Physics Letters B最新文献_第10页

Towards an anomaly detection pipeline for gravitational waves at the Einstein telescope 通往爱因斯坦望远镜引力波异常探测管道

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140272

Gianluca Inguglia, Huw Haigh, Kristyna Vitulova, Ulyana Dupletsa

{"title":"Towards an anomaly detection pipeline for gravitational waves at the Einstein telescope","authors":"Gianluca Inguglia, Huw Haigh, Kristyna Vitulova, Ulyana Dupletsa","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the implementation of an anomaly-detection algorithm based on a deep convolutional autoencoder for the search for gravitational waves (GWs) in time-frequency spectrograms. Our method targets short-duration ( ≲ 2 s) GW signals, exemplified by mergers of compact objects forming or involving an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). Such short signals are difficult to distinguish from background noise; yet their brevity makes them well-suited to machine-learning analyses with modest computational requirements. Using the data from the Einstein Telescope Mock Data Challenge as a benchmark, we demonstrate that the approach can successfully flag GW-like transients as anomalies in interferometer data of a single detector, achieving an initial detection efficiency of 23% for injected signals corresponding to IMBH-forming mergers. After introducing weak supervision, the model exhibits excellent generalisation and recovers all injected IMBH-forming mergers, independent of their total mass or signal-to-noise ratio, with a false-alarm rate due to statistical noise fluctuations of approximately 4.5 events per year for a single interferometer operating with a 100% duty cycle. The method also successfully identifies lower-mass mergers leading to the formation of black holes with mass larger than  ≃ 20 <em>M</em><sub>⊙</sub>. Our pipeline does not yet classify anomalies, distinguishing between actual GW signals and noise artefacts; however, it highlights any deviation from the learned background noise distribution for further scrutiny. These results demonstrate that anomaly detection offers a powerful, model-independent framework for future GW searches, paving the way toward fully automated and adaptive analysis pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harvesting entanglement from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate 在偶极玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中从违反洛伦兹的量子场真空中收获纠缠

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140300

Zehua Tian , Weiping Yao , Xiaobao Liu , Mengjie Wang , Jieci Wang , Jiliang Jing

{"title":"Harvesting entanglement from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate","authors":"Zehua Tian , Weiping Yao , Xiaobao Liu , Mengjie Wang , Jieci Wang , Jiliang Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We theoretically propose an experimentally viable scheme to explore the transfer of nonclassical correlations from a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to a pair of impurities immersed in it. Operating at ultra-low temperature, density fluctuations of the dipolar BEC emulate a vacuum field with Lorentz-violating dispersion, while the two impurities function as Unruh-DeWitt detectors for the BEC quasiparticles. We study the harvesting of entanglement from the quantum vacuum of this analogue Lorentz-violating quantum field by spatially separated Unruh-DeWitt detectors. Our analysis reveals key parameter dependencies that optimize the harvesting of entanglement. In particular, unlike the Lorentz-invariant case, smoother detector switchings does not enhance the entanglement harvesting efficiency from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum. Moreover, the strength of the Lorentz-invariant violation can shift the optimal energy structure of the detectors for harvesting entanglement from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum—a clear deviation from the Lorentz-invariant scenario. As a fundamental quantum mechanical setup, our quantum fluid platform provides an experimentally realizable testbed for examining the entanglement harvesting protocol from an effective Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum using a pair of impurity probers, which may also has potential implications for exploring the Lorentz-invariant violation in quantum field theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146778112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing background effects in search of the chiral vortical effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions 评估背景效应以寻找相对论重离子碰撞中的手性旋涡效应

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140273

Chunzheng Wang , Jie Wan , Jinfeng Liao , Yugang Ma , Shuzhe Shi , Qiye Shou , Zhengqing Wang , Kegang Xiong , Song Zhang , Liang Zheng

{"title":"Assessing background effects in search of the chiral vortical effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions","authors":"Chunzheng Wang , Jie Wan , Jinfeng Liao , Yugang Ma , Shuzhe Shi , Qiye Shou , Zhengqing Wang , Kegang Xiong , Song Zhang , Liang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for the Chiral Vortical Effect (CVE) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is carried out by measuring azimuthal correlators for baryon pairs such as Λ and protons. Experimental results from the ALICE collaboration show significant separations in these correlator observables between baryon-baryon and baryon-antibaryon, however, the interpretation remains unclear. It is believed that background contributions from baryon production mechanisms play an important role. Using three phenomenological models, the Blast Wave, AMPT, and AVFD+UrQMD, we systematically investigate the background effects in Pb–Pb collisions at <span><math><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></math></span> = 5.02 TeV. We demonstrate that local baryon conservation, as well as hadronic annihilation processes, can significantly influence the correlators. The feed-down contribution from secondary protons is also estimated. Our study provides a foundation for disentangling background mechanisms and further facilitates the search for the CVE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mesons, baryons and the confinement/deconfinement transition 介子、重子和约束/非约束跃迁

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140288

V. Tomas Mari Surkau, Urko Reinosa

引用次数: 0

Structural limitations on constraining the time evolution of dark energy: An exact linear response approach 约束暗能量时间演化的结构限制：一种精确线性响应方法

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140237

Seokcheon Lee

{"title":"Structural limitations on constraining the time evolution of dark energy: An exact linear response approach","authors":"Seokcheon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cosmological constraints on a time-varying dark energy equation of state are fundamentally limited by the integral structure through which the equation of state enters cosmological observables. We rigorously derive the linear response kernel that maps perturbations in the equation of state <em>ω</em>(<em>z</em>) to comoving distance fluctuations <em>δD</em>(<em>z</em>). By adopting a Fourier mode expansion <span><math><mrow><mi>δ</mi><mi>ω</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, we obtain the exact analytic form of the distance response in terms of Sine and Cosine integrals. We show that this mapping involves a double integration over redshift, which acts as an intrinsic low-pass filter with a characteristic <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><msup><mi>k</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> scaling in redshift space. This structural limitation is visualized in a schematic diagram and confirmed by observational verification using the full covariance matrix of the Pantheon+ supernova dataset. Our analysis reveals a steep hierarchy in Fisher eigenvalues where the information content drops by an order of magnitude already at the second eigenmode. Consequently, distance-based probes effectively constrain only a single dominant mode of <em>ω</em>(<em>z</em>). This implies that the difficulty in constraining dynamical parameters such as <em>w<sub>a</sub></em> is not due to data precision, but is a necessary consequence of the observable’s integral nature, which renders it structurally blind to the instantaneous rate of change <em>dω</em>/<em>da</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-energy e+e−→γγ at NNLO in QED QED中低能e + e−→γ γ

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140236

Tim Engel , Marco Rocco , Adrian Signer , Yannick Ulrich

引用次数: 0

Mechanism of breakup channel competition in the 6Li+209Bi system at above-barrier energies 能垒以上6Li+209Bi体系破碎通道竞争机制

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140224

Kai-Xuan Cheng , Chun-Wang Ma

引用次数: 0

Multiloop spectra in general scalar EFTs and CFTs 一般标量eft和cft的多环谱

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140235

Johan Henriksson , Franz Herzog , Stefanos R. Kousvos , Jasper Roosmale Nepveu

{"title":"Multiloop spectra in general scalar EFTs and CFTs","authors":"Johan Henriksson , Franz Herzog , Stefanos R. Kousvos , Jasper Roosmale Nepveu","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the most general effective field theory (EFT) Lagrangian with scalar fields and derivatives, and renormalise it to substantially higher loop order than existing results in the literature. EFT Lagrangians have phenomenological applications, for example by encoding corrections to the Standard Model from unknown new physics. At the same time, scalar EFTs capture the spectrum of Wilson–Fisher conformal field theories (CFTs) in <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>−</mo><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow></mrow></math></span> dimensions. Our results are enabled by a more efficient version of the <em>R</em>* method for renormalisation, in which the IR divergences are subtracted via a small-momentum asymptotic expansion. In particular, we renormalise the most general set of composite operators up to engineering dimension six and Lorentz rank two. We exhibit direct applications of our results to Ising (<em>Z</em><sub>2</sub>), <em>O</em>(<em>n</em>), and hypercubic (<em>S<sub>n</sub></em>⋉(<em>Z</em><sub>2</sub>)<sup><em>n</em></sup>) CFTs, relevant for a plethora of real-world critical phenomena. The computed scaling dimensions agree well with known non-perturbative results, and they lead to new predictions where such results do not yet exist. We thereby expand the understanding of generic EFTs and open new possibilities in diverse fields, such as the numerical conformal bootstrap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing non-standard neutrinos in purely leptonic lepton decays 在纯轻子轻子衰变中测试非标准中微子

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140233

Han Zhang , Bai-Cian Ke , Yao Yu

{"title":"Testing non-standard neutrinos in purely leptonic lepton decays","authors":"Han Zhang , Bai-Cian Ke , Yao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a method to probe sterile neutrinos using polarization observables in the purely leptonic decays <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>ℓ</mi><mrow><mo>′</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>ℓ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mover><mi>ν</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>ℓ</mi></msub><msub><mi>ν</mi><msup><mi>ℓ</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></msub></mrow></math></span>. By analyzing angular distributions and asymmetries derived from polarized decay rates, we identify distinctive signatures of sterile neutrino mixing. In particular, we demonstrate that sterile neutrinos can induce singularities in certain asymmetry parameters as functions of the invariant mass squared of the neutrino pair. These singularities occur for sterile neutrino masses <em>m</em><sub>4<em>ν</em></sub> satisfying <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo><</mo><msubsup><mi>m</mi><mrow><msup><mi>ℓ</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>, providing a clear target for experimental investigation. Our results motivate the incorporation of polarized beam sources at future colliders to enhance sensitivity to sterile neutrinos and other new physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence in the black hole quantum atmosphere 黑洞量子大气中量子相干的非局域优势

IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140242

Fei Ming , Tao-Tao Lu , Zheng-Qiang Xu , Li Dong , Bao-Long Fang , Xueyou Hu , Yang Yu , Hao Yang , Dong Wang

{"title":"Nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence in the black hole quantum atmosphere","authors":"Fei Ming , Tao-Tao Lu , Zheng-Qiang Xu , Li Dong , Bao-Long Fang , Xueyou Hu , Yang Yu , Hao Yang , Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of Hawking radiation on nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC) is investigated by considering the Hartle-Hawking temperature under the Schwarzschild space-time. We analyze the characteristics of NAQC in the physically accessible and inaccessible regions. It is found that the minimum value for NAQC is indeed corresponding to the peak of Hawking radiation in accessible regions. Owing to the Hawking effect, quantum resource for the accessible and inaccessible regions is redistributed, and the trade-off relation for the information flow is revealed in the black hole. Besides, we examined the influences of Hawking radius, the distance from the black hole center to particle and the Hartle-Hawking constant on NAQC. It indicates that the smaller Hartle-Hawking constant and larger Hawking radius leads to an increase of NAQC in the physically accessible system. In addition, the hierarchical relationship among various quantum resources is verified in the black hole. If NAQC is achieved in the accessible region, the systemic state must be entangled, steerable and Bell nonlocal. Our findings show that the signatures of quantum atmosphere can be detected via NAQC and it offers a valuable insight on understanding the origination of Hawking radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"874 ","pages":"Article 140242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0