Physics Letters B最新文献_第3页

Binding energy of compact stars and their non-radial oscillations 致密恒星的结合能及其非径向振荡

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140240

P. Laskos-Patkos , S. Papadopoulos , Ch.C. Moustakidis

引用次数: 0

Towards an anomaly detection pipeline for gravitational waves at the Einstein telescope 通往爱因斯坦望远镜引力波异常探测管道

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140272

Gianluca Inguglia, Huw Haigh, Kristyna Vitulova, Ulyana Dupletsa

{"title":"Towards an anomaly detection pipeline for gravitational waves at the Einstein telescope","authors":"Gianluca Inguglia, Huw Haigh, Kristyna Vitulova, Ulyana Dupletsa","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the implementation of an anomaly-detection algorithm based on a deep convolutional autoencoder for the search for gravitational waves (GWs) in time-frequency spectrograms. Our method targets short-duration ( ≲ 2 s) GW signals, exemplified by mergers of compact objects forming or involving an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). Such short signals are difficult to distinguish from background noise; yet their brevity makes them well-suited to machine-learning analyses with modest computational requirements. Using the data from the Einstein Telescope Mock Data Challenge as a benchmark, we demonstrate that the approach can successfully flag GW-like transients as anomalies in interferometer data of a single detector, achieving an initial detection efficiency of 23% for injected signals corresponding to IMBH-forming mergers. After introducing weak supervision, the model exhibits excellent generalisation and recovers all injected IMBH-forming mergers, independent of their total mass or signal-to-noise ratio, with a false-alarm rate due to statistical noise fluctuations of approximately 4.5 events per year for a single interferometer operating with a 100% duty cycle. The method also successfully identifies lower-mass mergers leading to the formation of black holes with mass larger than  ≃ 20 M⊙. Our pipeline does not yet classify anomalies, distinguishing between actual GW signals and noise artefacts; however, it highlights any deviation from the learned background noise distribution for further scrutiny. These results demonstrate that anomaly detection offers a powerful, model-independent framework for future GW searches, paving the way toward fully automated and adaptive analysis pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harvesting entanglement from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate 在偶极玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中从违反洛伦兹的量子场真空中收获纠缠

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140300

Zehua Tian , Weiping Yao , Xiaobao Liu , Mengjie Wang , Jieci Wang , Jiliang Jing

{"title":"Harvesting entanglement from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate","authors":"Zehua Tian , Weiping Yao , Xiaobao Liu , Mengjie Wang , Jieci Wang , Jiliang Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We theoretically propose an experimentally viable scheme to explore the transfer of nonclassical correlations from a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to a pair of impurities immersed in it. Operating at ultra-low temperature, density fluctuations of the dipolar BEC emulate a vacuum field with Lorentz-violating dispersion, while the two impurities function as Unruh-DeWitt detectors for the BEC quasiparticles. We study the harvesting of entanglement from the quantum vacuum of this analogue Lorentz-violating quantum field by spatially separated Unruh-DeWitt detectors. Our analysis reveals key parameter dependencies that optimize the harvesting of entanglement. In particular, unlike the Lorentz-invariant case, smoother detector switchings does not enhance the entanglement harvesting efficiency from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum. Moreover, the strength of the Lorentz-invariant violation can shift the optimal energy structure of the detectors for harvesting entanglement from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum—a clear deviation from the Lorentz-invariant scenario. As a fundamental quantum mechanical setup, our quantum fluid platform provides an experimentally realizable testbed for examining the entanglement harvesting protocol from an effective Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum using a pair of impurity probers, which may also has potential implications for exploring the Lorentz-invariant violation in quantum field theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146778112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing background effects in search of the chiral vortical effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions 评估背景效应以寻找相对论重离子碰撞中的手性旋涡效应

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140273

Chunzheng Wang , Jie Wan , Jinfeng Liao , Yugang Ma , Shuzhe Shi , Qiye Shou , Zhengqing Wang , Kegang Xiong , Song Zhang , Liang Zheng

{"title":"Assessing background effects in search of the chiral vortical effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions","authors":"Chunzheng Wang , Jie Wan , Jinfeng Liao , Yugang Ma , Shuzhe Shi , Qiye Shou , Zhengqing Wang , Kegang Xiong , Song Zhang , Liang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for the Chiral Vortical Effect (CVE) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is carried out by measuring azimuthal correlators for baryon pairs such as Λ and protons. Experimental results from the ALICE collaboration show significant separations in these correlator observables between baryon-baryon and baryon-antibaryon, however, the interpretation remains unclear. It is believed that background contributions from baryon production mechanisms play an important role. Using three phenomenological models, the Blast Wave, AMPT, and AVFD+UrQMD, we systematically investigate the background effects in Pb–Pb collisions at <math><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></math> = 5.02 TeV. We demonstrate that local baryon conservation, as well as hadronic annihilation processes, can significantly influence the correlators. The feed-down contribution from secondary protons is also estimated. Our study provides a foundation for disentangling background mechanisms and further facilitates the search for the CVE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mesons, baryons and the confinement/deconfinement transition 介子、重子和约束/非约束跃迁

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140288

V. Tomas Mari Surkau, Urko Reinosa

引用次数: 0

Low-energy e+e−→γγ at NNLO in QED QED中低能e + e−→γ γ

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140236

Tim Engel , Marco Rocco , Adrian Signer , Yannick Ulrich

引用次数: 0

Mechanism of breakup channel competition in the 6Li+209Bi system at above-barrier energies 能垒以上6Li+209Bi体系破碎通道竞争机制

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140224

Kai-Xuan Cheng , Chun-Wang Ma

引用次数: 0

Structural limitations on constraining the time evolution of dark energy: An exact linear response approach 约束暗能量时间演化的结构限制：一种精确线性响应方法

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140237

Seokcheon Lee

{"title":"Structural limitations on constraining the time evolution of dark energy: An exact linear response approach","authors":"Seokcheon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cosmological constraints on a time-varying dark energy equation of state are fundamentally limited by the integral structure through which the equation of state enters cosmological observables. We rigorously derive the linear response kernel that maps perturbations in the equation of state ω(z) to comoving distance fluctuations δD(z). By adopting a Fourier mode expansion <math><mrow><mi>δ</mi><mi>ω</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>, we obtain the exact analytic form of the distance response in terms of Sine and Cosine integrals. We show that this mapping involves a double integration over redshift, which acts as an intrinsic low-pass filter with a characteristic <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><msup><mi>k</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> scaling in redshift space. This structural limitation is visualized in a schematic diagram and confirmed by observational verification using the full covariance matrix of the Pantheon+ supernova dataset. Our analysis reveals a steep hierarchy in Fisher eigenvalues where the information content drops by an order of magnitude already at the second eigenmode. Consequently, distance-based probes effectively constrain only a single dominant mode of ω(z). This implies that the difficulty in constraining dynamical parameters such as wa is not due to data precision, but is a necessary consequence of the observable’s integral nature, which renders it structurally blind to the instantaneous rate of change dω/da.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CP-conserving SO(3) parameterization of the neutrino mixing matrix 中微子混合矩阵的保cp SO(3)参数化

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140219

Jarosław Duda , Janusz Gluza , Biswajit Karmakar

{"title":"CP-conserving SO(3) parameterization of the neutrino mixing matrix","authors":"Jarosław Duda , Janusz Gluza , Biswajit Karmakar","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pattern of neutrino mixing, usually parameterized by the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa- Sakata UPMNS matrix, still remains a striking puzzle in particle physics. UPMNS is one of six possible products of multiplying three Euler matrices. Here we discuss the neutrino mixing matrix parameterization for three known flavours of neutrinos based on the SO(3) group represented by one three-dimensional rotation matrix USO3 and the CP-conserving phases <math><mrow><msub><mi>δ</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math> and 180∘. The mixing matrix USO3 with cyclic order of the Lie group generators implies <math><mrow><msub><mi>δ</mi><mtext>CP</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>180</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math> for clockwise rotation in three dimensions, a viable scenario for normal mass ordering. We determine a range of rotation angles for USO3 which deviate substantially from the almost maximal mixings in the standard UPMNS scenario, yielding ‘democratic’ values for the mixing angles. On the other hand, <math><mrow><msub><mi>δ</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math> CP-conserving case supports near-maximal mixing scenario. With the fixed δCP value, the USO3 parameterization can be validated or falsified by the next generation of neutrinoless double beta decay experiments and puts a stringent constraint on the absolute neutrino mass. The proposed USO3 neutrino mixing parameterization is suited for independent CP-conserving neutrino oscillation experimental analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smallness of neutrino masses and leptogenesis in 331 composite Higgs model 331复合希格斯模型中中微子质量的小和轻生

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140210

Roman Nevzorov

{"title":"Smallness of neutrino masses and leptogenesis in 331 composite Higgs model","authors":"Roman Nevzorov","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider 331 composite Higgs model (CHM3) in which the Lagrangian of the strongly coupled sector is invariant with respect to global SU(3)C × SU(3) × U(1)6 symmetry that can originate from SU(6) subgroup of E6 and contains the gauge group of the standard model (SM) as a subgroup. The breakdown of the approximate SU(3) × U(1)6 symmetry down to SU(2)W × U(1)Y subgroup around the scale f ∼ 10 TeV results in a set of pseudo–Nambu–Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) that, in particular, involves Higgs doublet. The generation of the masses of the SM fermions in the CHM3 is discussed. We argue that approximate U(1)L and discrete Z2 symmetries may give rise to tiny masses of the left–handed neutrinos and several composite fermions with masses <math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>TeV</mtext></mrow></math>. The lepton and baryon asymmetries can be generated within the CHM3 via the out–of equilibrium decays of extra Majorana particle into the Higgs doublet and these composite fermions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0