Photomedicine and laser surgery最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Efficacy of Home-Use Photobiomodulation Devices: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Lilach Gavish, Nicolette Nadene Houreld","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4512","DOIUrl":"10.1089/pho.2018.4512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Perform systematic literature review on photobiomodulation (PBM) devices used at home for nonesthetic applications.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Home-use PBM devices have been marketed for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. This is the first systematic literature review for nonesthetic applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted for PBM devices self-applied at home at least thrice a week. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and extracted the data. Treatment dosage appropriateness was compared to the World Association for Laser Therapy (WALT) recommendations. The efficacy was evaluated according to the relevant primary end-point for the specific indication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies were suitable. Devices were applied for a range of indications, including pain, cognitive dysfunction, wound healing, diabetic macular edema, and postprocedural side effects, and were mostly based on near-infrared, pulsed light-emitting diodes with dosages within WALT recommendations. Regarding efficacy, studies reported mostly positive results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Home-use PBM devices appear to mediate effective, safe treatments in a variety of conditions that require frequent applications. Conclusive evaluation of their efficacy requires additional, randomized controlled studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36714262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear Bond Strength of Different CAD/CAM Ceramics: Acid vs Er:YAG Laser Etching.","authors":"Yepo Hou,&nbsp;Renze Shen,&nbsp;Luyuan Chen,&nbsp;Yi Chen,&nbsp;Yingtong Jiang,&nbsp;JingMei Li,&nbsp;Jie Gao","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether Er:YAG laser etching could be an alternative surface treatment to hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Surface treatment is important to bonding properties and utility times of computer aided design/computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) dental ceramics. The traditional method of HF acid etching is harmful to humans if not handled properly.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four different CAD/CAM ceramics (Vita Mark II, IPS Empress CAD, IPS e.max CAD, and Vita Enamic) were cut into 72 blocks and divided into 6 groups according to different surface treatments (n = 12): Group A: no treatment; Group B: HF acid; and Group C to F: different Er:YAG laser power settings (300, 400, 500, and 600 mJ). Ten blocks of each group were measured for shear bond strength (SBS) and the failure modes were evaluated; the rest blocks were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HF acid etching resulted in the highest SBS for Vita Mark II, IPS Empress CAD, and Vita Enamic; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) compared to the second highest group of laser with 600 mJ in IPS Empress CAD. For IPS e.max CAD, the highest SBS was obtained from laser group with 400 mJ. The SBS results were consistent with failure modes and surface characterizations in SEM images.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results showed that Er:YAG laser had little impact on Vita Mark II and Vita Enamic; but proper power settings could be an alternative surface treatment to HF acid etching (600 mJ for IPS Empress CAD and 400 mJ for IPS e.max CAD).</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"614-620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36499242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation Therapy in Bone Repair Associated with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Guided Bone Regeneration: A Histomorphometric Study.","authors":"Marleny Elizabeth Marquez de Martinez Gerbi,&nbsp;Jéssica Meirinhos Miranda,&nbsp;José Alcides Almeida de Arruda,&nbsp;Lara Marques Magalhães Moreno,&nbsp;Vanda Sanderana Macêdo Carneiro,&nbsp;Natália Costa Brasilino,&nbsp;Rebeca Ferraz Menezes,&nbsp;Aldo Brugnera Junior,&nbsp;Antonio Luiz Barbosa Pinheiro","doi":"10.1089/pho.2017.4421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2017.4421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation for bone repair of critical surgical wounds with implants of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and bovine biological membranes, using histological and histomorphometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Tissue engineering has been developing rapidly through the use of various biomaterials for the treatment of bone defects, such as mechanical barriers consisting of biological membranes and implants of biomaterials for bone supply.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): group I-C: control; group II-PT: photobiomodulation therapy; group III-PM: Gen-Pro^® BMPs+Gen-Derm^® membrane; and group IV-PMPT: Gen-Pro^® BMPs+Gen-Derm^® membrane+photobiomodulation therapy. A 3 mm bone cavity was performed in the upper third of the lateral surface of the right rat femur to obtain a bone defect considered to be critical. The irradiated groups received seven applications of AlGaAs diode laser 830 nm, P = 40 mW, continuous wave (CW) emission mode, f ∼ 0.6 mm, 4 J/cm² per point (north, south, east, and west) at 48 h intervals, for a total of 16 J/cm² per session (final dose: 112 J/cm²). Bone repair was evaluated at sacrifice 15 and 30 days after the procedure. The specimens were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius for analysis by light microscopy and by the Leica interactive measurement module software. Statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histological analysis confirmed the histomorphometric results, with the experimental groups showing bone neoformation of significantly higher quality and quantity at the end of 30 days compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Photobiomodulation therapy was effective for bone repair mainly when associated with BMPs and a biological membrane. The results of this study are promising and stimulate further scientific and clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"581-588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2017.4421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36673841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Luted with RMGIC After Er:YAG Laser Etching with Two Pulse Modes Using a Digitally Controlled \"X-Runner\" Handpiece.","authors":"Leila Latić Hodžić,&nbsp;Andrei C Ionescu,&nbsp;Eugenio Brambilla,&nbsp;Matteo Basso,&nbsp;Dragana Gabrić,&nbsp;Senka Meštrović","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) values of orthodontic brackets luted using a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on enamel surfaces etched using either an Er:YAG laser in two different working modes, or a conventional etching protocol, including phosphoric acid.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty healthy human premolars were randomly allocated to three experimental groups (n = 20) and etched with: Group 1: Er:YAG laser in super-short pulse (SSP) mode (100 mJ, 20 Hz, 2 W); Group 2: Er:YAG laser in quantum square pulse mode (120 mJ, 10 Hz, 1.2 W) using a digitally controlled handpiece (\"X-Runner\"); Group 3 (control): 5.25% sodium hypochlorite pretreatment, then 37% phosphoric acid for 15 sec. Stainless steel brackets were bonded using light-curing RMGIC for orthodontic bonding. After term cycling (1800 cycles), SBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine. After debonding, both enamel and bracket surfaces were examined to determine the amount of RMGIC still present on the surfaces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 3 surfaces gave the lowest mean SBS (10.6104 ± 2.66196 MPa), whereas Group 1 provided the highest 1 (13.1795 ± 3.37904 MPa), which was significantly different from the control (Group 3, p = 0.0226). Group 2 provided intermediate values (11.8486 ± 0.59832 MPa) nonsignificantly different from the control or from SSP (p = 0.4215 and p = 0.3082, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Er:YAG laser treatment in SSP mode of enamel surfaces for orthodontic bonding provided higher SBS and a shear behavior of the luting material similar to the conventional acid-etching procedures, making it a viable alternative to acid etching.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"608-613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36497657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Evaluation of Enamel Microleakage with One-Step Self-Etch Adhesives.","authors":"Alaa Turkistani,&nbsp;Maha Almutairi,&nbsp;Nouf Banakhar,&nbsp;Reem Rubehan,&nbsp;Sulafa Mugharbil,&nbsp;Ahmed Jamleh,&nbsp;Adnan Nasir,&nbsp;Turki Bakhsh","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this in vitro study, cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) was used to evaluate microleakage in dental composite restorations bonded to enamel with two types of one-step self-etching (SE) adhesives.</p><p><strong>Background data: </strong>One-step SE adhesives were proposed to simplify bonding of composite restorations. However, bonding of these simplified adhesive to dental enamel is still questionable. OCT is a promising diagnostic tool that allows micron-scale imaging of biological tissues and structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Class-V cavities (4-mm diameter × 1-mm depth) were prepared on the labial surfaces of extracted human anterior teeth with margins and floor located in enamel. The cavities were then divided into two groups (n = 5) and restored with either Tetric N-Bond Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) or Palfique Bond (Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Japan), followed by Estelite Flow Quick flowable composite (Tokuyama Dental Corporation). After storage in 100% humidity for 24 h, specimens were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate solution for another 24 h. Later, they were rinsed and immersed in photo-developing solution under fluorescent light for 8 h. CP-OCT at 1310 nm center wavelength was used to scan seven two-dimensional cross-sectional images from each specimen. Each cross-sectional image was analyzed using ImageJ software to quantify interfacial microleakage at the cavity floor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Student's t-test showed significant difference between the tested adhesives (p < 0.05). Palfique Bond adhesive presented inferior interfacial adaptation as it obtained higher values of floor microleakage compared to Tetric N-Bond Universal adhesive group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CP-OCT enabled nondestructive quantitative assessment of microleakage in enamel dental restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"589-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36150340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Laser Photobiomodulation and Ozone Therapy on Palatal Epithelial Wound Healing and Patient Morbidity.","authors":"Sila Cagri Isler,&nbsp;Ahu Uraz,&nbsp;Berceste Guler,&nbsp;Yucel Ozdemir,&nbsp;Serpil Cula,&nbsp;Deniz Cetiner","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) and topical ozone therapy on the reepithelialization of palatal donor site wounds through clinical assessment and computer-aided image analysis and to assess the patient morbidity following free gingival graft (FGG) surgeries.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Thirty-six patients requiring FGG were randomly allocated into three groups: laser group (n = 12), ozone group (n = 12), and control group (n = 12). Epithelialization was evaluated by applying 3% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to the wound area and also measured by using digital image analysis (ImageJ). Bland-Altman plots were used for assessing agreement between H₂O₂ and ImageJ measurements. Parameters in relation to patient morbidity were assessed by using visual analog scale (VAS) on the first 3, 7, 14, and 30 days postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At day 14, statistically significant smaller wounds were observed with digital image analysis in the ozone group as compared with the control group (p = 0.034). However, intergroup comparison of the remaining wound area evaluated by the clinician using the H₂O₂ method did not reveal any significant differences (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, according to Bland-Altman analysis, the lower and upper limits showed a moderate agreement between the two measurement methods. The mean VAS sores exhibiting postoperative discomfort was observed to be significantly higher in the control group compared with the laser group (p = 0.002) and ozone group (p < 0.001) at day 7.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adjunctive ozone therapy could have a significantly beneficial effect on the acceleration of palatal wound healing following FGG procedures. Both PBM and ozone treatment modalities reduced postoperative discomfort as compared with spontaneous healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"571-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36525624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcrack Analysis of Dental Hard Tissue After Root Canal Irradiation with a 970-nm Diode Laser.","authors":"Andreas Braun,&nbsp;Frederic Jean-Pierre Hagelauer,&nbsp;Johannes Wenzler,&nbsp;Matthias Heimer,&nbsp;Roland Frankenberger,&nbsp;Steffen Stein","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in the amount of dentin microcracking caused by the use of a 970-nm diode laser with different parameters for endodontic disinfection procedures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty dental roots underwent mechanical endodontic preparation in a standardized manner. Each sample was randomly allocated to 4 groups receiving constant or interval laser irradiation time, calcium hydroxide disinfection, or a control group, with 10 samples per group. Transmission microscopy of all samples was performed at T0, before preparation; T1, immediately after endodontic preparation; and T2, after laser application in the laser groups and after 1 week of storage in the control and calcium hydroxide groups. The microcracks at each measurement point were color labeled, layered, and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were noted at T0 and T1 (p > 0.05). Statistically significant differences in the overall amount of microcracking were observed between the constant laser group and all other groups at T2 (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the interval laser group, the calcium hydroxide group, and the control group at T2 in relation to the overall amount of microcracking (p > 0.05). When the root sections were analyzed separately, the coronal section did not show any statistically significant differences between the constant laser and interval laser groups (p > 0.05). The middle and apical root sections in the constant laser group showed the significantly largest amount of crack formation in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). The statistically significantly smallest amount of crack formation was observed in the apical third for all groups (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinically proposed laser protocol seems to be able to prevent side effects to the tissue, such as microcracks of the root canal dentine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"621-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36525620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Laser the Best Choice for the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis?","authors":"Jamil Awad Shibli","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"569-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36673842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bonding Strength of Orthodontic Brackets on Porcelain Surfaces Etched by Er:YAG Laser.","authors":"Zhuojun Xu,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Fan,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Huang","doi":"10.1089/pho.2017.4429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2017.4429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of erbium: yttrium aluminium garnet laser conditioning bond strength of orthodontic brackets on porcelain surfaces.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>There are few studies that evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser about orthodontic bonding on porcelain surface. The efficacy of Er:YAG laser in porcelain conditioning is controversial.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ninety ceramic specimens were randomly divided into five group, group A: etched with hydrofluoric (HF) acid; group B and C: etched with an energy parameter of 250 mJ, 20 Hz and 300 mJ, 20 Hz by Er:YAG laser instrument; group D and E: etched with an energy parameter of 250 mJ, 20 Hz and 300 mJ, 20 Hz of Er:YAG laser with HF etching. Afterward, two samples selected randomly from each group were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Brackets were bonded on the remaining samples, which were stored in distilled water and thermocycled. Each group was measured by shear bond strength (SBS), tensile bond strength (TBS), porcelain fracture index (PFI), and adhesive remnant index (ARI) calculation. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SBS and TBS in group E were the largest. Comparing SBS and TBS of HF group and other Er:YAG laser group, there were statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). PFI was significantly higher in shear force group than the tensile force group. HF group had higher ARI score than the other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Porcelain surfaces etched by 250 mJ, 20 Hz of Er:YAG laser combined with HF acid can get enough bond strength and have lower porcelain fracture rate for orthodontic bracket bonding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"601-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2017.4429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36499244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Er:YAG Laser for Metal and Ceramic Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study on Intrapulpal Temperature, SEM, and EDS Analysis.","authors":"Kinga Grzech-Leśniak,&nbsp;Jacek Matys,&nbsp;Dorota Żmuda-Stawowiak,&nbsp;Krzysztof Mroczka,&nbsp;Marzena Dominiak,&nbsp;Aldo Brugnera Junior,&nbsp;Reinhard Gruber,&nbsp;Georgios E Romanos,&nbsp;Anton Sculean","doi":"10.1089/pho.2017.4412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2017.4412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of bracket removal using an erbium laser on the pulp temperature and enamel surface.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Removal of orthodontic brackets with conventional debonding pliers may result in enamel cracks. To avoid damage to the enamel surface and effectively remove metal or ceramic brackets, different types of lasers, such as Nd:YAG, CO₂, TM:YAP, diode laser, or Er:YAG, have been introduced for debonding.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 55 brackets (n = 55; 20 metal and 35 ceramic ones) were bonded to 55 caries-free premolars extracted for orthodontic indications. Brackets were irradiated with Er:YAG laser (Morita, Irvine, CA) with a wavelength of 2940 nm at a power of 3.4 W, energy 170 mJ, frequency 20 Hz, pulse duration 300 μs, tip diameter 0.8 mm, air/fluid cooling 3 mL/s, and time of irradiation: 6 sec. Debonding was made by scanning (n = 15; 6 sec irradiation at distance of 2 mm from the bracket with an \"S\" shape movement) and circular (n = 15; 6 sec irradiation at distance of 1 mm from the bracket) motion technique in ceramic brackets or the circular motion technique in metal brackets (n = 15). The number of 10 nonirradiated teeth with ceramic (n = 5) or metal brackets (n = 5) was used as a control in SEM test and EDS analysis. The damage in tooth enamel surface and the calcium percentage were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (JEOL 6610LV, JEOL, Japan) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, Oxford, United Kingdom). Temperature changes in the pulp were measured by K-type thermocouple. Evaluation of the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) on the enamel surface of each tooth was examined after bracket debonding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The scanning method has caused significantly lower temperature increase (mean: 0.83°C) compared with circular motion technique around the ceramic brackets (mean: 1.78°C; p = 0.0001) or the metal brackets (mean: 1.29°C; p = 0.015). ARI score showed no differences between the study groups (p = 0.57). SEM analysis revealed no cracks on enamel surface after laser-assisted debonding in comparison with the control samples where cracks were found. EDS showed a higher mean percentage of the calcium (30.7-85.8%) for all test groups compared with control samples (mean: 7%; p = 0.0002). The amount of the calcium elements was higher for metal brackets in comparison with ceramic ones (p = 0.0002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Er:YAG laser-assisted debonding causes a minor increase in the pulp temperature and reduced the risk of enamel damage compared with conventional bracket removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 11","pages":"595-600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2017.4412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36224693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}