IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2025.4629

B Teofilović, A Tomas, N Martić, N Stilinović, I Čapo, N Grujić-Letić, E Gligorić, A Rašković

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) aqueous extract: Impact on glycemia and oxidative stress in normoglycemic and diabetic rats.","authors":"B Teofilović, A Tomas, N Martić, N Stilinović, I Čapo, N Grujić-Letić, E Gligorić, A Rašković","doi":"10.1691/ph.2025.4629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2025.4629","url":null,"abstract":"The prevention of nutrition-related diseases holds paramount significance for human well-being. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L., Lamiaceae) emerges as a noteworthy candidate due to its robust antioxidant properties attributed to a high concentration of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, promising potential health benefits for humans. Notably, bile acids and their derivatives exert influence on the metabolic effects of both conventional and herbal drugs. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of administering an aqueous basil extract for seven days on glycemia and in vivo antioxidant activity in both healthy and diabetic animals, either alone or in combination with a bile acid derivative. The experimental design involved normoglycemic and diabetic Wistar rats subjected to a seven-day regimen of saline and basil water extract. Hyperglycemia was induced using alloxan. Following the treatment period, animals were euthanized by cardiopuncture, and serum analyses were conducted to assess fasting blood glucose levels and biochemical parameters. Additional assessments included oral glucose tolerance tests and antioxidative stress enzyme assays. The findings showed a significant hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous basil extract in both normoglycemic and diabetic animals. The extract also decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Basil extract treatment displayed protective effects on glycemia in both normoglycemic and diabetic animals, indicating considerable antioxidant potential. These effects were evident through increased antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased lipid peroxidation, affirming the beneficial impact of aqueous basil extract on health parameters.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"80 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coumarins attenuate intestinal motility by inhibiting TMEM16A. 香豆素通过抑制TMEM16A来减弱肠道蠕动。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2025.4544

Xiaojuan Zhu, Hao Wang, Bo Yu, Lingling Jin, Chao Qu, Hongyan Li, Hong Yang

{"title":"Coumarins attenuate intestinal motility by inhibiting TMEM16A.","authors":"Xiaojuan Zhu, Hao Wang, Bo Yu, Lingling Jin, Chao Qu, Hongyan Li, Hong Yang","doi":"10.1691/ph.2025.4544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2025.4544","url":null,"abstract":"Transmembrane 16A (TMEM16A) is highly expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and participates in ICC-mediated rhythmic contractile activity of intestinal smooth muscle. TMEM16A is also expressed in epithelium of intestine with a minor contributor to transepithelial fluid secretion, while other unidentified Ca2+ -activated Cl - channels (unCaCCs) are mainly responsible for this physiological process. TMEM16A/CaCCs dysfunction can lead to disorders of intestinal motility and transepithelial fluid secretion. TMEM16A/CaCCs regulators are important tools to identify unCaCCs and study the physiopathological functions related to TMEM16A/CaCCs. In the present study, coumarins were identified as TMEM16A inhibitors in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in TMEM16A-expressed Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) epithelial cells. Coumarins attenuated intestinal motility by inhibiting TMEM16A in vivo and ex vivo. Coumarins inhibited CaCCs-mediated Cl- currents induced by ATP in T84 and HT-29 cells or by carbachol (CCh) in mouse colonic mucosa with reduction of ATP-induced increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in HT-29 cells. Coumarins inhibited basolateral Ca2+ -activated K+ channels without affecting Na + /K + -ATPase activity in mouse colonic mucosa. Coumarins did not show inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but mild activation of CFTR-mediated Cl - currents under the low concentration forskolin (FSK) in CFTR-expressed FRT cells, while coumarins did not activate CFTR-mediated Cl- currents in mouse colonic mucosa. This study was the first to demonstrate that coumarins attenuate intestinal motility by inhibiting TMEM16A, which may provide a strategy for clinical drug intervention aimed at reducing secretory diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"80 1","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetic study of two sulfamethoxazole-phytochemical antimicrobial conjugates in mice. 两种磺胺甲恶唑-植物化学抗菌偶联物在小鼠体内的药动学研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2025.5510

J Yang, B Ling, S B Chidambaram, M K Sakharkar

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a fast LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of creatine and taurine in sports supplements. 快速LC-MS/MS定量运动补充剂中肌酸和牛磺酸方法的建立和验证。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2025.4059

R van der Merwe, W Liebenberg, H J R Lemmer, F van der Kooy

{"title":"Development and validation of a fast LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of creatine and taurine in sports supplements.","authors":"R van der Merwe, W Liebenberg, H J R Lemmer, F van der Kooy","doi":"10.1691/ph.2025.4059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2025.4059","url":null,"abstract":"Sports supplements containing a combination of creatine and taurine have seen a dramatic rise in popularity. However, adequate analytical techniques for the quantification of these metabolites in tissue samples and supplements are essential. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry offers a selective and sensitive alternative but to date, no method has been reported for the quantification of both compounds in combination. The main objective was to develop and validate a fast analytical method using LC-MS/MS and to test its suitability on seven commercial sports supplements. An isocratic method with a run time of 2.5 min using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column and multiple reaction monitoring transitions was developed and validated for linearity, precision, LOD and LOQ, ruggedness and recovery. Spiking experiments on seven commercial samples were conducted to test for possible ion enhancement/suppression. All validation parameters fell well within acceptable limits and the spiking recoveries of the commercial samples all fell between 81-116%. The seven products revealed large discrepancies between the measured values by as much as +99.66% for creatine and as low as -83.81% for taurine as compared to the label claims. These discrepancies highlight the importance of quality control, as inaccurate labelling could lead to unintentional overdosing, which may cause gastric issues and, in severe cases, kidney problems.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"80 1","pages":"2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disproportionality analysis of cardiac adverse events associated with sorafenib using Spontaneous Reporting Database in Japanese. 使用日本自发报告数据库对索拉非尼相关心脏不良事件进行歧化分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2025.4624

Y Kanbayashi, R Kano, E Tsuchiya, H Wakabayashi, Y Kawahara, T Shimizu, M Uchida

{"title":"Disproportionality analysis of cardiac adverse events associated with sorafenib using Spontaneous Reporting Database in Japanese.","authors":"Y Kanbayashi, R Kano, E Tsuchiya, H Wakabayashi, Y Kawahara, T Shimizu, M Uchida","doi":"10.1691/ph.2025.4624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2025.4624","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the disproportionality, times to onset, incidence rates, and outcomes of sorafenib-associated cardiac AEs, using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. We analyzed data for the period between April 2004 and May 2023. Data on cardiac AEs were extracted and the relative disproportionality of AEs was estimated using reporting odds ratios (RORs). We analyzed 2,230,863 reports and identified 8,374 reports of AEs associated with sorafenib, including 318 cardiac AEs. Signals were detected for seven cardiac AEs: hypertension, cardiac failure congestive, myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, myocardial ischaemia, and angina unstable. Among these, fatal outcomes were observed for cardiac failure congestive, myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischaemia. Histograms of median times to onset for the seven detected cardiac AE signals showed that AEs occurred at a median of 9-159 days after sorafenib administration. Weibull distributions showed that the incidence of all these AEs occurred constantly throughout the exposure period (random failure type). In conclusion, we focused on cardiac AEs associated with sorafenib as post-marketing AEs. Some cases could experience serious outcomes after sorafenib administration. Patients should be monitored for signs of onset for these AEs not only at the start of administration, but also over an extended period.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"80 1","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of the third and fourth generation of combined oral contraceptives on hematological and hemostasis parameters. 第三代和第四代复方口服避孕药对血液学和止血参数的影响。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2025.4651

B Vučković, M Novaković, D Dobrijević, S Ikonov, S Tubić, M Jozing, N Kladar, N Martić, A Rašković, G Mitić

{"title":"The influence of the third and fourth generation of combined oral contraceptives on hematological and hemostasis parameters.","authors":"B Vučković, M Novaković, D Dobrijević, S Ikonov, S Tubić, M Jozing, N Kladar, N Martić, A Rašković, G Mitić","doi":"10.1691/ph.2025.4651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2025.4651","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objectives: Combined oral contraceptives (COC) represent an effective form of fertility control, with numerous potential side effects. The aim was to monitor the difference in hematological and hemostatic parameters in users and nonusers of oral contraceptives. Methods: A descriptive study included 121 subjects, classified as 72 oral contraceptive users and 49 nonusers. Participants were recruited by randomization from the Institute for Student Health Care in Novi Sad. Results: There was no difference in age and body mass index between the groups. The frequency of smoking was higher in the nonusers compared to users (36% vs. 19%; χ 2=0.039). No significant difference in hematological parameters when comparing the groups was noted. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were significantly shorter in the users compared to nonusers (24.69 ± 1.83 s vs. 25.78 ± 2.85 s; p = 0.011 and 9.72 ± 2.16 s vs. 10.50 ± 1.93 s vs. p = 0.045, respectively). Significant differences in area under the curve (AUC) for endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and the time required to reach the maximum thrombin level (ETP-tmax) were noticed when comparing oral contraceptive users and the control group (111.40 ± 28.14 % vs. 93.32 ± 17.03 %; p = 0.02, and 69.85 ± 11.15 vs. 80.78 ± 14.87 s, p = 0.02, respectively). There was no difference in fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations, while antithrombin and von Willebrand factor were lower in the control group, without statistical significance. Conclusion: The use of oral contraceptives of the third and fourth generation leads to changes in the hemostasis functionality in terms of the shortening of aPTT and PT, and an increase in ETP, thus potentially enabling the identification of women with the increased venous thrombosis risk.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"80 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct comparison of the effects of first- and second-generation H₁ -receptor blockers on motor functions in mice. 第一代和第二代H1受体阻滞剂对小鼠运动功能影响的直接比较。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2025.5509

K Taguchi, K Tenjin, Y Sakamoto, A Shimada, R Hara, O Iketani, Y Okamoto, Y Enoki, J Kizu, S Hori, K Matsumoto

{"title":"Direct comparison of the effects of first- and second-generation H1 -receptor blockers on motor functions in mice.","authors":"K Taguchi, K Tenjin, Y Sakamoto, A Shimada, R Hara, O Iketani, Y Okamoto, Y Enoki, J Kizu, S Hori, K Matsumoto","doi":"10.1691/ph.2025.5509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2025.5509","url":null,"abstract":"Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists are widely used to treat allergic reactions; however, their effects on the central nervous system can impair motor functions. This study investigated the impact of first-generation (diphenhydramine and d -chlorpheniramine) and second-generation (epinastine, ketotifen, bepotastine, and levocetirizine) H1R antagonists on motor functions in mice using activity wheel, balance beam, inclined screen, and rotarod tests. First-generation H1R antagonists significantly impaired motor functions, with diphenhydramine exerting stronger effects than those of d -chlorpheniramine. Among the second-generation agents, bepotastine and levocetirizine had minimal effects on all motor functions, whereas epinastine and ketotifen suppressed spontaneous movement, similar to first-generation H1R antagonists but had little effects on balance, postural stability, and coordinated movement. These findings provide valuable insights into the differential effects of first- and second-generation H1R antagonists on motor functions. These results highlight the importance of understanding individual profiles of H1R antagonists to minimize adverse effects, ensure patient safety, and improve quality of life.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"80 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmaceutical company PLIVA: from Nobel laureate Vladimir Prelog to global blockbuster - antibiotic azithromycin^. 制药公司PLIVA：从诺贝尔奖得主弗拉基米尔·普雷洛格到全球重磅之作——抗生素阿奇霉素。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2024.4047

Z Banić Tomišić, S Inić

{"title":"Pharmaceutical company PLIVA: from Nobel laureate Vladimir Prelog to global blockbuster - antibiotic azithromycin.","authors":"Z Banić Tomišić, S Inić","doi":"10.1691/ph.2024.4047","DOIUrl":"10.1691/ph.2024.4047","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the Croatian pharmaceutical company PLIVA from the very beginning to the status of a recognisable European and global player is described. Special attention is paid to PLIVA's cooperation with the Croatian Nobel laureate Vladimir Prelog and the invention of the proprietary antibiotic azithromycin. The antibiotic was commercialised in cooperation with the US-based company Pfizer. PLIVA's predecessor was Kaštel, Factory for Chemico-Pharmaceutical Products Joint-Stock Company. It was founded in 1920 in Karlovac, Croatia to continue operation in Zagreb in 1928. Eventually it was incorporated into the State Institute for the Production of Medicines and Vaccines bearing the acronym PLIVA (1942). In 1952, thanks to the collaboration with the organic chemist and 1975 Nobel Prize laureate Vladimir Prelog, the PLIVA Research Institute was founded. Thirty years later the research conducted by a team of scientists led to the invention of azithromycin, a new antibiotic, first member of azalides, a new class of macrolides. The core team working on azithromycin synthesis, development and patent protection (priority patent applications submitted in 1979 and 1981) included Dr Slobodan Đokić, Gabrijela Kobrehel, MSc, Dr Gorjana Lazarevski, and Dr Zrinka Tamburašev. Azithromycin was marketed globally under the trademarks of Sumamed® (PLIVA, 1988) and Zithromax® (Pfizer, 1991). It has become and still is one of the most successful and best-selling antibiotics in the world. The story of PLIVA and azithromycin shows that blockbusters can be invented based on dedication, knowledge and long-time experience despite possibly unfavourable conditions.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"79 10","pages":"246-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of potentially inappropriate medications on emergency ambulance admissions in geriatric patients after discharge. 可能不适当的药物对老年患者出院后急诊救护车入院的影响。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2024.4597

T Kawai, K Momo

{"title":"Impact of potentially inappropriate medications on emergency ambulance admissions in geriatric patients after discharge.","authors":"T Kawai, K Momo","doi":"10.1691/ph.2024.4597","DOIUrl":"10.1691/ph.2024.4597","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the risk of emergency admission by ambulance in patients taking potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). We included 273,932 patients aged over 75 years of age admitted between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019, using the Japan Medical Data Center medical insurance database containing anonymized patient data. We excluded patients without a history of admission. In total, 22,017 patients were included in the analysis. The commonly prescribed PIMs were diuretics, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepines, H2 receptor blockers, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The primary endpoint, which was the incidence rate of emergency admission by ambulance after discharge, was 31.5/100,000 person-days in patients aged over 75 years. The secondary endpoints, which were risk factors for admission, included the use of PIMs, age over 85 years, male sex, history of congestive heart failure, history of chronic respiratory disease, and the number of medications at discharge. In contrast, body mass index was observed to have a negative trend in relation to admission. In conclusion, we observed 31.5/100,000 person-days of emergency admission by ambulance after discharge in patients aged over 75 years. Administration of PIMs upon discharge poses a risk for admission. To avoid emergency admissions via ambulances, it is important to discontinue or reduce the prescription of PIMs while considering the risks and benefits for each patient.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"79 10","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Georgios Photeinos and his Hellenic Pharmacopoeia (1835) published in Ottoman Smyrna. Georgios Photeinos 及其在奥斯曼士麦那出版的《希腊药典》（1835 年）。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Pharmazie Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2024.4050

G Tsoucalas, H Tekiner

{"title":"Georgios Photeinos and his Hellenic Pharmacopoeia (1835) published in Ottoman Smyrna.","authors":"G Tsoucalas, H Tekiner","doi":"10.1691/ph.2024.4050","DOIUrl":"10.1691/ph.2024.4050","url":null,"abstract":"The Hellenic Pharmacopoeia, authored by Ottoman pharmacist Georgios Photeinos and published in 1835 in Smyrna (modern-day Izmir, Türkiye), is a historically significant yet largely overlooked work in 19th-century pharmaceutical literature. At a time when modern pharmaceutical resources in Greek were scarce, Photeinos sought to address this gap by creating a comprehensive pharmacopoeia that extensively drew from the Austrian Pharmacopoeia, as well as French and Latin sources. Although he initiated the project around 1804, political upheavals delayed its completion by more than three decades. Spanning 538 pages, the Hellenic Pharmacopoeia is divided into three sections: a Lexicon of Pharmacopoeia, a Synopsis of the Theory of Chemistry, and a section on Practice of the Pharmacopoeia, or the Preparation. In the lexicon, Photeinos included Turkish terms written in the Greek alphabet, reflecting his commitment to making the work accessible to Turkish-speaking Greek communities within the Ottoman Empire. Despite its ambition, Photeinos' work was overshadowed by the official pharmacopoeia of Greece, published in Athens in 1837 under the same title, Hellenic Pharmacopoeia. His efforts to modernize and standardize pharmaceutical practices for Greek-speaking communities represents an important step toward the professionalization during a period of significant socio-political transformation. This paper examines Photeinos' life, contributions, and the significance of his pharmacopoeia, which has remained largely forgotten.","PeriodicalId":20145,"journal":{"name":"Pharmazie","volume":"79 10","pages":"258-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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