Photomedicine and laser surgery最新文献

{"title":"Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. The ELATED-2 Pilot Trial.","authors":"Paolo Cassano,&nbsp;Samuel R Petrie,&nbsp;David Mischoulon,&nbsp;Cristina Cusin,&nbsp;Husam Katnani,&nbsp;Albert Yeung,&nbsp;Luis De Taboada,&nbsp;Abigal Archibald,&nbsp;Eric Bui,&nbsp;Lee Baer,&nbsp;Trina Chang,&nbsp;Justin Chen,&nbsp;Paola Pedrelli,&nbsp;Lauren Fisher,&nbsp;Amy Farabaugh,&nbsp;Michael R Hamblin,&nbsp;Jonathan E Alpert,&nbsp;Maurizio Fava,&nbsp;Dan V Iosifescu","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Our objective was to test the antidepressant effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared (NIR) light in subjects suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). <b><i>Background:</i></b> t-PBM with NIR light is a new treatment for MDD. NIR light is absorbed by mitochondria; it boosts cerebral metabolism, promotes neuroplasticity, and modulates endogenous opioids, while decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> We conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled study on the safety and efficacy [change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D₁₇) total score at end-point] of adjunct t-PBM NIR [823 nm; continuous wave (CW); 28.7 × 2 cm²; 36.2 mW/cm²; up to 65.2 J/cm²; 20-30 min/session], delivered to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilaterally and simultaneously, twice a week, for 8 weeks, in subjects with MDD. Baseline observation carried forward (BOCF), last observation carried forward (LOCF), and completers analyses were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The effect size for the antidepressant effect of t-PBM, based on change in HAM-D₁₇ total score at end-point, was 0.90, 0.75, and 1.5 (Cohen's <i>d</i>), respectively for BOCF (<i>n</i> = 21), LOCF (<i>n</i> = 19), and completers (<i>n</i> = 13). Further, t-PBM was fairly well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> t-PBM with NIR light demonstrated antidepressant properties with a medium to large effect size in patients with MDD. Replication is warranted, especially in consideration of the small sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12","pages":"634-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36606777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Photobiomodulation and Ultrasound Applications on Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption; Transcriptional Alterations in OPG, RANKL, Cox-2: An Experimental Study in Rats.","authors":"Nisa Gul Amuk, G. Kurt, E. Guray","doi":"10.1089/PHO.2018.4508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/PHO.2018.4508","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the reparative and inhibitory effects of a light-emitting diode-mediated photobiomodulation (PBM) and of a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). Materials and methods: Forty-nine Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untreated group (negative control), group treated with orthodontic appliances (positive control), PBM-treated group (wavelength: 618 nm, output power density: 20 mW/cm2), and LIPUS-treated group (frequency: 1.5% ± 5% MHz, pulse repetition ratio: 1.0% ± 10% kHz, effect area: 3.88% ± 1% cm2 and intensity: 30% ± 30% mW/cm2). OIIRR was induced experimentally in rats for 14 days with an applied force of 100g, and therapeutic approaches were performed concurrently. At the end of the experiment, upper first molar teeth of rats were prepared for genetic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn's tests were performed. Results: Number of osteoclasts (p < 0.01), number of resorption lacunae and resorption area ratio (p < 0.001) decreased and number of total cells (p < 0.001) increased with the PBM and LIPUS applications when compared with the positive control group. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels of PBM and LIPUS groups were lower (p < 0.001), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were higher (p < 0.001) than the positive control group. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression significantly decreased with LIPUS and PBM administrations (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed among PBM and LIPUS groups. Conclusions: PBM and LIPUS applications showed marked inhibitory and reparative effects on OIIRR by modulating the OPG/RANKL ratio, Cox-2 expression, and cell differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12 1","pages":"653-659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/PHO.2018.4508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48860518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Will It Take?","authors":"L. Hode","doi":"10.1089/PHO.2018.4550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/PHO.2018.4550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12 1","pages":"629-630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/PHO.2018.4550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adhesion of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> on Er:YAG Laser-Irradiated Dental Enamel: Effect of Surface Roughness.","authors":"Bernardo Teutle-Coyotecatl,&nbsp;Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes,&nbsp;Rogelio J Scougall-Vilchis,&nbsp;Argelia Almaguer-Flores,&nbsp;Victor I García-Pérez,&nbsp;Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis,&nbsp;Jesús A Arenas-Alatorre","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine surface roughness caused by Er:YAG laser irradiation and its effect on the increase in bacterial adhesion. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Er:YAG laser was proposed as a strategic device to reduce caries by its ability to generate chemical and structural changes in tooth enamel; in turn, it produces undesirable effects on the tooth surface that could increase its roughness and allow a greater accumulation of microorganisms. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eighty-four samples of human enamel were divided into seven groups (<i>n</i> = 12): G1_control (no laser irradiation); G2_100/H₂O, G3_200/H₂O, and G4_300/H₂O were irradiated with Er:YAG laser (12.7, 25.5, and 38.2 J/cm², respectively) under water irrigation. In addition, G5_100, G6_200, and G7_300 were irradiated with the energy densities described above and no water irrigation. Surface roughness measurements were recorded before and after treatment using a profilometer. Afterward, three samples per group were incubated in a microorganism suspension for the tetrazolium salt (XTT) assay. Biofilm morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscope. One-way analysis of variance and <i>t</i>-tests were performed for statistical analysis (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were no statistically significant differences in roughness values in the G5_100 group before and after treatment, but there were statistically significant differences observed in the other groups evaluated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No significant differences in adhesion of both strains were detected in irradiated groups compared with G1_control. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The increase in roughness on dental enamel surfaces was proportional to the irradiation conditions. However, the increase in surface roughness caused by Er:YAG laser irradiation did not affect <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>S. sanguinis</i> adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12","pages":"660-666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36525627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Er:YAG Laser Treatment on the Mineral Content and Morphology of Primary Tooth Enamel.","authors":"F. Kahvecioğlu, Kamil Kahraman, H. Akman, G. Tosun","doi":"10.1089/PHO.2018.4482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/PHO.2018.4482","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral content and morphology of primary tooth enamel prepared using an Er:YAG laser at different power settings. Materials and methods: The buccal surfaces of 45 noncarious primary molars were assessed in this study. The surfaces were cleaned and the teeth were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 5 each) to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG laser treatment at different energy levels: 200 mJ, 2 Hz; 200 mJ, 3 Hz; 200 mJ, 10 Hz; 250 mJ, 2 Hz; 250 mJ, 3 Hz; 250 mJ, 10 Hz; 300 mJ, 2 Hz; 300 mJ, 3 Hz; and 300 mJ, 10 Hz. The mean percentage weight (wt%) of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), fluoride (F), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na) in the primary tooth enamel was calculated for each group using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy before and after laser application. The enamel morphology was also evaluated using SEM. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference test. Results: The mean wt% of Ca, P, and F in the enamel exhibited a significant change after laser treatment (p < 0.05); the wt% of Mg, K, and Na remained unchanged (p > 0.05). There was no association between the power setting of the laser and changes in the wt% of minerals in the enamel (p > 0.05). SEM showed that enamel irradiated at different energy levels exhibited a characteristic lava flow appearance, and more surface irregularities were observed with the 250-mJ setting than with the 200-mJ setting. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the mineral content and morphology of the enamel of primary teeth are affected by Er:YAG laser irradiation.","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12 1","pages":"680-686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/PHO.2018.4482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45371087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Photobiomodulation Over Teeth Subjected to Orthodontic Movement.","authors":"Joseli Maria Cordeiro, M. G. Sahad, M. F. Cavalcanti, R. L. Marcos, F. Diomede, O. Trubiani, D. Maria, E. C. Leal-Junior, L. Frigo","doi":"10.1089/PHO.2018.4532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/PHO.2018.4532","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Orthodontics of the 21st century requires aesthetic, painless, predictable, and quick treatments. This demand for faster results generated orthodontic movement acceleration protocols (OMAPs); among other OMAPs we present low-level laser (LLL) as a candidate. Objective: To evaluate levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, and type 1 collagen in the periodontal ligament of first molars of rats subjected to orthodontic traction with and without LLL irradiation, compared with untreated controls (CO), and to evaluate whether the dose of LLL used in this work is eligible as an OMAP. Materials and methods: A total of 35 male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: group 1 NI (nonirradiated) n = 15, group 2 IR (laser irradiated using 5 J, 177 J/cm2, and 100 mW applied in contact to the vestibular mesial, vestibular distal, and palatal faces of gum tissue around molar region for 50 sec each point, for 3 consecutive days, immediately 24 and 48 h after orthodontic device placement.) n = 15, and group 3 CO n = 5; groups 1 and 2 were subjected to orthodontic force and each group was divided into three subgroups that were sacrificed after 3, 5, and 7 days, IL-1/10 and COL-1 levels were analyzed. Results: In the IR group, levels of IL-1/10 and COL-1 showed peak anticipation after LLL irradiation compared with those in the NI and CO groups. Conclusions: These results can also infer that this dose of LLL can be used as an OMAP.","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12 1","pages":"647-652"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/PHO.2018.4532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48881295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetry of a Carbon Dioxide Laser for Black Tattoo Removal in a Rat Model.","authors":"Fabio D'Arienzo,&nbsp;Fernando Russo Costa do Bomfim,&nbsp;Valéria Regina Gonzalez Sella,&nbsp;Manuel de Jesus Simões,&nbsp;Hélio Plapler","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine the optimal parameters of power, energy, and time for the application of a carbon dioxide laser for Tribal Black ink tattoo removal. <b><i>Background data:</i></b> The use of antiquated techniques to remove tattoos demonstrates the difficulty of making advances in this field. Studies by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery have shown that 5% of the global population has at least one tattoo on the body, with 10% of them wanting a tattoo to be removed. Laser removal has been studied and improved as a less invasive and safer method of surgical removal; however, the ideal dosimetry is not yet established. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> Thirty-three male Wistar rats were anesthetized and tattooed in the dorsal region in a quadrangular manner. The rats were distributed under low/null luminosity for 4 months into three equal and random groups for the application of the laser, namely, G1 (<i>P</i> = 0.6 W, Et = 0.9 J), G2 (<i>P</i> = 0.8 W, Et = 1, 2 J), and G3 (<i>P</i> = 1 W, Et = 1.5 J), with the application time standardized to 0.15 sec with 10 passes per application. The procedure was repeated at intervals of 4 weeks until 10 cycles of laser application were completed. The images were studied using the ImageJ program and histological analysis and subjected to the one-way ANOVA test for Tukey's multiple comparison post-test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We observed a significant difference between groups 1 and 3 and between groups 2 and 3. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The laser with the parameters of <i>P</i> = 1 W, Et = 1.5 J, and <i>t</i> = 0.15 sec yields better Tribal Black ink removal results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12","pages":"667-675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36567448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Combining Erythrosine with a High-Power Dental Curing Light Appliance on the Viability of a Planktonic Culture of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>.","authors":"Iasmym Queiroz Romão,&nbsp;Salma Ivanna Araújo Cavalcante,&nbsp;Hadda Lyzandra Austríaco Leite,&nbsp;Letícia Machado Gonçalves,&nbsp;Luciana Salles Branco-de-Almeida,&nbsp;Marco Aurelio Benini Paschoal","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this <i>in vitro</i> study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) composed of the association of the photosensitizer (PS) erythrosine irradiated by a high-intensity dental light source against a culture of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, comparing this effect with that of a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> For this purpose, planktonic suspensions of <i>S. mutans</i> were subjected to experimental conditions in which three different concentrations of erythrosine (E) (2, 4, and 8 μM) associated with three different doses emitted by the light source (L) (48, 96, and 144 J/cm²) were crossed, corresponding to the exposure times of 40, 80, and 120 sec, respectively, delivered in pulsed mode. The following experimental conditions were evaluated: G1-treatment with dye and light source (E+L+); G2-treatment with the dye only (E+L-); G3-treatment with the light source only (E-L+); G4-absence of dye and light (negative control); and G5-0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control). After treatment, aliquots of each group were plated on blood agar, then the colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) later counted. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey tests, considering the level of significance of 5%. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Group aPDT showed complete eradication of microorganisms as from the concentration of 4 μM irradiated for 40 sec, demonstrating statistically significant difference in comparison with the negative control group (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and efficacy similar to that of the 0.12% chlorhexidine group (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The authors concluded that the light-polymerizing appliance used in pulsed mode, associated with the PS erythrosine, was efficient for the control of <i>S. mutans</i> in a planktonic suspension in a short period of irradiation time.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12","pages":"676-679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36606780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Outcome of Oral Leukoplakia with Er:YAG Laser: A 5-Year Follow-Up Prospective Comparative Study.","authors":"Paolo Giacomo Arduino,&nbsp;Adriana Cafaro,&nbsp;Marco Cabras,&nbsp;Alessio Gambino,&nbsp;Roberto Broccoletti","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of this prospective analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of erbium-substituted yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser compared with that of conventional surgery, regarding the long-term outcome of nondysplastic oral leukoplakias (OL). <b><i>Background:</i></b> To date, this comparison has never been performed. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients were randomly allocated to two different groups: some underwent surgical excision with traditional scalpel (Group TrSc) and others underwent an ablative session with Er:YAG laser (Group Las), with these modalities: 1.5-W power, 150-mJ pulse energy, 10-Hz frequency, 500-μs pulse duration, and 0.9-mm spot size. During the follow-up period, the evolution of the OL was listed as (1) healing: if novel lesions did not appear in the same place of the surgery and (2) recurrence: if a new mucosal change has been detailed in the equivalent place of the primary disease. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One hundred seventeen lesions were treated. Fifty-eight lesions underwent surgery with traditional scalpel, whereas 59 underwent laser surgery. Follow-up ranged from 24 to 108 months (median of 58). Healing was detailed for 52.99% (n = 62) of the 117 OL, with no statistical differences between the two randomized groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It seems reasonable to consider the Er:YAG laser as effective as traditional scalpel in terms of healing for OL, with the same rate of recurrences in a period of almost 5 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":"36 12","pages":"631-633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/pho.2018.4491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36644319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed Transcranial Red/Near-Infrared Light Therapy Using Light-Emitting Diodes Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Veterans with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series.","authors":"S Gregory Hipskind, Fred L Grover, T Richard Fort, Dennis Helffenstein, Thomas J Burke, Shane A Quint, Garrett Bussiere, Michael Stone, Timothy Hurtado","doi":"10.1089/pho.2018.4489","DOIUrl":"10.1089/pho.2018.4489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using LEDs has been shown to have positive effects on TBI in humans and animal models.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twelve symptomatic military Veterans diagnosed with chronic TBI >18 months post-trauma received pulsed transcranial PBMT (tPBMT) using two neoprene therapy pads containing 220 infrared and 180 red LEDs, generating a power output of 3.3 W and an average power density of 6.4 mW/cm² for 20 min, thrice per week over 6 weeks. Outcome measures included standardized neuropsychological test scores and qualitative and quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pulsed tPBMT significantly improved neuropsychological scores in 6 of 15 subscales (40.0%; p < 0.05; two tailed). SPECT analysis showed increase in rCBF in 8 of 12 (66.7%) study participants. Quantitative SPECT analysis revealed a significant increase in rCBF in this subgroup of study participants and a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment gamma ray counts per cubic centimeter [t = 3.77, df = 7, p = 0.007, 95% confidence interval (95,543.21-21,931.82)]. This is the first study to report quantitative SPECT analysis of rCBF in regions of interest following pulsed tPBMT with LEDs in TBI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pulsed tPBMT using LEDs shows promise in improving cognitive function and rCBF several years after TBI. Larger, controlled studies are indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":20117,"journal":{"name":"Photomedicine and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36668025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}