the quark and lepton observables, induced by the common modulus, by joint experimental constraints and possibly, in grand unified theories (GUTs), by common gauge multiplets. So far, in non-GUT bottom-up modular flavor models, these observables have been analyzed separately, making it impossible to investigate their interconnections. We perform a joint analysis of quark and lepton observables (22 altogether, 18 being measured) and of their correlations in a modular flavor model of the indicated class. The model is based on 2&lt;/a:mn&gt;O&lt;/a:mi&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt; flavor symmetry and, within its class, it is characterized by the minimal number of free parameters (14 real constants). The joint analysis shows that the model is in good agreement with the experimental data for normal neutrino mass ordering, while predicting the leptonic Dirac &lt;c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;c:mi&gt;C&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;c:mi&gt;P&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;/c:math&gt;-violating (&lt;e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;C&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;P&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;V&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;/e:math&gt;) phase (&lt;g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;g:msub&gt;&lt;g:mi&gt;δ&lt;/g:mi&gt;&lt;g:mrow&gt;&lt;g:mi&gt;C&lt;/g:mi&gt;&lt;g:mi&gt;P&lt;/g:mi&gt;&lt;/g:mrow&gt;&lt;/g:msub&gt;&lt;/g:math&gt;), the two Majorana &lt;i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;C&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;P&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;V&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;/i:math&gt; phases (&lt;k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;k:msub&gt;&lt;k:mi&gt;η&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;k:mn&gt;1&lt;/k:mn&gt;&lt;/k:msub&gt;&lt;/k:math&gt;, &lt;m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;m:msub&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;η&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;m:mn&gt;2&lt;/m:mn&gt;&lt;/m:msub&gt;&lt;/m:math&gt;), the lightest neutrino mass (&lt;o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;o:msub&gt;&lt;o:mi&gt;m&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;1&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;/o:msub&gt;&lt;/o:math&gt;) and the effective neutrino masses probed by beta and neutrinoless double beta decay (&lt;q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;q:msub&gt;&lt;q:mi&gt;m&lt;/q:mi&gt;&lt;q:mi&gt;β&lt;/q:mi&gt;&lt;/q:msub&gt;&lt;/q:math&gt; and &lt;s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;s:msub&gt;&lt;s:mi&gt;m&lt;/s:mi&gt;&lt;s:mrow&gt;&lt;s:mi&gt;β&lt;/s:mi&gt;&lt;s:mi&gt;β&lt;/s:mi&gt;&lt;/s:mrow&gt;&lt;/s:msub&gt;&lt;/s:math&gt;). A detailed comparison of the separate (lepton-only and quark-only) and combined (lepton and quark) fit results shows differences in best-fit values and jointly allowed regions, that reflect a nontrivial interplay between quark and lepton observables in the model. Most importantly, our analysis highlights the existence of significant correlations between various pairs of such observables. For instance, the ratio of the strange and bottom quark masses, &lt;u:math xmlns:u=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;u:msub&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;r&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;u:mrow&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;s&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;b&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;/u:mrow&gt;&lt;/u:msub&gt;&lt;/u:math&gt;, is strongly negatively correlated with each of the three lepton mixing angles and with &lt;w:math xmlns:w=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Ma","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}