Physics Letters B最新文献

{"title":"Identifying weak critical fluctuations of intermittency in heavy-ion collisions with topological machine learning","authors":"Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Chengrui Qiu ,&nbsp;Chuan-Shen Hu ,&nbsp;Zhiming Li ,&nbsp;Yuanfang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large density fluctuations of conserved charges have been proposed as a promising signature for exploring the QCD critical point in heavy-ion collisions. These fluctuations are expected to exhibit a fractal or scale-invariant behavior, which can be probed by intermittency analysis. Recent high-energy experimental studies reveal that the signal of critical fluctuations related to intermittency is very weak and thus could be easily obscured by the overwhelming background particles in the data sample. Employing a point cloud neural network with topological machine learning, we can successfully classify weak signal events from background noise by the extracted distinct topological features, and accurately determine the intermittency index for weak signal event samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The weak gravity conjecture in the Vilkovisky-DeWitt effective action of quantum gravity","authors":"Tommaso Antonelli,&nbsp;Xavier Calmet","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Weak Gravity Conjecture states that in any consistent theory of quantum gravity in the landscape of string theory, the repulsive force mediated by a U(1) gauge field must be stronger than the attractive force of gravity. In this work, we calculate quantum gravitational corrections to the charge-to-mass ratio of extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes, using the Vilkovisky-deWitt unique effective action approach, since this ratio provides a discriminant to select low-energy effective theories of quantum gravity that fulfill the conjecture. We find that depending on the values of the Wilson coefficients of the effective action, some UV complete theories may fulfill the conjecture, while others may not.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are regular black holes from pure gravity classified within the same thermodynamical topology?","authors":"Sheng-Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Shan-Ping Wu ,&nbsp;Shao-Wen Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regular black holes, which avoid the essential central singularities, can be constructed through various methods, including nonlinear electrodynamics and quantum corrections. Recently, it was shown that via an infinite tower of higher-curvature corrections, one can obtain different regular black hole solutions in any spacetime dimension <span><math><mi>D</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>5</mn></math></span>. Utilizing the concept of thermodynamical topology, we examine these black holes as topological thermodynamic defects, classifying them into distinct topological categories based on their generalized free energy. We demonstrate that the Hawking temperature of the black hole has at least one zero point at the small horizon radius limit. Under this fact, the regular black holes generated through the purely gravitational theories exhibit universal thermodynamical behaviors, strongly suggesting they belong to the same topological class. We present a comprehensive analysis of these properties, providing a clearer understanding of the fundamental nature of this type of regular black holes and their classification within the framework of thermodynamical topology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling neutrino mysteries with Δ(27) symmetry","authors":"Manash Dey,&nbsp;Subhankar Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An elegant model for lepton masses and mixing is proposed in the light of both Type I and Type II seesaw mechanisms emphasizing the presence of discrete flavour symmetries <span><math><mi>Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>27</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. The model marks a forbidden region in the experimental 3<em>σ</em> bound of the atmospheric mixing angle. In addition, it highlights a quasi-degenerate mass spectra within the normal hierarchy of neutrino masses and constrains the predictions of the Majorana phases. The model is testable through ongoing and future experiments on neutrinoless double beta (<span><math><mn>0</mn><mi>ν</mi><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></math></span>) decay and charged lepton flavour violation (cLFV).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the origin of the peak of the sound velocity for isospin imbalanced strongly interacting matter","authors":"Alejandro Ayala ,&nbsp;Bruno S. Lopes ,&nbsp;Ricardo L.S. Farias ,&nbsp;Luis C. Parra","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the properties of a system composed of strongly interacting matter with an isospin imbalance, using as an effective description of QCD the two-flavor Linear Sigma Model with quarks. From the one-loop effective potential, including the two light quarks, pions and sigma contributions, and enforcing the restrictions imposed by chiral symmetry, we show that the development of an isospin condensate comes together with the emergence of a Goldstone mode that provides a constraint for the chiral and isospin condensates as a result of a non-trivial mixing between the charged pions and the sigma. We compute the thermodynamical quantities of interest and in particular the sound velocity squared, showing that it presents a maximum for an isospin chemical potential similar to the one reported by lattice QCD results and also with a similar height. Therefore, we attribute the origin of the peak of the sound velocity to the proper treatment of the Goldstone mode and to the non-trivial mixing of the charged pions and sigma in the isospin condensed phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiral oscillations in quantum field theory","authors":"Victor A.S.V. Bittencourt ,&nbsp;Massimo Blasone ,&nbsp;Gennaro Zanfardino","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Massive fermions produced with definite chirality undergo chiral oscillations. So far, this phenomenon has been mainly described in the framework of single particle relativistic quantum mechanics. In this paper, we present a quantum field theory approach to chiral oscillations in analogy with the one used to describe flavor mixing and oscillations. By taking the expectation value of chiral charges, we obtain the same chiral oscillation formula derived via standard relativistic quantum mechanics. We find that chiral charges are diagonalized by a Bogoliubov transformation: this implies that the vacuum for particles with definite chirality is orthogonal to the one for those with definite energy. In the case of neutrinos, our results can be further extended to include also flavor oscillations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black hole in the Dekel-Zhao dark matter profile","authors":"Ali Övgün ,&nbsp;Reggie C. Pantig","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motivated by the work of Cardoso et al. (2022) <span><span>[15]</span></span> on black holes in galaxies, we derive a new black hole solution surrounded by a Dekel-Zhao (DZ) dark matter profile. The derived metric, influenced by DZ profile parameters, exhibits two distinct regimes: for <span><math><mi>r</mi><mo>≪</mo><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is a characteristic radius), exponential corrections dominate, producing significant deviations from the Schwarzschild solution near dense cores, while for <span><math><mi>r</mi><mo>≫</mo><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, these corrections vanish, restoring the Schwarzschild metric at large distances. These findings ensure consistency with general relativity in vacuum. The black hole shadow and deflection angle are analyzed, demonstrating that the shadow radius increases with black hole mass (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>BH</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), while higher central densities (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ch</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) result in smaller shadows, reflecting the environmental impact of dense dark matter halos. Photon dynamics reveal how DZ profiles modify critical impact parameters and effective potentials, with gravitational lensing effects highly sensitive to the characteristic radius (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>). Smaller <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> values lead to larger deflection angles due to stronger gravitational effects near compact cores. This work highlights the significance dark matter profiles in shaping black hole observables, providing a theoretical foundation for future observational studies and advancing the understanding of dark matter-black hole interactions in astrophysical and cosmological contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strings as particle arrays","authors":"Renann Lipinski Jusinskas","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work discusses the emergence of the Polyakov action from the low-energy limit of an array of relativistic particles with nearest neighbor interactions, which is suggestive of a “microscopic” description of string theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resonant leptogenesis in minimal U(1)X extensions of the Standard Model","authors":"Arindam Das ,&nbsp;Yuta Orikasa","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate a general <span><math><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> scenario where we introduce three generations of Standard Model (SM) singlet Right Handed Neutrinos (RHNs) to generate the light neutrino mass through the seesaw mechanism after the breaking of <span><math><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and electroweak symmetries. In addition to that, a general <span><math><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> scenario involves an SM-singlet scalar field and due to the <span><math><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> symmetry breaking the mass of a neutral beyond the SM (BSM) gauge boson <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> is evolved. The RHNs, charged under the <span><math><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> scenario, can explain the origin of observed baryon asymmetry through the resonant leptogenesis process. Applying observed neutrino oscillation data we study <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and BSM scalar-induced processes to reproduce the observed baryon asymmetry. Hence we estimate bounds on the <span><math><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> gauge coupling <span><math><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span> and the mass of the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> <span><math><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span> for different <span><math><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> charges and benchmark masses of the RHN and SM-singlet scalar. Finally, we compare our results with limits obtained from the existing limits from LEP-II and LHC. We find that depending on the <span><math><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> charges, the masses of RHNs and SM-singlet scalar resonant leptogenesis could provide a stronger limit on <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>5.8</mn></math></span> TeV which could be probed by high energy scattering experiment in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for three-α breathing modes uncovered by control neural network","authors":"Zheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Lyu ,&nbsp;Takayuki Myo ,&nbsp;Hisashi Horiuchi ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Toki ,&nbsp;Zhongzhou Ren ,&nbsp;Masahiro Isaka ,&nbsp;Mengyun Mao ,&nbsp;Hiroki Takemoto ,&nbsp;Niu Wan ,&nbsp;Wenlong You ,&nbsp;Qing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces a new Control Neural Network (Ctrl.NN) method to uncover evidence of exotic quantum state, <em>i.e.</em>, the breathing modes in 3-<em>α</em> resonant states of ¹²C nucleus. We provide the most precise microscopic description to date for the ¹²C energy spectrum, identify two new exotic breathing states, and uncover strong evidence that directly connects the recent experimental observations to the breathing modes. The Ctrl.NN method significantly simplifies numerical calculations of quantum systems under multiple constraints and offers a new perspective for solving the nuclear many-body problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"864 ","pages":"Article 139397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}