Physics Letters B最新文献

{"title":"Lepton collider as a window to reheating via freezing in dark matter detection. Part I","authors":"Basabendu Barman ,&nbsp;Subhaditya Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Sahabub Jahedi ,&nbsp;Dipankar Pradhan ,&nbsp;Abhik Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a methodology to infer the reheat temperature (<span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mtext>R</mtext><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) of the Universe from the collider signal of freezing in dark matter (DM). We demonstrate it for the mono-<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> signal at the electron-positron colliders, which indicates to a low-scale <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mtext>R</mtext><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, after addressing observed DM abundance, BBN, and other relevant constraints. The method can be used to correlate different reheating dynamics, DM models, and collider signals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic topology, photon spheres, and evidence for weak gravity conjecture in charged black holes with perfect fluid within Rastall theory","authors":"Saeed Noori Gashti ,&nbsp;izzet Sakallı ,&nbsp;Behnam Pourhassan","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the Weak Gravity Conjecture within the framework of charged black holes surrounded by a perfect fluid, analyzed under Rastall theory. A key focus is the behavior of photon spheres, which serve as critical indicators of whether these objects qualify as true black holes or devolve into naked singularities. The investigation sheds light on the deep interplay between quantum forces and gravity, pointing toward new links between high-energy physics and alternative theories of gravity. We find that the structure of these black holes is highly sensitive to variations in the intensity of the surrounding fluid and the parameters specific to Rastall gravity. In the case of a dust-like environment, the black hole satisfies the conditions required by the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) when it reaches an extremal state, and the existence of a photon sphere confirms its black hole nature. However, pushing the gravitational parameters further or weakening the fluid intensity can lead to the disappearance of the photon sphere, signaling a transition to a singularity rather than a black hole. The analysis extends to other types of cosmic fluids, including those representing radiation, quintessence, and phantom energy. Across various conditions, we identify scenarios where the Weak Gravity Conjecture continues to hold, reinforcing its broader applicability. Our numerical method reveal distinct regions in the parameter space where the conjecture is validated, offering insights that bridge quantum-scale physics with cosmological structures. Additionally, we examine the topological properties of these black holes using a theoretical approach that incorporates a generalized version of Helmholtz free energy and topological current theory. Our findings indicate that, regardless of the fluid type considered, the overall topological classification remains unchanged an show the behaviour of a classical black hole solutions (Reissner-Nordström black holes) with a total topological charges <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint analysis of reactor and accelerator CEνNS data on germanium: implications for the standard model and nuclear physics","authors":"M. Atzori Corona ,&nbsp;M. Cadeddu ,&nbsp;N. Cargioli ,&nbsp;G. Co’ ,&nbsp;F. Dordei ,&nbsp;C. Giunti","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the first comprehensive joint analysis of all available Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE<span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span>NS) data on germanium: those observed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) by the COHERENT collaboration and those of the nuclear reactors revealed by the CONUS+ experiment using germanium detectors. In addition to COHERENT and CONUS+, we incorporate reactor data from TEXONO and <span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span>GeN, thereby enhancing both the statistical significance and the systematic reliability of our study. We provide state-of-the-art determinations of key nuclear physics and Standard Model parameters, including the neutron root-mean-square (rms) radius of germanium nuclei, the weak mixing angle, and the neutrino charge radius. The observed tension of about <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> between the COHERENT germanium measurement and the Standard Model prediction motivates a detailed reassessment of the theoretical cross-section. In particular, we examine the impact of nuclear form factors and uncertainties in the nuclear radius, as well as the potential influence of a systematic shift in the neutrino flux normalisation at the SNS. Our results highlight the reliability of CE<span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span>NS as a precision tool, reinforced by the complementarity of different experimental inputs, and lay the groundwork for future advances in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cylindrical boundary induced current in the cosmic string spacetime","authors":"E.R. Bezerra de Mello,&nbsp;H.F. Santana Mota,&nbsp;W. Oliveira dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we investigate the vacuum current associated with a charged bosonic field operator, induced by a cylindrical boundary in the idealized cosmic string spacetime. In this setup we assume that the cylindrical boundary is coaxial with the string, that by its turn carry a magnetic flux along its core. In order to develop this analysis, we calculate the positive frequency Wightman functions for both regions, inside and outside the boundary. Moreover, we assume that the bosonic field obeys the Robin boundary condition on the cylindrical shell. Using this approach, the analytical expressions for the vacuum bosonic currents are presented in the form of the sum of boundary-free and boundary-induced parts. Because the boundary-free contribution is very well established in literature, our focus here is in the boundary-dependent part. As we will see, our general results are presented in a cylindrically symmetric static structure. Some asymptotic behaviors for the boundary-induced vacuum currents are investigated in various limiting cases. In order to provide a better understanding of these currents, we provide some graphs exhibiting their behavior as function of the distance to the string’s core, and on the intensity of the magnetic flux running along it. These plots also present how the parameter associated with the planar angle deficit interfere in the intensity of the corresponding current.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved predictions on Higgs-Starobinsky inflation and reheating with ACT DR6 and primordial gravitational waves","authors":"Md Riajul Haque,&nbsp;Sourav Pal,&nbsp;Debarun Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this letter, we investigate the implications of recent CMB observations for Higgs-Starobinsky inflationary models and their associated reheating dynamics, utilising data from ACT DR6, Planck 2018, BICEP/Keck 2018, and DESI, collectively referred to as P-ACT-LB-BK18. In addition to direct CMB constraints, we incorporate indirect bounds arising from the potential overproduction of primordial gravitational waves (PGWs), particularly through limits on the effective number of relativistic species, <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). These constraints become especially relevant in scenarios featuring a stiff post-inflationary equation of state <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≥</mo><mn>0.58</mn></mrow></math></span>. Our analysis shows that, when both P-ACT-LB-BK18 data and <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> bounds are considered, the viable number of inflationary e-folds is restricted to the range 57.9-62.2 at the <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> confidence level (C.L.). Correspondingly, the reheating temperature is constrained to lie between the BBN energy scale and <span><math><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>12</mn></msup></math></span> GeV, with the post-inflationary equation-of-state parameter satisfying <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.41</mn></mrow></math></span>. However, no parameter space remains viable at the <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> C.L. once <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> constraints from PGWs are included, rendering the Higgs-Starobinsky model highly restricted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bounded compactness from G(E)UP","authors":"Roberto Casadio ,&nbsp;Ilim Irfan Çimdiker ,&nbsp;Octavian Micu ,&nbsp;Jonas Mureika","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyse how different Generalised Uncertainty Principles could place bounds on the compactness of self-gravitating systems. By considering existing experimental bounds on the relevant parameters, we conclude that the compactness of large astrophysical objects is bounded above by the inverse of the GUP parameter, which would naturally be of order one. Conversely, the existence of black holes imposes stronger bounds on those parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphaleron freeze-in baryogenesis with gravitational waves from the QCD transition","authors":"Fei Gao ,&nbsp;Julia Harz ,&nbsp;Chandan Hati ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Isabel M. Oldengott ,&nbsp;Graham White","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large primordial lepton asymmetry can generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) through nonrestoration of electroweak symmetry at a high temperature, suppressing the sphaleron rate (“sphaleron freeze-in”). Such an asymmetry can lead to a first-order cosmic QCD transition with an observable gravitational wave (GW) signal. With next-to-leading order dimensional reduction and the exact 1-loop fluctuation determinant, we find the required lepton asymmetry to be an order of magnitude smaller than previous estimates. We apply a new and improved QCD equation of state reconciling the lattice and functional QCD results, to identify the range of lepton flavor asymmetries inducing a first-order cosmic QCD transition. Consistency with the observational constraints on the lepton asymmetries from the CMB and BBN requires an entropy dilution by a factor of <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> for the correct BAU, while the first-order QCD transition can itself occur without the need for any entropy dilution. We show that the sphaleron freeze-in paradigm can potentially be probed by future GW experiments like <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>Ares, if the bubble wall velocity of the QCD transition is large.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric scaling of elastic pp cross section at the LHC","authors":"Michał Praszałowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that geometric scaling conjectured and observed at the ISR more than 50 years ago, still holds at the LHC. We discuss regularities of the dip - bump structures of the differential elastic cross sections, emphasizing the fact that the ratio of bump to dip positions is constant from the ISR to the LHC. Applying crossing and analyticity we identify imaginary and real parts of the scattering amplitude and compute the <span><math><mi>ρ</mi></math></span> parameter and the ratio of bump to dip values of the differential <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span> cross sections. We also discuss the energy dependence of the total elastic cross section and the violation of geometrical scaling outside the dip - bump region at the LHC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frame-dragging and light deflection in rotating optical wormhole spacetimes","authors":"Abdelghani Errehymy ,&nbsp;Abdullah Guvendi ,&nbsp;Semra Gurtas Dogan ,&nbsp;Omar Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present a detailed analytical study of null geodesics in a family of rotating optical wormhole spacetimes with constant negative Gaussian curvature, encompassing hyperbolic, elliptic, and Beltrami geometries. By explicitly deriving the full set of null geodesic equations, we characterize photon trajectories in these curved, rotating backgrounds. Our analysis highlights the role of rotation in shaping light paths, showing how frame-dragging effects, ergoregion emergence (despite the absence of event horizons), and alterations in causal structure influence photon dynamics. We construct exact forms of the effective potential governing radial photon motion, allowing for a systematic investigation of orbit stability and critical trajectories. Closed-form expressions for gravitational deflection angles are obtained, along with clear conditions for the presence and positioning of optical horizons unique to these geometries. Our findings demonstrate that the interplay between rotational effects and the geometry-specific radial shape functions crucially determines how light behaves in these exotic spacetimes. While some features echo those of analog gravity models, our framework remains strictly within general relativity. This study provides a rigorous foundation for understanding gravitational lensing and horizon behavior in spacetimes with nontrivial topology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A basic triad in Macdonald theory","authors":"A. Mironov ,&nbsp;A. Morozov ,&nbsp;A. Popolitov","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the context of wavefunctions of integrable many-body systems, rational multivariable Baker-Akhiezer (BA) functions were introduced by O. Chalykh, M. Feigin and A. Veselov and, in the case of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider system, can be associated with a reduction of the Macdonald symmetric polynomials at <span><math><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>q</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> with integer partition labels substituted by arbitrary complex numbers. A parallel attempt to describe wavefunctions of the bispectral trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider problem was made by M. Noumi and J. Shiraishi who proposed a power series that reduces to the Macdonald polynomials at particular values of parameters. It turns out that this power series also reduces to the BA functions at <span><math><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>q</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, as we demonstrate in this letter. This makes the Macdonald polynomials, the BA functions and the Noumi-Shiraishi (NS) series a closely tied <em>triad</em> of objects, which have very different definitions, but are straightforwardly related with each other. In particular, theory of the BA functions provides a nice system of simple linear equations, while the NS functions provide a nice way to represent the multivariable BA function explicitly with arbitrary number of variables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"869 ","pages":"Article 139840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}