{"title":"Symptoms of Mn toxicity and the effect of salt on Mn toxicity and accumulation in the halophyte Lepidium latifolium","authors":"Behzad Nezhadasad, T. Radjabian, R. Hajiboland","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2200981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2200981","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants but becomes toxic at excess concentrations in soil. Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants and exhibit a salt-mediated increase in tolerance to other stresses, including heavy metals toxicity. This study investigated Lepidium latifolium (Brassicaceae), a facultative halophyte with invasive behavior and rapid spread under submerged conditions, for Mn accumulation and tolerance in the absence or presence of salt (100 mM NaCl). Under excess Mn concentration (1 mM), toxicity symptoms were observed as black spots on the young leaves but as brown, dark-purple speckles on the older leaves, with colocation of phenolics and Mn. The H2O2 concentration and peroxidase activity in the leaf apoplast were both significantly reduced by excess Mn. This indicated a decrease in the oxidation of MnII and phenolics in the leaf apoplast, likely a mechanism for this species’ high Mn toxicity tolerance. Salt treatment improved the biomass and leaf pigments of Mn-stressed plants, enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, decreased Mn accumulation, and restored the leaf Fe concentration. Our data suggest that L. latifolium is a species with high Mn tolerance and accumulation capacity (∼10 mg g−1 DW) and is suitable for studying salt-induced heavy metal tolerance in Brassicaceae.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"91 1","pages":"711 - 726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85827382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tseepil Avirmed, Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj, D. Chiatante, Khulan Sharavdorj, Ganbat Byambaa, S. Gerelbaatar, N. Batkhuu
{"title":"Afforestation of semi-arid regions of Mongolia: carbon sequestration in trees and increase of soil organic carbon","authors":"Tseepil Avirmed, Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj, D. Chiatante, Khulan Sharavdorj, Ganbat Byambaa, S. Gerelbaatar, N. Batkhuu","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2200781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2200781","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work examines the variation of carbon sequestration (considered as the sum of above- and below-ground plant biomass production added to soil organic carbon) occurring in two sites (named respectively BN and ER) characterized by a semi-arid climate after planting three tree species (Populus sibirica, Ulmus pumila, and Hippophae rhamnoides). Soil organic carbon (SOC) was analyzed at four different depths (from 0–60 cm). In these two sites, the three tree species contributed differently to carbon sequestration. We found that above-ground plant biomass (leaf, branch, stem) was higher at the BN site whereas at the ER site prevailed below-ground biomass. That is probably due to the low tree density in BN site and the higher soil moisture content present in ER site. Among the three tree species considered, P. sibirica showed the highest biomass value. The SOC values were highest in the topsoil layer (0-40 cm) and decreased with depth. This works clearly shows that in semi-arid lands carbon sequestration depends on the environmental factors that characterize the site, the tree density, and the tree species selected.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"111 1","pages":"779 - 791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80876920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rim Ben Youssef, N. Boukari, C. Abdelly, N. Jelali
{"title":"Mitigation of salt stress and stimulation of growth by salicylic acid and calcium chloride seed priming in two barley species","authors":"Rim Ben Youssef, N. Boukari, C. Abdelly, N. Jelali","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2200792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2200792","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of the current study is to underline the effects of salicylic acid or calcium chloride seed priming on plant growth, water content, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity of two barley species Hordeum marinum and Hordeum vulgare exposed to salinity (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). Results revealed that salinity decreased shoot and root growth, transpiration rate, chlorophyll concentration, stomata conductivity and water content in plants obtained from unprimed seeds. This reduction was dependent on the saline concentration used. However, Hordeum marinum species showed tolerance by maintaining tissue hydration, growth, photosynthetic assimilation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in stressed plants compared to controls. Moreover, priming seeds with salicylic acid or calcium chloride significantly improved all the above parameters under different salt treatments, suggesting that the effectiveness of this approach mainly depends on the priming agent applied and may vary with species and stress intensity applied.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"141 1","pages":"758 - 768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mancuso, S. Lo Brutto, R. Chemello, G. Sara, A. Mannino
{"title":"Effects of structural complexity on epifaunal assemblages associated with two intertidal Mediterranean seaweeds","authors":"F. Mancuso, S. Lo Brutto, R. Chemello, G. Sara, A. Mannino","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2200775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2200775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brown foundation seaweeds are key elements increasing substrate heterogeneity and shaping the biodiversity in rocky coastal ecosystems. They are, however, vulnerable species that are declining due to multiple anthropogenic and climate change stressors, leading to a shift to less structural complex habitats. We investigate the role of structural attributes of two intertidal macroalgae, Ericaria amentacea and Laurencia obtusa, in shaping the abundance and diversity of their associated epifaunal assemblages. For this aim, we measured seaweeds’ biomass, thallus volume and length (used here as proxy of substrate complexity), and explored which seaweeds’ substrate attribute explained better variation of epifaunal assemblages. Results showed that E. amentacea was more complex than L. obtusa and hosted a higher number of epifaunal individuals. However, unlike that expected, the epifaunal assemblage of L. obtusa was more structured with higher Shannon–Wiener diversity and Pielous’ evenness. Our findings indicate that, besides seaweed’s substrate attributes, other mechanisms such as wave action and chemical defense might play a role in structuring epifaunal assemblages. We suggest that a shift from E. amentacea to L. obtusa population could have effect on structure and abundance of associated epifaunal assemblages. Certainly, further investigations are needed to clear up the consequences of these changes.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"114 1","pages":"812 - 820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79901298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Puglisi, P. Campisi, M. Aleffi, I. Bonini, A. Cogoni, M. Dia, L. Miserere, M. Privitera, Manuel Tiburtini, S. Poponessi
{"title":"Red-list of Italian bryophytes. 1. Liverworts and hornworts","authors":"M. Puglisi, P. Campisi, M. Aleffi, I. Bonini, A. Cogoni, M. Dia, L. Miserere, M. Privitera, Manuel Tiburtini, S. Poponessi","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2200791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2200791","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study is to provide an updated conservation status of all liverworts and hornworts in the Italian territory, evaluated according to IUCN’s Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Level. Overall, 27.4% of taxa assessed in this study are assigned to a risk category and, therefore, considered threatened in Italy. Four liverworts are considered as Extinct, two liverworts and one hornwort Possibly Extinct at regional level. Moreover, a further 9.8% are assessed as Near Threatened, 10.8% as Data Deficient and 49.7% as Least Concern. Most threats are co-occurring, indicating that many taxa are subjected to a set of correlated adverse processes. The main IUCN major threats identified were natural system modifications (i.e. dam construction, increases in fire frequency/intensity, and water management/use), climate change (mainly increasing frequency of droughts and temperature extremes), agriculture (including pollution from agricultural effluents) and aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"28 1","pages":"746 - 757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76723967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Copper, cadmium and nickel pollution inhibit growth and promote ascorbate catabolism in cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays","authors":"F. Farhat, S. Fry","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2188273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2188273","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We established model systems for exploring the roles of symplastic and apoplastic ascorbate in heavy-metal-polluted dicot and monocot cells. Cell-suspension cultures of Arabidopsis and maize were treated with copper, cadmium or nickel; growth and ascorbate metabolism were measured. Growth was halved by ∼80 µM Cu2+, 90 µM Cd2+ or 1200 µM Ni2+ in Arabidopsis, and ∼90 µM Cu2+, 650 µM Cd2+ or 650 µM Ni2+ in maize. Cu2+ (128 µM) and Cd2+ (512 µM) caused partial loss of symplastic ascorbate, especially in Arabidopsis; Ni2+ (512 and 2048 µM) had moderate effects. Added apoplastic l-ascorbate (1 mM) was consumed by the cultures (half-life ∼23 and 44 min in Arabidopsis and maize, respectively), consumption rate being 3–6-fold increased by Cu2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ in Arabidopsis, and by Cu2+ in maize; Cd2+ and Ni2+ had relatively little effect on apoplastic ascorbate consumption in maize. Radioactivity from exogenous 1 mM l-[1-14C]ascorbate remained extracellular; catabolites formed were dehydroascorbic acid, diketogulonate and oxalyl-threonates. In conclusion, suspension-cultured cells respond to heavy-metal stresses by maintaining symplastic ascorbate concentrations, which may beneficially scavenge symplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoplastic ascorbate is catabolised in metal-polluted cultures via several oxidative and non-oxidative reactions, the former potentially scavenging stress-related apoplastic ROS.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"29 1","pages":"699 - 710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86754247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Venice, P. Colasuonno, E. Lombardo, E. Lumini, V. Bianciotto, M. Gargano, G. Venturella, G. Domina, A. Mello
{"title":"First morphological and molecular investigation of the mycobiota associated with Astragalus nebrodensis in its natural environment (Madonie mountains, Sicily)","authors":"Francesco Venice, P. Colasuonno, E. Lombardo, E. Lumini, V. Bianciotto, M. Gargano, G. Venturella, G. Domina, A. Mello","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2186510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2186510","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although Astragalus nebrodensis plays a fundamental ecological role, mycorrhizal fungi associated with this species have never been investigated in natural habitats. Our aim was to check the presence and occurrence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in roots of A. nebrodensis in a natural habitat and to screen the fungal diversity in the surrounding soil, considering the positive influence of mycotrophic shrub species on soil microbiota. A morphological analysis was performed on A. nebrodensis roots samples from the Madonie mountains (Sicily, Italy), while high-throughput-sequencing was carried out in A. nebrodensis roots and in the associated soil. Observations of A. nebrodensis roots revealed typical structures of AMF. Sequencing revealed that Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum in both roots and soil samples, followed by Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. A. nebrodensis roots host a fungal community with lower richness as compared to soil and specific taxa were differentially abundant between roots and soil. The endomycorrhizal symbiosis in A. nebrodensis from a natural habitat is reported here for the first time. The fungal diversity between the two matrices (soil vs roots) supports the notion of a specialised and well-established root microbiome in A. nebrodensis enabling it to survive the stressful conditions of its harsh environment.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"81 1","pages":"688 - 698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79324565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. G. Trindade, G. Taveira, L. D. de Carvalho, V. F. Moreira, R. B. B. Feitoza, V. Gomes, I. Vieira, R. Braz-Filho, E. D. de Melo, M. da Cunha
{"title":"Antifungal and antiparasitic activity of Wunderlichia azulensis (Asteraceae) roots","authors":"F. G. Trindade, G. Taveira, L. D. de Carvalho, V. F. Moreira, R. B. B. Feitoza, V. Gomes, I. Vieira, R. Braz-Filho, E. D. de Melo, M. da Cunha","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2186508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2186508","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the antifungal and antiparasitic activity of roots of Wunderlichia azulensis (Asteraceae). A CH2Cl2 partition of W. azulensis was tested against Candida tropicalis, C. buinensis and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. A chemical study of the CH2Cl2 partition resulted in the isolation and identification of dehydrobrachylaenolide (1), lasiodiplodin (2), a taraxerane-type triterpene (3) and a mixture of sitosterol and stigmasterol (4–5). Of the 13 fractions tested, fractions 5 and 7 were the most bioactive ones. No live epimastigotes were observed even after the shortest time of exposure to fraction 7 (25 μg.mL−1/24 h). Fractions 5 and 7 inhibited yeast growth in proportions between 63.9–80.7% at 50 μg.mL−1, and 70.3–96.7% at 100 μg.mL−1. Fractions 5 and 7 (100 μg.mL−1) induced loss of viability of C. buinensis by 97.61 and 92.63%, respectively, whereas C. tropicalis was less susceptible. The SYTOX Green marker used on Candida yeasts suggested membrane permeabilization and consequently plasma membrane damage. We concluded that W. azulensis offers new sources of biologically-active components. However, complementary studies on other variables, such as synergy, toxicology, and mechanism of action, must be carried out.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"105 23","pages":"658 - 669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72628805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miloš Zbiljić, B. Lakušić, N. Kuzmanović, D. Stojanović, D. Lakušić
{"title":"Morphological diversification of Teucrium montanum sensu lato on the Balkan Peninsula","authors":"Miloš Zbiljić, B. Lakušić, N. Kuzmanović, D. Stojanović, D. Lakušić","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2186509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2186509","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, the overall morpho-anatomical variability of Teucrium montanum sensu lato on the Balkan Peninsula was described. A total of 60 populations were collected all over the Balkans. For each analysed individual, the morphological characters of the stem, leaves, and flowers, as well as the anatomical characters of leaves were measured. The habitats of each population were characterized by altitude zone, type of geological substrate, vegetation, and climate type. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated for each character state, and multivariate analyses were used to compare all assessed characters and groups. The results showed that the analysed populations exhibit high morphological variability and broad ecological preferences. Five of the seven morphologically defined groups fit the already described taxa (T. montanum subsp. montanum, T. montanum subsp. helianthemoides, T. pannonicum, T. skorpili, T. montanum var. parnassicum), whereas two groups are morphologically specific but did not fit the existing taxonomic concepts. The patterns of observed morphological variability only partially match the patterns of ecological differentiation of the habitats of the analysed populations. The occurrence of different morphological groups inhabiting similar habitats in the same biogeographic region suggests that the morpho-anatomical differentiation of T. montanum s.l. may be due to genetic or evolutionary factors.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"53 1","pages":"670 - 687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87749616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Polemis, Vassiliki Fryssouli, Georgios Konstantinidis, L. Kottis, D. Sofronis, V. Kaounas, G. Koutrotsios, G. Zervakis
{"title":"Mycological research and citizen science: morphological features and DNA sequencing reveal seven new species records for the Greek mycobiota","authors":"E. Polemis, Vassiliki Fryssouli, Georgios Konstantinidis, L. Kottis, D. Sofronis, V. Kaounas, G. Koutrotsios, G. Zervakis","doi":"10.1080/11263504.2023.2176944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2023.2176944","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the last 20 years citizen science has largely contributed at promoting knowledge about mushroom diversity in Greece. In the frame of an ongoing collaboration among amateur and professional mycologists, hundreds of specimens have been subjected to DNA sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analyses and detailed morphoanatomical examination of selected collections. The study of recent findings revealed the existence of seven species which are new records for the Greek mycobiota, i.e. Amanita codinae, Cleistocybe carneogrisea, Hebeloma limbatum, Infundibulicybe alkaliviolascens, Lepiota farinolens, Leucoagaricus pilatianus and Pholiotina mediterranea. In particular, C. carneogrisea is a rare Mediterranean species, which has been proposed by the IUCN for inclusion in the Global Red List of Fungi. Moreover, these predominantly or exclusively southern European species are described and evaluated. All findings are discussed in respect to their most prominent features and closely related taxa, while ITS phylogenetic trees are presented for A. codinae and L. farinolens by including mainly species of the sections Lepidella and Ovisporae, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20099,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":"640 - 657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86685346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}