Plant Physiology最新文献

{"title":"The vacuolar phosphatases PAP26 and HIIA2.1 hydrolyze 5’-, 3’-, and 2’-nucleotides derived from RNA degradation","authors":"Nabila Firdoos, Lukas Krumwiede, Nieves Medina Escobar, Leonie Treichel, Lisa Fischer, Marco Herde, Claus-Peter Witte","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf025","url":null,"abstract":"The vacuole is an important site for RNA degradation. Autophagy delivers RNA to the vacuole, where the vacuolar T2 RNase Ribonuclease 2 (RNS2) plays a major role in RNA catabolism. The presumed products of RNS2 activity are 3’-nucleoside monophosphates (3’-NMPs). Vacuolar phosphatases that carry out 3’-NMP hydrolysis are required to metabolize 3’-NMPs, but the specific players remain unknown. Using a mutant of RNS2 and mutants of the Autophagy-Related Genes 5 and 9 (atg5 and atg9), we confirmed that 3’-NMPs are products of vacuolar RNS2-mediated RNA degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Moreover, we identified Purple Acid Phosphatase 26 (PAP26) and Haloacid Dehalogenase (HAD) IIA2.1 (HIIA2.1) as vacuolar 3'-NMP phosphatases. Based on phylogenetic analysis, we propose systematic nomenclature for HADIIA enzymes. PAP26 and HIIA2.1 differ in their NMP specificity and activity in vitro. However, the hiia2.1 pap26 double mutant, but generally not the respective single mutants, accumulates 3’-NMPs in addition to 5’-NMPs and, surprisingly, also 2’-NMPs. These findings suggest that PAP26 and HIIA2.1 have overlapping NMP substrate spectra in vivo. Excess 3’- and 2’-NMPs accumulate in plants exposed to a prolonged night, presumably because carbon limitation enhances autophagy-mediated vacuolar RNA degradation. We conclude that vacuolar RNA catabolism releases 3’-NMPs as well as 2’-NMPs through RNS2 and other RNases that also generate 5’-NMPs. PAP26 and HIIA2.1 are required to dephosphorylate these NMPs so that they can enter general nucleotide metabolism outside the vacuole.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcription factor SlLBD40 regulates seed germination by inhibiting cell wall remodeling enzymes during endosperm weakening","authors":"Jialong Zhang, Lun Liu, Danhui Dong, Jiayi Xu, Hongxin Li, Qilin Deng, Yan Zhang, Wei Huang, Haijun Zhang, Yang-Dong Guo","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf022","url":null,"abstract":"Uniform seed germination is crucial for consistent seedling emergence and efficient seedling production. In this study, we identified a seed-expressed protein in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), lateral organ boundaries domain 40 (SlLBD40), that regulates germination speed. CRISPR/Cas9-generated SlLBD40 knockout mutants exhibited faster germination due to enhanced seed imbibition, independent of the seed coat. The expression of SlLBD40 was induced during the imbibition process, particularly in the micropylar endosperm, suggesting its role in endosperm weakening. Gene ontology analysis of RNA-seq data indicated that differentially expressed genes were enriched in cell wall-related processes. SlLBD40 directly targeted genes encoding cell wall remodeling enzymes implicated in endosperm weakening, including expansin 6 (SlEXP6), xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 23 (SlXTH23), and endo-β-mannanase 1 (SlMAN1). Our findings shed light on the role of endosperm weakening in regulating seed germination and propose potential gene targets for improving germination in species constrained by endosperm strength.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROCERA interacts with JACKDAW in gibberellin-enhanced source-sink sucrose partitioning in tomato","authors":"Yufei Liang, Jingyi Zhao, Rui Yang, Jiayu Bai, Wanxing Hu, Lixia Gu, Zhaoyuan Lian, Heqiang Huo, Jia Guo, Haijun Gong","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf024","url":null,"abstract":"Proper regulation of the source-sink relationship is an effective way to increase crop yield. Gibberellin (GA) is an important regulator of plant growth and development, and physiological evidence has demonstrated that GA can promote source-sink sucrose partitioning. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we used a combination of physiological and molecular approaches to identify the components involved in GA-enhanced source-sink sucrose partitioning in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). GA treatment increased the sucrose export rate from source leaves and the sucrose level in young leaves (sink organ). GA-mediated enhancement of source-sink sucrose partitioning depended on SlPROCERA (SlPRO), the DELLA protein in tomato. Sucrose transporter 1 (SlSUT1) was involved in phloem sucrose loading. SlJACKDAW (SlJKD) was identified as an interaction partner of SlPRO. SlJKD negatively regulated the sucrose export rate from source leaves and could directly bind to the promoter of SlSUT1 and repress its expression, while SlPRO enhanced the transcription repression function of SlJKD. This study reveals the molecular mechanism by which GA promotes source-sink sucrose partitioning in tomato and provides potential targets for source-sink relationship optimization.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid desaturase 3-mediated α-linolenic acid biosynthesis in plants","authors":"Mohammad Fazel Soltani Gishini, Pradeep Kachroo, David Hildebrand","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf012","url":null,"abstract":"Omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of cell membranes that also serve as precursors of numerous regulatory molecules. α-linolenic acid (ALA), one of the most important ω3 FAs in plants, is synthesized in both the plastid and extraplastidial compartments. FA Desaturase (FAD) 3 is an extraplastidial enzyme that converts linoleic acid (LA) to ALA. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that FAD3 proteins are distinct from FAD7 and FAD8 desaturases, which convert LA to ALA in plastids. Structural analysis of FAD3 proteins indicated a positive relationship between enzymatic activity and transmembrane pore length and width. An inverse relationship between temperature and ALA biosynthesis was also evident, with ALA accumulation decreasing with increasing temperature. These findings suggest that certain FAD3 enzymes are more effective at converting LA to ALA than others. This information could potentially be used to engineer crop plants with higher levels of ALA.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcription factor GmFULc regulates soybean plant height by binding the promoter of a gibberellin-responsive gene","authors":"Jingzhe Sun, Xiaoming Zhang, Junhang Feng, Xiaofei Ma, Yujia Ji, Shujun Chen, Jihui Li, Dongmei Li, Xiujun Wang, Lin Zhao","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf021","url":null,"abstract":"Plant height is a crucial agronomic characteristic that substantially influences soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. FRUITFULLc (GmFULc) is a MADS-box transcription factor that acts as a growth promoter in soybean; however, the mechanism by which GmFULc regulates soybean height is unknown. This study revealed that GmFULc:GmFULc (the expression of the GmFULc gene driven by its native promoter) soybeans exhibit increased plant height and longer internodes. Conversely, soybean plants containing fulc mutations showed reduced plant height and shortened internodes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR revealed GmFULc promotes the expression of gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis 14 (GmGASA14) and GmGASA32 by directly binding to G-boxes in their promoter regions, leading to notably increased expression of GmGASA14 and GmGASA32 in GmFULc:GmFULc soybean plants and reduced expression in soybean plants containing the fulc-2 mutation. The GmFULc-mediated enhanced expression of GmGASA14 and GmGASA32 increased the gibberellin signal, which may have inhibited gibberellin synthesis by increasing gibberellin 2-oxidase (GmGA2ox) expression and decreasing GA20ox expression. Our findings suggest that GmFULc promoted the expression of GmGASA genes by directly binding to G-boxes in their promoters to regulate soybean plant height.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic modeling suggested non-canonical algal carbon concentrating mechanism in Cyanidioschyzon merolae.","authors":"Maneesh Lingwan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Born of frustration: the emergence of Camelina sativa as a platform for lipid biotechnology.","authors":"Richard P Haslam, Louise V Michaelson, Peter J Eastmond, Johnathan A Napier","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf009","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging crop Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (camelina) is a Brassicaceae oilseed with a rapidly growing reputation for the deployment of advanced lipid biotechnology and metabolic engineering. Camelina is recognised by agronomists for its traits including yield, oil/protein content, drought tolerance, limited input requirements, plasticity and resilience. Its utility as a platform for metabolic engineering was then quickly recognised, and biotechnologists have benefited from its short life cycle and facile genetic transformation, producing numerous transgenic interventions to modify seed lipid content and generate novel products. The desire to work with a plant that is both a model and crop has driven the expansion of research resources for camelina, including increased availability of genome and other “-omics” data sets. Collectively the expansion of these resources has established camelina as an ideal plant to study the regulation of lipid metabolism and genetic improvement. Furthermore, the unique characteristics of camelina enables the design-build-test-learn cycle to be transitioned from the controlled environment to the field. Complex metabolic engineering to synthesize and accumulate high levels of novel fatty acids and modified oils in seeds, can be deployed, tested and undergo rounds of iteration in agronomically relevant environments. Engineered camelina oils are now increasingly being developed and used to sustainably supply, improved nutrition, feed, biofuels and fossil fuel replacements for high-value chemical products. In this review, we provide a summary of seed fatty acid synthesis and oil assembly in camelina, highlighting how discovery research in camelina supports the advance of metabolic engineering towards the predictive manipulation of metabolism to produce desirable bio-based products. Further examples of innovation in camelina seed lipid engineering and crop improvement are then provided, describing how technologies (e.g., genetic modification (GM), gene editing (GE), RNAi, alongside GM and GE stacking) can be applied to produce new products and denude undesirable traits. Focusing on the production of long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids in camelina, we describe how lipid biotechnology can transition from discovery to a commercial prototype. The prospects to produce structured triacylglycerol with fatty acids in specified stereospecific positions are also discussed, alongside the future outlook for the agronomic uptake of camelina lipid biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"74 2 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromatin Accessibility Mediated by CHROMATIN REMODELING 11 Promotes Chilling Tolerance in Rice","authors":"Jing Li, He Liu, Hanying Qian, Shan Lu, Yufeng Wu, Jian Hua, Baohong Zou","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf018","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatin remodeling plays a crucial role in controlling gene transcription by modifying chromatin structure. However, the involvement of chromatin remodeling in plant stress responses, especially cold tolerance, through chromatin accessibility remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that rice (Oryza sativa L.)CHROMATIN REMODELING 11 (OsCHR11) positively regulates chilling tolerance by enhancing chromatin accessibility and facilitating changes in gene expression. Loss-of-function mutants of OsCHR11 exhibited increased susceptibility to chilling stress compared to wild-type rice plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the chr11 mutant displays diminished transcriptomic responses to chilling. Additionally, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) indicated that chilling treatment increases chromatin accessibility in the promoter regions, and this process depended on OsCHR11 function. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) showed that OsCHR11 is physically associated with the promoters of cold-responsive genes. Integrated multi-omics analysis further demonstrated a correlation between OsCHR11 enrichment and chromatin accessibility, as well as a correlation between chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Furthermore, OsCHR11 is required for the full expression of key cold-response genes, including those involved in trehalose biosynthesis. The exogenous application of trehalose partially rescued the chilling-susceptible phenotype of the chr11 mutant, suggesting that trehalose biosynthesis contributes to the chilling tolerance promoted by OsCHR11. Collectively, these findings indicate that OsCHR11 enhances cold tolerance in plants, likely by increasing chromatin accessibility and elevating the expression levels of cold-response genes in response to chilling.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME34 mediates pyrophosphatase AVP1 turnover and regulates abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis","authors":"Qiyu Xu, Xingjian Zhang, Ruifeng Zhao, Shengjun Li, Johannes Liesche","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf015","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress responses in plants is instrumental for the development of climate-resilient crops. Key factors in abiotic stress responses, such as the proton- pumping pyrophosphatase (AVP1), have been identified, but their function and regulation remain elusive. Here, we explored the post-translational regulation of AVP1 by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC34 and its relevance in the salt stress and phosphate starvation responses of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we established that UBC34 interacts with and ubiquitylates AVP1. Mutant lines in which UBC34 was downregulated showed higher tolerance to salt and low inorganic phosphate (Pi) stresses, while we observed the opposite for plants overexpressing UBC34. Our results showed that UBC34 co-localizes with AVP1, and AVP1 activity is enhanced in the plasma membrane fractions of ubc34 mutants, indicating that UBC34 mediates the turnover of plasma membrane-localized AVP1. We also observed that UBC34 affects the apoplastic pH, but not the vacuolar pH of root cells. Based on our results, we propose a mechanistic model in which UBC34 mediates AVP1 turnover at the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells. Downregulation of UBC34 under salt and phosphate starvation conditions enhances AVP1 activity, leading to a higher proton gradient available for sodium sequestration and phosphate uptake.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cycling Dof Factor 3 mediates light-dependent ascorbate biosynthesis by activating GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase in Rosa roxburghii fruit","authors":"Qianmin Huang, Yali Yan, Xue Zhang, Xuejiao Cao, Richard Ludlow, Min Lu, Huaming An","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf014","url":null,"abstract":"Light plays an important role in determining the L-ascorbate (AsA) pool size in plants, primarily through the transcriptional regulation of AsA metabolism-related genes. However, the specific mechanism of transcriptional induction responsible for light-dependent AsA biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we used a promoter sequence containing light-responsive motifs from GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 2 (RrGGP2), a key gene involved in AsA overproduction in Rosa roxburghii fruits, to identify participating transcription factors. Among these factors, Cycling Dof Factor 3 (RrCDF3) was highly responsive to variations in light intensity, quality, and photoperiod, leading to alterations in RrGGP2 expression. Further yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that RrCDF3 acts as a transcriptional activator of RrGGP2 by binding specifically to its promoter. Modulating the expression of RrCDF3 in fruits through transient overexpression and silencing resulted in significant changes in RrGGP2 expression and AsA synthesis. Additionally, stable overexpression of RrCDF3 in R. roxburghii calli and Solanum lycopersicum plants resulted in a significant increase in AsA content. Notably, the well-known photo-signal transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (RrHY5) directly interacted with the RrCDF3 promoter, enhancing its transcription. These findings reveal a special mechanism involving the RrHY5-RrCDF3-RrGGP2 module that mediates light-induced AsA biosynthesis in R. roxburghii fruit.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}