Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Solar power in Blood meridian.","authors":"Hobart Walling","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12924","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12924","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134649533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented black ginseng extract prevents UVB-induced inflammation by regulating the nc886-PKR pathway in human keratinocytes.","authors":"Yuna Kim, Junbo Sim, Kyungeun Jeon, Dehun Ryu, Youngeun Ji, Youngseok Kim, Junoh Kim, Suwon Jeon, Deokhoon Park, Eunsun Jung","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12927","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Continuous exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays can cause inflammation and photodamage. In previous studies, we observed that the upregulation of nc886, a noncoding RNA (ncRNA), can alleviate UVB-induced inflammation through suppression of the protein kinase RNA (PKR) pathway. We aim to investigate the effect of fermented black ginseng extract (FBGE), which has been shown to increase the expression of nc886, on UVB-induced inflammation in keratinocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To confirm the cytotoxicity of FBGE, MTT assay was performed, and no significant cytotoxicity was found on human keratinocytes. The efficacies of FBGE were assessed through qPCR, Western blotting, and ELISA analysis which confirmed regulation of UVB-induced inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis results showed that FBGE inhibited the decrease in nc886 expression and the increase in the methylated nc886 caused by UVB. It also prevented the UVB-induced increase of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE2), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Additionally, FBGE suppressed the PKR-MAPK pathways activated by UVB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results implicate that FBGE can alleviate UVB-induced inflammation through regulation of the nc886-PKR pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92155999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collagen study advances for photoaging skin.","authors":"Helei Liu, Junjuan Dong, Rina Du, Yaoxing Gao, Pengwei Zhao","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12931","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collagen dominates the skin's extracellular matrix (ECM). Type I collagen comprises 80%-90% of the skin's collagen, followed by type III (8%-12%) and type V (5%). Reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinases, and collagen degradation all increase during photoaging, which disrupts the ECM's dynamic balance and lowers the amount of total collagen in the body. In recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have conducted multidimensional and multifaceted studies on collagen and skin photoaging. Collagen and the peptides that are derivates of it are currently being used more and more in biomedicine and medical esthetics.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Offering new suggestions for both the avoidance and remedy of photoaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article reviews collagen and its potential connection to skin photoaging, illustrates the effects of collagen and peptide supplementation derivatives on photoaged skin, and briefly describes other compounds that can also be used to fight photoaging by increasing collagen synthesis in the skin.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Both internal and external aging are inevitable, and as the main component of extracellular matrix, collagen plays a variety of functions in maintaining skin structure and fighting skin aging, and its role in photoaging is undeniable. Ultraviolet radiation can induce increased fragmentation and degradation of cutaneous collagen, while conversely, supplementation with collagen can effectively counteract photodamage-induced skin impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collagen and its derived peptides are indispensable in photoaging skin, holding promising prospects for applications in skin aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138445777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation for melasma treatment: Integrative review and state of the art.","authors":"Thais Rodrigues Galache, Michelle Mota Sena, João Alberto Fioravante Tassinary, Christiane Pavani","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12935","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is a versatile technique for treating skin diseases. Melasma, a chronic hyperpigmentation condition, has recently been associated with vascular features and dermal photoaging and poses significant management challenges. We review the recent literature on melasma etiology and the evidence supporting PBM as a therapeutic modality for melasma treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature search in three different databases from May to August 2023, focusing on studies published in the past 10 years. The inclusion criteria comprised full-text studies investigating low-power lasers and/or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in in vitro or in vivo models, as well as clinical trials. We excluded studies discussing alternative melasma therapies or lacking experimental data. We identified additional studies by searching the reference lists of the selected articles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified nine relevant studies. Clinical studies, in agreement with in vitro experiments and animal models, suggest that PBM effectively reduces melasma-associated hyperpigmentation. Specific wavelengths (red: 630 nm; amber: 585 and 590 nm; infrared: 830 and 850 nm) at radiant exposures between 1 and 20 J/cm² exert modulatory effects on tyrosinase activity, gene expression, and protein synthesis of melanocytic pathway components, and thus significantly reduce the melanin content. Additionally, PBM is effective in improving the dermal structure and reducing erythema and neovascularization, features recently identified as pathological components of melasma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PBM emerges as a promising, contemporary, and non-invasive procedure for treating melasma. Beyond its role in inhibiting melanogenesis, PBM shows potential in reducing erythema and vascularization and improving dermal conditions. However, robust and well-designed clinical trials are needed to determine optimal light parameters and to evaluate the effects of PBM on melasma thoroughly.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of social knowledge on photoprotection and its relationship with education and age in a Polish seaside town during summer holidays.","authors":"Julia Woźna, Jan Stępka, Andrzej Bałoniak, Zygmunt Adamski","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12920","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This survey aimed to evaluate knowledge of photoprotection among individuals from a random group in a resort town in Poland, Kołobrzeg, and explore the correlation between their knowledge and demographics like age, gender, education, and residence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous survey was conducted among a diverse group. This population comprised individuals from various backgrounds: health spa patients undergoing treatments, therapies and medical appointments, guests visiting the resort for leisure, passersby, and staff working at the spa and recreational facilities. The survey was designed by authors, encompassed 16 questions about knowledge on photoprotection, sunscreen use and related topics, and gathered demographic data. Responses from 142 individuals were statistically analyzed using PQStat Software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 7.7% use sunscreen all year-round. The majority apply sun protection factor (SPF) creams on sunny days or with prolonged sun exposure. Over half of the respondents (53.5%) are aware when to apply sunscreen but 43% reapply it less than every 4 h. 25.4% do not reapply at all. 38.7% think protection provided by higher SPF means longer sun exposure time. Over 50% believe SPF 30 offers double the protection of SPF 15. Almost half (46.8%) use extra sun protection, like sunglasses or hats. Significant correlations exist between education/age and certain survey responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings emphasize the urgency to improve photoprotection knowledge in the Polish population, particularly regarding the year-round harmful solar effects and the correct use of sun protection products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71485024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoprotective effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata extracts on UVB-induced photoaging: A study on skin barrier protection.","authors":"Sungjin Lee, Sarang Oh, Qiwen Zheng, Shengdao Zheng, Myeongju Kim, Sejig Park, Wonmi Choi, Chang Shik Yin, Tae-Hoo Yi","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12950","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata exhibit promising potential as cosmetic additives for mitigating skin barrier impairment induced by photoaging. Despite their potential, the precise mechanisms underlying their protective and ameliorative effects remain elusive. This study sought to assess the reparative properties of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata extracts (LP) on UVB-irradiated human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and explore the therapeutic potential of LP as a skin barrier protection agent.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Antioxidant activities were gauged through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The expression levels of skin barrier-related markers, encompassing metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hyaluronidase (HYAL) were scrutinized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, and Western blotting, with a particular focus on the involvement of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that LP effectively scavenges free radicals, diminishes ROS production in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly attenuates UVB-induced expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 through modulation of the hyaluronan synthase (HAS)2/HYAL1 signaling axis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Additionally, LP demonstrated enhanced TGF-β signaling activation, fostering procollagen type I synthesis, and concurrently exhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/NF-κB signaling inactivation, thereby mitigating pro-inflammatory cytokine release and alleviating UVB-induced cellular damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the observed protective effects of LP on skin cellular constituents highlight its substantial biological potential for shielding against UVB-induced skin photoaging, positioning it as a promising candidate for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"e12950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A focused review of visible light therapies for vitiligo.","authors":"Mitchell J Winkie, Goranit Sakunchotpanit, Carlos E Salazar, Nicole S Gunasekera, Elizabeth A Buzney, Vinod E Nambudiri","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12939","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitiligo can be challenging to treat and exhibit an unpredictable clinical course. Phototherapy in the form of visible light can achieve both repigmentation and depigmentation outcomes in vitiligo, with minimal associated adverse events. This review focuses on the mechanistic understandings and clinical outcomes of visible light-based treatments for vitiligo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles were retrieved from PubMed starting from May 1965 until August 2023, yielding 496 unique articles. We conducted title, abstract, and full-text screening to identify articles describing the use of visible light (380-750 nm), either as part of combination therapy or as monotherapy, for repigmentation or depigmentation treatment in vitiligo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven articles met inclusion criteria, offering preclinical and clinical data regarding the utilization of helium-neon laser (red light) and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as methods of repigmentation therapy in vitiligo. Preclinical and clinical data on the utilization of Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm) and frequency-doubled (FD) Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) for vitiligo depigmentation therapy were also identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While limited by small studies and a lack of standardized administration of phototherapy, the evidence for visible light's effectiveness in managing vitiligo is encouraging. Red light therapy using He-Ne lasers and blue light therapy via LEDs can stimulate repigmentation in patients with vitiligo with minimal adverse events. Q-switched ruby and FD Nd:YAG lasers provide viable, visible light depigmentation options, either alone or with topical agents. With limited clinical data, larger studies are needed to validate the efficacy of visible light therapy in treating vitiligo and to better understand its long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138808686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of skin cancer among psoriasis, vitiligo, and mycosis fungoides patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy.","authors":"Ilit Mimouni, Julia Shulman, Awni Abu Unes, Lev Pavlovsky, Felix Pavlotsky","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12936","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is a popular and relatively contemporary treatment option. However, only a few studies to date have explored the potential risk of skin cancer following NB-UVB treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the potential long-term risk of skin cancer in patients treated with NB-UVB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included patients with psoriasis, vitiligo, and mycosis fungoides treated with NB-UVB at two university hospitals in Israel in 2000-2005. Patients were followed up for skin cancer for at least 10 years. Data were extracted from the hospital and community medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 767 patients were included in this study: 509 with psoriasis, 122 with vitiligo, and 136 with mycosis fungoides. The mean follow-up duration was 13 years. Among these patients, 4.43% developed skin cancer during the follow-up (3.93% had psoriasis, 2.46% had vitiligo, and 8.09% had mycosis fungoides). Old age and fair skin type were the only significant independent risk factors for skin cancer. There was no significant difference in the mean number of NB-UVB treatments among patients who developed skin cancer and those who did not (99.09 vs. 94.79, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No association was observed between the number of NB-UVB treatments and carcinogenesis in any study group. Age is a significant risk factor, and older patients treated with NB-UVB should be followed up carefully.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy combined with intralesional injection of either latanoprost or platelet-rich plasma for stable nonsegmental vitiligo.","authors":"Manal Fawzy, Sahar Al-Mokadem, Mabrokah Alshereef, Basma Elkholy","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12929","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is the cornerstone of vitiligo treatment. Its combination with other treatments usually yields a better response. Latanoprost, a prostaglandin F2α analog, and autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been reported to be effective for vitiligo.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of NB-UVB combined with intralesional latanoprost or PRP for stable nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients with stable NSV were recruited and randomly allocated to two equal groups. NB-UVB phototherapy was administered twice a week for all patients. Additionally, group A received intralesional latanoprost injections once weekly, while group B received intralesional autologous PRP injections every 2 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 24 weeks, excellent repigmentation response was observed in 26.7% and 13.3% of patients in the latanoprost/NB-UVB and PRP/NB-UVB groups, respectively, with no significant difference in degrees of repigmentation between the two groups. However, the Vitiligo Extent Score for a Target Area (VESTA) score was significantly higher in the latanoprost/NB-UVB group (p = .032). Moreover, lesions located on nonacral skin responded significantly better than those on acral skin. Only erythema was significantly higher in the PRP/NB-UVB group, while the recurrence of depigmentation was significantly higher in the latanoprost/NB-UVB group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both latanoprost and PRP have the potential to be effective add-on therapies to NB-UVB phototherapy for stable NSV, with latanoprost resulting in a greater repigmentation response and PRP producing a more stable response.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and safety of low- versus high-fluence fractional picosecond Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser in the treatment of acne scars: A randomized split-face comparison study.","authors":"Si-Hyung Lee, Dong Hyo Kim, Seong Jin Jo, Youngkyoung Lim, Ji Won Lee, Jun Hyo Lee, Tae Min Kim, Seong Rae Kim, Jeewoo Kang, Ji Young Yoon, Dae Hun Suh","doi":"10.1111/phpp.12922","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phpp.12922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differences in clinical efficacy based on the fluence of fractional picosecond laser treatment for acne scars are unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the efficacy and safety of low-fluence versus high-fluence fractional picosecond Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser treatment in acne scar patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 12-week, investigator-blinded, randomized, split-face study, 25 patients with moderate-to-severe acne scars received three sessions of high-fluence laser treatment (1.0 J/cm² ) on one side of their face and low-fluence (0.3 J/cm² ) on the other side every 4 weeks. Patients were assessed using acne scar counts, the scar global assessment (SGA), and the ECCA scar grading scale every 4 weeks. The histological analysis compared the acne scars obtained before and 4 weeks after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At their last visit, 88.00% and 92.00% of the subjects achieved >30% reduction in scar counts on the low- and high-fluence sides, respectively, without a significant difference between the two sides. On both sides, the scar counts, SGA, and ECCA score significantly improved 4 weeks after the last treatment. Although the high-fluence side showed a greater reduction in scar counts (-66.73%) than the low-fluence side (-62.13%), the two sides had no significant difference in the grading scores. The high-fluence side showed significantly more severe pain and higher side-effect scores immediately and 4 weeks after treatment. Histological analysis revealed a significantly increased collagen, elastin, and vimentin expression after treatment on the low-fluence side.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The low-fluence setting demonstrated comparable efficacy and superior safety in treating acne scars compared with the high-fluence setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":20123,"journal":{"name":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"e12922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}