Physics Letters B最新文献

{"title":"Soft-gluon coupling and the TMD parton branching Sudakov form factor","authors":"A. Bermudez Martinez ,&nbsp;F. Hautmann ,&nbsp;L. Keersmaekers ,&nbsp;A. Lelek ,&nbsp;M. Mendizabal Morentin ,&nbsp;S. Taheri Monfared ,&nbsp;A.M. van Kampen","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) can be formulated in a parton branching (PB) framework. We show that next-to-next-to-leading-logarithm (NNLL) accuracy can be achieved in this framework by using the concept of soft-gluon physical coupling. We present results for the TMD distributions and for the Collins-Soper kernel controlling rapidity evolution. The results pave the way for PB predictions at NNLL level for physical observables at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future colliders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting cosmic birefringence and DESI data with evolving axion in ΛCDM","authors":"Shota Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Yuichiro Nakai ,&nbsp;Yu-Cheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Masaki Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent cosmological observations have revealed growing tensions with the standard ΛCDM model, including indications of isotropic cosmic birefringence and deviations from <span><math><mi>w</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span> in the dark energy equation of state, as suggested by DESI and supernova measurements. In this paper, we point out that such deviations can arise even from a subdominant energy density component. We then propose a unified framework based on a dynamical axion field that simultaneously accounts for both anomalies, providing a simple and natural extension of the standard ΛCDM model. In our scenario, the axion field with <span><math><mn>2</mn><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>≲</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>≲</mo><mn>7</mn><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is the current Hubble constant, induces a nonzero rotation of the CMB polarization plane and modifies the present-day dark energy equation of state. This framework accommodates recent observational data with natural parameter choices, even for a string axion with a decay constant of order 10¹⁷ <!-->GeV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QCD corrections to Higgs boson pair production and decay to the bb¯τ+τ− final state","authors":"Hai Tao Li ,&nbsp;Zong-Guo Si ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a comprehensive investigation of next-to-leading order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections to Higgs boson pair production and the subsequent decay into <span><math><mi>b</mi><mover><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>. We adopt the narrow-width approximation to separate the production and decay contributions and employ the dipole subtraction method to address infrared divergences inherent in perturbative QCD corrections. After applying a set of typical experimental cuts, we show that NLO QCD corrections to the decay process induce a significant reduction of the fiducial cross section and reshape important kinematic distributions at the 13.6 TeV LHC, such as the invariant mass of the Higgs boson pair and the transverse momentum of the leading <em>b</em>-jet. We also investigate the dependence of the kinematic distributions on the Higgs self-coupling and provide the signal acceptance as a function of the Higgs self-coupling modifier with full QCD corrections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On testing in-vacuo dispersion with the most energetic neutrinos: KM3-230213A case study","authors":"Giovanni Amelino-Camelia ,&nbsp;Giacomo D'Amico ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Fabiano ,&nbsp;Domenico Frattulillo ,&nbsp;Giulia Gubitosi ,&nbsp;Alessandro Moia ,&nbsp;Giacomo Rosati","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenology of in-vacuo dispersion, an effect such that quantum properties of spacetime slow down particles proportionally to their energies, has been a very active research area since the advent of the Fermi telescope. One of the assumptions made in this 15-year effort is that the phenomenology of in-vacuo dispersion has a particle-energy sweet spot: the energy of the particle should be large enough to render the analysis immune to source-intrinsic confounding effects but still small enough to facilitate the identification of the source of the particle. We use the gigantic energy of KM3-230213A as an opportunity to challenge this expectation. For a neutrino of a few hundred PeVs a transient source could have been observed at lower energies several years earlier, even assuming the characteristic scale of in-vacuo dispersion to be close to the Planck scale. We report that GRB090401B is in excellent directional agreement with KM3-230213A, and we discuss a strategy of in-vacuo-dispersion analysis suitable for estimating the significance of KM3-230213A as a GRB090401B-neutrino candidate. The <em>p</em>-value resulting from our analysis (0.015) is not small enough to warrant any excitement, but small enough to establish the point that a handful of such coincidences would be sufficient to meaningfully test in-vacuo dispersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New laboratory constraints on neutrinophilic mediators","authors":"P.S. Bhupal Dev ,&nbsp;Doojin Kim ,&nbsp;Deepak Sathyan ,&nbsp;Kuver Sinha ,&nbsp;Yongchao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neutrinophilic mediators are well-motivated messenger particles that can probe some of the least known sectors of fundamental physics involving nonstandard interactions of neutrinos with themselves and potentially with dark matter. In particular, light mediators coupling to the active neutrinos will induce new decay modes of the Standard Model mesons (e.g., <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mover><mi>ν</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></mover><mo>+</mo><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span>), charged leptons (e.g., <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mover><mi>ν</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></mover><mo>+</mo><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span>), and gauge bosons (e.g., <span><math><mi>Z</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>ν</mi><mo>+</mo><mover><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mo>+</mo><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span>). A common lore is that these decays suffer from infrared divergences in the limit of the vanishing mediator mass, i.e., <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>→</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span>. Here, we show that including the 1-loop contributions of these mediators to the standard 2-body decays (e.g., <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mover><mi>ν</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></mover></math></span>, etc.), the infrared divergence from the 3-body decay cancels out exactly by virtue of the Kinoshita–Lee–Nauenberg theorem. Including these cancellation effects, we then update the existing laboratory constraints on neutrinophilic scalar mediators, thereby extending the limits far beyond the decaying parent particle mass and excluding a wider range of parameter space. These new “physical” limits derived here have significant implications for the future detection prospects of nonstandard neutrino (self-)interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The non-orientable spacetime of the eternal black hole","authors":"Ovidiu Racorean","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We derive the metric of the BTZ black hole for the special case of interchanging the characteristics of space and time coordinates. We maximally extend the geometry of this interior solution and show that the line element is similar to its exterior solution counterpart. Thus, we assign the thermofield double state dual to this interior geometric construction. As a result, we have two independent thermofield double states corresponding to the BTZ metric: one dual to the exterior solution and one dual to the interior solution. In this scenario, considering both thermofield double states as dual to the full BTZ black hole, we evaluate the partition function of the bulk. The partition function represents a non-orientable spacetime. Additionally, we derive a thermofield double-like state that connects in the gravity dual the regions of spacetime with opposite orientations of space and time. We conclude by discussing the connections between the partition function of the full BTZ black hole and topological invariants that characterize many-body topological phases of matter protected by orientation-reversing symmetries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type-II seesaw of a non-holomorphic modular A4 symmetry","authors":"Takaaki Nomura ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Okada","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We search for predictability of lepton masses and mixing patterns of type-II seesaw scenario in a non-holomorphic modular <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> symmetry recently proposed by Qu and Ding. We propose three types of minimum predictive models with different assignments of modular weight, satisfying the neutrino oscillation data in Nufit 5.2. The cosmological bound on the sum of neutrino mass is stringent to our models and CMB bound <span><math><mo>∑</mo><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.12</mn></math></span> eV can be satisfied by one of three models playing an important role in discriminating them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching for neutrino self-interactions at future muon colliders","authors":"Hongkai Liu ,&nbsp;Daiki Ueda","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-TeV muon colliders offer a powerful means of accessing new physics coupled to muons while generating clean and intense high-energy neutrino beams via muon decays. We study a fixed-target experiment leveraging the neutrino beams and a forward detector pointing at the interaction point of the muon collider. The sensitivity to neutrino self-interactions is analyzed as a feasibility study, focusing on the leptonic scalar <em>ϕ</em> exclusively coupled to the Standard Model neutrinos. Our work shows that projections from both the main and forward detectors can enhance the existing limits by two orders of magnitude, surpassing other future experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavor-changing Lorentz and CPT violation in muonic atoms","authors":"V. Alan Kostelecký ,&nbsp;W.P. McNulty ,&nbsp;E. Passemar ,&nbsp;N. Sherrill","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flavor-changing signatures of Lorentz and CPT violation involving muon-electron conversions in muonic atoms are studied using effective field theory. Constraints on coefficients for Lorentz violation at parts in <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> GeV⁻¹ for flavor-changing electromagnetic muon decays and parts in <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> GeV⁻² for flavor-changing 4-point quark-lepton interactions are extracted using existing data from the SINDRUM II experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Estimates are provided for sensitivities attainable in the forthcoming experiments Mu2e at Fermilab and COMET at the Japan Proton Accelerator Complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violation of NCQ scaling in hadron elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at sNN=3.0−7.7GeV","authors":"Xun Zhu ,&nbsp;Gao-Chan Yong","doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling of elliptic flow for various hadrons in non-central Au+Au collisions at <span><math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>3.0</mn><mtext>–</mtext><mn>7.7</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math></span> using the AMPT model with string melting (SM) and pure hadron cascade (HC) modes. For the SM case, NCQ scaling is absent at <span><math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>3.0</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math></span> but is largely restored by <span><math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>3.9</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math></span>. Although quark coalescence occurs at <span><math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>3.0</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math></span>, the lack of NCQ scaling is attributed to the insufficient development of quark elliptic flow and the limited production of strange quarks and antiquarks. This finding suggests that NCQ scaling could not be considered a definitive signature of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in the RHIC fixed-target energy region. For the HC case, as expected, no NCQ scaling is observed. However, a mass ordering in the elliptic flow emerges at <span><math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>4.5</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math></span>, indicating that full thermalization may not be a prerequisite for mass ordering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20162,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters B","volume":"868 ","pages":"Article 139752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}