Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

{"title":"Tissue Engineering: Is It a Reliable Alternative to Animal and Human Models to Study Disease Using Photobiomodulation and Photodynamic Therapy?","authors":"Heidi Abrahamse","doi":"10.1089/photob.2023.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2023.0099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 7","pages":"309-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9923076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Various Lasers With or Without Systemp.desensitizer on Dentine Tubules: An <i>In Vitro</i> Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis.","authors":"Xiaoli Wang,&nbsp;Ningning Liu,&nbsp;Minghao Wang,&nbsp;Tong Li,&nbsp;Shengchao Wang,&nbsp;Wenxi He","doi":"10.1089/photob.2022.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2022.0123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> The current study was carried out to evaluate the effects of laser and Systemp.desensitizer therapy. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the effects of individual or combined desensitizers on human dentinal tubules. <b><i>Background:</i></b> The most common clinical condition that makes people uncomfortable is dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Both lasers and drugs that reduce sensitivity have been used to treat DH. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> A total of 100 dentinal samples were taken from newly extracted third molars (affected) and divided into 10 groups (A to J), that is, control (A); Systemp.desensitizer (B); diode laser (980 nm) (C); Nd:YAG laser (D); Er:YAG laser (E); Er,Cr:YSGG laser (F); Systemp.desensitizer + diode laser (G); Systemp.desensitizer + Nd:YAG laser (H); Systemp.desensitizer + Er:YAG laser (I); and Systemp.desensitizer + Er,Cr:YSGG laser (J). SEM was used to evaluate the dentinal specimens in each group (longitudinal and transverse portions), and then images of each sample were captured (20 images/sample). In addition, the number of open dentinal tubules was counted and then the occlusion depth in dentinal tubules was measured. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to analyze the obtained data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All treatment procedures and protocols were effective in blocking dentinal tubules (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared with the other groups, dentinal tubules in the laser and laser combination therapy groups were significantly obstructed (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Diode and Nd:YAG lasers with or without Systemp.desensitizer showed significantly more tubule occlusion and greater sealing depth than Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers with or without Systemp.desensitizer (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In summary, lasers alone or in combination can play a significant role in occluding the dentinal tubules. However, combining the diode or Nd:YAG laser with Systemp.desensitizers is a more effective treatment strategy and may have immediate and long-lasting effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 7","pages":"350-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9827814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation for Pain Relief After Third Molar Extraction: A Randomized Double-Blind Split-Mouth Clinical Trial.","authors":"Franciele Bartolomeu de Moraes,&nbsp;Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro","doi":"10.1089/photob.2022.0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2022.0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the local and systemic application of photobiomodulation (PBM) to reduce pain after third molar extraction. <b><i>Background:</i></b> PBM has been applied locally to reduce pain after third molar extraction, but there are no published studies evaluating its systemic application for this purpose. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty patients with two erupted third molars indicated for extraction were included in this split-mouth clinical trial. Extractions were performed 3 weeks apart in each patient, with one extraction socket being randomly assigned to local and systemic PBM (PBM group) and the other to no PBM (control group). Postoperative analgesia consisted of oral acetaminophen for 3 days. Outcomes included pain (visual analog scale), swelling, and quality of life (14-item Oral Health Impact Profile) assessed before and immediately, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days after extraction. Results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the control group, pain increased significantly at 24 and 48 h after extraction (<i>p</i> = 0.0000), decreasing after 7 days (before: 0.36; immediately after: 1.06; 24 h: 4.26; 48 h: 2.53; 7 days: 0.36). In the PBM group, patients reported no pain at all time points, indicating effectiveness of local and systemic PBM in relieving pain after third molar extraction (<i>p</i> = 0.2151) (before: 0.30; immediately after: 0.36; 24 h: 0.86; 48 h: 0.30; 7 days: 0.03). PBM also had a modulatory effect on the inflammatory process and improved comfort after extraction. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Combined local and systemic PBM can be useful for pain relief, swelling control, and quality-of-life improvement in patients undergoing third molar extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 7","pages":"320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9830393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Optical Wedge Rotary on Ablation Efficiency of Femtosecond Laser on Dental Hard Tissue and Restorative Materials.","authors":"Xiao Zong,&nbsp;Xu Yang,&nbsp;Yuchun Sun,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Chenggang Duan,&nbsp;Hu Chen","doi":"10.1089/photob.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Femtosecond laser (fs-laser) is a novel tooth preparation tool but its ablation efficiency is insufficient. The purpose is to establish a new fs-laser tooth ablation method based on a dual-wedges path ablation system, and explore the efficiency of tooth hard tissue and dental restorative materials ablation. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> Extracted third molars, pure titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, gold alloy, and 3Y-zirconia were prepared into samples. These samples were rotary ablated by an fs-laser with dual-wedges. The wavelength was 1030 nm and the pulse duration was 250 fsec. Laser parameters were set as a repetition frequency of 25 kHz, the power percentages as 50% for dental tissues, and 60% for restorative materials. The optical wedge angle was set as 0°, 20°, 40°, 60°, and 80° for restorative materials, 0°, 20°, 30°, 40°, and 60° for enamel, and 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°for dentin. Three times of ablation was processed at each parameter to obtain total 90 ablation microcavities of 6 kinds of materials. The diameter, depth, and volume of microcavities were measured by confocal laser microscopy and plotted against optical-wedge-angle in curves of different materials. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test whether the ablation efficiency between different angles was statistically significant. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The ablation efficiency of each material at different optical-wedge-angle was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and tends to be correlated. For dental hard tissue, the enamel ablation efficiency was 208.1 times and dentin ablation efficiency were 65.2 times than before when the wedge angle was 40°. For pure titanium, zirconia, cobalt-chromium, and gold alloys, the ablation efficiencies were 3.1, 10.7, 81.5, and 128.8 times than before when the rotation angle was 80°. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The ablation efficiency of dental hard tissues and restorative materials was significantly increased with the increase of laser oblique incidence angle. Clinical Trial Registration number: PKUSSIRB-201949124.</p>","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 7","pages":"364-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation and Experience in Treatments Performed with Fractional CO₂ Laser on Latin American Skin: An Observational Retrospective Study.","authors":"Gabriella Benites Andrade,&nbsp;Pamela Montaño Salguero,&nbsp;Irene Fusco,&nbsp;Daniel Ricardo Galimberti","doi":"10.1089/photob.2023.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2023.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser is an ablative system that evaporates, remodels, and coagulates tissues, becoming therefore a gold standard piece of equipment for the treatment of dermatological pathologies and esthetic imperfections. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CO₂ laser treatments in different patients' skin pathologies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 705 patients with an age range between 18 and 70 years, with phototypes on the Fitzpatrick scale III, IV, V, and VI, were enrolled from October 2021 to May 2022, and were treated using the CO₂ laser system. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ninety-six patients were treated with fractional CO₂ laser, used for skin rejuvenation and stretch marks. One patient presented reactivation of herpes simplex, 10 postinflammatory hyperpigmentation that resolved after 3 months with depigmenting agents, 6 with persistent erythema. A total of 13 patients with rhinophyma were treated, and no complications were observed; a total of 64 patients with wrinkles were treated. They improved in 6 months. A total of 340 patients were treated for seborrheic keratosis, papulosa nigra dermatosis, fibropapillomas, sebaceous hyperplasias, verruca vulgaris, and condylomata acuminata. One patient presented with a complication hypopigmented macule. A total of 136 patients underwent treatment for laser ablation of intradermal nevi and verrucous epidermal nevi, without complications. A total of 56 patients were treated with keloids and hypertrophic scars. One patient presented with ulceration of a keloid that resolved with the application of clostridiopeptidase A and chloramphenicol after 2 weeks. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The use of the CO₂ laser in any phototype and race, which are factors with a high incidence in Latin America, provides a safe and effective result for different dermatological pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 7","pages":"343-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9830394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomodulation of Induced Tooth Movement by Three Methods, Corticopuncture, Photobiomodulation, and Their Combination: An Animal Study.","authors":"Bruno Ferreira Botelho,&nbsp;Martha Carolina Torres,&nbsp;Ney Paredes,&nbsp;Aguinaldo Silva Garcez,&nbsp;Won Moon,&nbsp;Selly Sayuri Suzuki","doi":"10.1089/photob.2022.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2022.0119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to assess the effects of accelerated tooth movement (ATM) methods: corticopuncture (CP), photobiomodulation (PBM), and their combination (CP + PBM) by evaluating tooth displacement, alveolar bone changes, and molecular and cellular response compared with conventional induced tooth movement. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> Tooth movement and bone changes were evaluated on days 1, 3, and 7 (9 animals per time point) using microtomography, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluation, at compression and tension sites. CP groups received two perforations in the palate and one mesial to the molars. PBM was performed using GaAlAs diode laser applied every other day for 7 days (<i>λ</i> = 808 nm, 100 mW) in two points for 15 sec/point and total energy of 3 J. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Tooth movement was significantly increased in all three ATM groups after 7 days compared with the control group (mean 0.24 mm) by 27% PBM (0.31 mm), 45% CP (0.35 mm), and 57% CP + PBM (0.38 mm) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the compression side, all ATM groups showed significant decrease in bone density on day 3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and significant less bone volume on day 7 compared with Control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the tension side, PBM group showed a significant increase in bone density and volume on day 3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that at the compression side, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells, RANKL, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression were highly marked of the PBM and the combined method groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). PBM and CP + PBM groups showed a significant increase in expression Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at the tension side. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> All ATM groups showed increase on tooth displacement with CP + PBM group showing greatest tooth displacement. CP method appears to stimulate bone catabolism, PBM has more effect on bone formation, and the combined method showing a synergistic effect on bone remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 7","pages":"328-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10207816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Dose-Effect Relationship of Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Light on Bone Regeneration in Disuse Osteoporosis Rats.","authors":"Ling Zhu,&nbsp;Xinpeng Gao,&nbsp;Ying Lv,&nbsp;Shuai Yu,&nbsp;Lu Tang,&nbsp;Timon Chengyi Liu","doi":"10.1089/photob.2022.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2022.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To examine the integrated dose-effect relationship of near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diode (LED) light therapy in promoting bone defect repair in the rat model for osteoporosis (OP). <b><i>Background:</i></b> Low-intensity laser therapy has been shown to promote bone regeneration in OP rats. However, its integrated dose-effect relationship is not clear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 11 groups: (1) no-treatment control group (C group), (2) tail suspension (TS)-induced disuse OP experimental group (TS-OP group), and (3) OP rats with LED light treatment at nine dosages (L1-L9 groups). The tail of the rat was tied and suspended on the beam of the cage to suspend their hind limbs to induce bone loss for 4 or 7 weeks. The rats were then released and returned to their regular positions. An NIR LED at 810 nm was used on the bilateral hind limbs daily for 4 weeks. The C group rats were not given any treatment. The TS-OP group rats were subjected to identical procedures with L groups, with the exception that the light power was not turned on. After the experiment, the dual-energy X-rays or the microcomputed tomography scan analysis was performed to evaluate bone tissue status. Data analysis was done using SPSS and the health scale. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The trabecular thickness, trabecular number, bone volume/total volume, and connectivity density of cancellous bone and the biomechanical properties of femur in light groups were significantly increased compared with the TS-OP group, while the trabecular separation and structure model index were significantly decreased. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> NIR LED light therapy may promote trabecular bone repair of TS-OP rats. Light intensity influences photobiomodulation. In our dose levels, the greater the light intensity, usually the more effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 7","pages":"312-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9831131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretreatment of Root Dentin Using Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming, Photodynamic Therapy, and Riboflavin with EDTA as a Final Irrigant to Improve Bond Integrity of Glass Fiber Post.","authors":"Khalid H Almadi,&nbsp;Mazen F Alkahtany","doi":"10.1089/photob.2022.0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2022.0156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the outcome of post space disinfection using Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ECYL), riboflavin photosensitizer (RFP), and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) along with ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as final irrigant on the bond values of glass fiber post (GFP) to the canal wall. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> Forty human mandibular premolars were subjected to root canal treatment after decoronation till the cementoenamel junction. Post space was prepared using a Gates-Glidden drill leaving 4 mm of gutta perch at the apical third of the root section. Random allocation of samples was performed into four groups based on the post space disinfection (<i>n</i> = 10 each): Group 1: 1% RFP and 17% EDTA, group 2: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA (control), group 3: PIPS and 17% EDTA, and group 4: ECYL and 17% EDTA. GFP was luted using Rely X Unicem. A universal testing machine and stereomicroscope were used to assess the push-out bond strength (PBS) and failure mode, respectively. Analysis of variance determined the PBS amid different experimental groups at three root levels. Multiple group comparison using means of tested groups was identified using <i>post hoc</i> Tukey. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The coronal third of group 2 (5.25% NaOCl +17% EDTA) demonstrated the highest PBS (8.83 ± 0.11 MPa). However, the lowest bond integrity (4.15 ± 0.52 MPa) was displayed in an apical third of group 1 (RFP +17% EDTA). The intergroup comparison revealed that 5.25% NaOCl +17% EDTA at all three levels demonstrated comparable outcomes of PBS with PIPS +17% EDTA and ECYL +17% EDTA specimens (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, riboflavin +17% EDTA demonstrated the lowest bond strength (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Er,Cr: YSGG and PIPS in combination with 17% EDTA demonstrated comparable outcomes of bond score with those of conventional gold standard irrigation regime 5.25% NaOCl.</p>","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 7","pages":"358-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic Therapy in Oral Cancer: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Seyed Ali Mosaddad,&nbsp;Pegah Mahootchi,&nbsp;Zahra Rastegar,&nbsp;Benika Abbasi,&nbsp;Mostafa Alam,&nbsp;Kamyar Abbasi,&nbsp;Sadaf Fani-Hanifeh,&nbsp;Samira Amookhteh,&nbsp;Sima Sadeghi,&nbsp;Reza Sayyad Soufdoost,&nbsp;Maryam Yazdanparast,&nbsp;Artak Heboyan,&nbsp;Hamid Tebyaniyan,&nbsp;Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes","doi":"10.1089/photob.2023.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2023.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Methods:</i></b> A comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed using relevant keywords to structure this narrative review. Only English articles were included and assessed according to titles, abstracts, and full texts. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is applied for targeting pre-malignancy and malignancies in the head and neck, skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract and has been greatly promising in reducing disfigurement and morbidity. This method includes a light-sensitive medicine known as a photosensitizer and a light source used through a minimally invasive surgical tool. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aimed to review the application of PDT in managing head and neck cancers (HNCs) and provide an overview of the most recent advances in PDT and its efficiency in increasing the long-term life quality of patients with HNC. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The light source irradiates light at an appropriate wavelength that can be absorbed by the sensitizer and produce cytotoxic free radicals that can kill tumor cells, impair microvasculature in the tumor microenvironment, and stimulate further inflammatory responses of the immune system. Patients with either early lesions or advanced disease conveniently accept to receive PDT in outpatient clinics. Therefore, this simple technique is considered a novel and promising approach that can be used either individually or in association with other methods. However, its application as a management method in oral malignancies has yet to be studied. PDT is also suggested as a promising adjuvant treatment with better functional results. Then, it is possible to conclude that PDT's effectiveness in treating various tumors has been shown to depend on the depth of the lesion location. Its safety is acceptable, but its limited irradiation depth confines its application in the advanced stages of cancer. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> PDT is critically applicable in the early diagnosed cancers and superficial tumors where many heads and neck lesions settle as an ideal candidate for PDT because of the possibility of accurate evaluation of lesions and providing appropriate irradiation at these sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 6","pages":"248-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9721044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation Therapy for Muscular Dystrophy: Time for a Trial?","authors":"Michael R Hamblin","doi":"10.1089/photob.2023.0057","DOIUrl":"10.1089/photob.2023.0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20111,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"41 6","pages":"245-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10282807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10064663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}