Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences最新文献

Rules of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A New Therapeutic Concept 对立违抗性障碍的规则:一个新的治疗概念

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2022.1087

Poulton A, Nivendkar M, Rajabalee N, Puusepp-Benazzouz H, Liu A, Bhurawala H

引用次数: 0

Do Overweight, Arterial Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Worsen Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders? 超重、动脉高血压和2型糖尿病会加重酒精使用障碍患者的认知障碍吗?

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2022.1086

Perney P, Nalpas B, Alarcon R, Tiberghien M, Shuldiner S, Rigole H, Trouillet R

{"title":"Do Overweight, Arterial Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Worsen Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders?","authors":"Perney P, Nalpas B, Alarcon R, Tiberghien M, Shuldiner S, Rigole H, Trouillet R","doi":"10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2022.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2022.1086","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Overweight, Arterial Hypertension (AH) and diabetes are frequently associated with alcohol use disorders. As each of these co-morbidities is independently associated with cognitive impairment, we studied whetherthey could worsen alcohol-related cognitive impairment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a clinical database of patients with an alcohol use disorder admitted to an addiction treatment unit of a teaching hospital. Patient weight was classified using WHO recommendations; arterial hypertension and Type 2 diabetes were diagnosed according to the most recent guidelines. Cognitive status was assessed using the MoCA administered on admission and at discharge by trained staff members. Results: Among the 387 patients included (69.3% male, mean age 50.4), 6.4% suffered from Type II diabetes, AH was present in 22.4% of the sample, and 20.6% were obese (BMI>=30). MoCA scores at admission did not differ as a function of BMI, or AH or Type II diabetes status. At discharge, MoCA scoreshad improved in all subgroups; however, a multivariate analysis showed that they had improved significantly less in the AH group compared to the non-AH group. Conclusions: Our results confirm the impact of hypertension on cognitive dysfunction, including in patients with severe alcohol use disorders. Monitoring of blood pressure levels is, therefore, an important preventive measure for cognitive dysfunction in these patients.","PeriodicalId":200970,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124750569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Rare Case of Factitious Bleeding from Multiple Sites: Munchausen’s Syndrome 一例罕见的多部位人为出血:孟乔森综合征

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-02 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2022.1085

Gomes Rr

引用次数: 0

Use of the MoCA Combined with the Fab for the Screening of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders MoCA联合Fab筛查酒精使用障碍患者的认知功能障碍

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1083

Trouillet R, Nalpas B, Ewert V, Alarcon R, P. S., Donnadieu-Rigole H, Luquiens A, Perney P

{"title":"Use of the MoCA Combined with the Fab for the Screening of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders","authors":"Trouillet R, Nalpas B, Ewert V, Alarcon R, P. S., Donnadieu-Rigole H, Luquiens A, Perney P","doi":"10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1083","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Cognitive dysfunction is common in patients with Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). This impairment needs to be detected since it affects the quality of life of patients and compliance with therapeutic programs. As global cognitive and executive functions may be differently affected in AUD patients, we wondered whether, when diagnosing cognitive dysfunction, specific measurement of executive functioning could provide an incremental value that could be used in addition to global cognitive measurement. Methods: Cognitive status was evaluated at admission using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and a battery of Neuropsychological (NP) reference tests in 134 patients with AUD hospitalized in an addictions treatment unit. Results: Seventy patients (52%) had cognitive dysfunction according to the battery of Neuropsychological (NP) tests. Among these 70 patients, 59 (84%) and 38 (54%) had abnormal MoCA and FAB test results, respectively. Concordance between the MoCA and the FAB was weak (kappa = 0.27). Analysis through logistic regression showed that the Area under Curve (AUC) obtained with the MoCA test was a better single predictor of cognitive impairment (0.85) than that obtained with the FAB (0.73). Combining the two tests produced an AUC of 0.86, a value not significantly different from that obtained with the MoCA. Conclusions: The MoCA-FAB combination did not perform better than the MoCA alone as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction among AUD patients. This confirms that the MoCA is an efficient screening tool since it can detect frontal as well as general cognitive disorders.","PeriodicalId":200970,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126459793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frontline Healthcare Professional’s Acute Stress Disorder during Covid-19 Covid-19期间一线医护人员的急性应激障碍

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1084

El Boghdady M, Ewalds-Kvist Bm

{"title":"Frontline Healthcare Professional’s Acute Stress Disorder during Covid-19","authors":"El Boghdady M, Ewalds-Kvist Bm","doi":"10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1084","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Frontline healthcare workers are on high risk since the Covid-19 virus outbreak. A frontline healthcare professional (HP) combatted patients’ deaths and disasters from the virus. Own injury, potential complications, and isolation were anticipated. Methods: This is a case report of a HP who withdrew to self-isolation for 2-weeks with an intensifying fear of health deterioration. The isolation and feelings of being in poor health, opened for an asynchronous email therapy with CBT in Socratic-maieutic style with about 60 open-ended questions and triangulated with a projective test. The acute stress disorder (ASD) was validated by National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale (NSESSS). Results: The NSESSS confirmed the severity of ASD. Seven symptoms were repeatedly assessed death anxiety, worries about family after own death, chest compression, stress, depression, and other psychological and physical symptoms. The four assessments were done at the COVID-19 diagnosis, at start and end of the asynchronous email therapy along with two follow-ups at 10 weeks and 9 months, respectively. Friedman test with Page L trend test revealed a steady symptom-improvement trend over all measurements (p <0.001; Page L, p <0.001). Conclusion: The psychological symptoms increased during isolation and quarantine periods and escalated the physical awkwardness in the healthcare professional. Consequently, both types of discomfort need to be appropriately addressed.","PeriodicalId":200970,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122917271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Invertebrates and Their Role Parkinson’s Disease Therapy 无脊椎动物及其在帕金森病治疗中的作用

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1082

Ullah I, W. X, L. H.

{"title":"The Invertebrates and Their Role Parkinson’s Disease Therapy","authors":"Ullah I, W. X, L. H.","doi":"10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1082","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly common as life expectancy increases. After Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most prevalent and incidental neurodegenerative disorder commonly affecting more than 2% of the elderly population of age 65. Because of the destructive consequences of PD and insufficient current management strategies, it is essential to develop an effective suite of preventative regimens and treatments. The main hurdle in the development of neuroprotective therapies for PD is the limited understanding of the key molecular mechanisms. The search for cardinal hallmarks, potential therapeutics and preclinical animal models are in progress. Examining therapeutic compounds and molecular pathways in human and animal models are limited due to high cost, ethical concerns and lengthy time frame. Invertebrate models are the best alternative in terms of cost, ethical concerns and time frame and up to some extent provided basic insight into the disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the invertebrate models possibilities for gaining insight into the basic molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in PD pathogenesis as well as the screening of the potential therapeutic and neuroprotective compounds.","PeriodicalId":200970,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131044823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Guideline Review on Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Focus on Clozapine and other Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies 难治性精神分裂症指南综述:以氯氮平和其他药物治疗策略为重点

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1081

Zolezzi M, E. Y, N. M, Abdallah O

{"title":"A Guideline Review on Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Focus on Clozapine and other Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies","authors":"Zolezzi M, E. Y, N. M, Abdallah O","doi":"10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1081","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) represents a significant challenge in mental health provision. Although underused in clinical practice, clozapine remains the treatment of first choice for TRS. This review aims at reviewing clozapine and other treatment options for TRS as recommended in the most recent schizophrenia Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). Methods: A literature search for CPGs was undertaken in four electronic databases, using the terms: ‘schizophrenia’, ‘clozapine’ and ‘guidelines’. Results: Seven schizophrenia CPGs published by national or professional institutions were identified from the period of 2010-2020. The CPGs varied in the scope of the information provided about clozapine’s role in the management of schizophrenia. However, they provided strong supporting evidence on its efficacy in the management of TRS. Main differences in recommendations provided in the schizophrenia CPGs were in relation to the definition of TRS, on the management of patients with TRS who do not respond to clozapine treatment, and on the breath of information in relation to clozapine’s safety profile and monitoring recommendations. Conclusions and Recommendations: Future iteration of schizophrenia CPGs should address these important gaps in information, including strategies to support the safe use of clozapine to decrease treatment delays and reluctance in the use of this effective medication.","PeriodicalId":200970,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131750890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Survey of Students’ Attitudes to Big Data Analysis in Iranian Universities 伊朗高校学生对大数据分析的态度调查

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1080

N. E., Norouzi S, Aldaghi T, Rasoulian M, Shahriari Mh, Kheirdoust A, Tabesh H

{"title":"A Survey of Students’ Attitudes to Big Data Analysis in Iranian Universities","authors":"N. E., Norouzi S, Aldaghi T, Rasoulian M, Shahriari Mh, Kheirdoust A, Tabesh H","doi":"10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1080","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Today, with the emergence of new technologies and massive data, big data analysis has attracted the attention of researchers, industries and universities on a global scale. The present research aims to explore students’ attitude to big data analysis in different fields of study. Methodology: The present cross-sectional study was conducted with students at different universities and fields of study in Iran. A questionnaire was developed. This questionnaire explored students’ attitude toward big data analysis. To this aim, 359 university students participated in the research. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The age of the students ranged between 25 and 34 years. 55.2% were female and 54% were economically active. 40.9% had a work experience of less than a year. The academic degree of the majority of participants was master’s degree. 93.9% of the participants believed that big data analysis was essential for the country. 43.2% maintained that big data mostly belonged to the communication industry. 28.1% perceived MATLAB useful software for analysis. 40.9% were familiar with the benefits of analysis. Engage in economic activities, less than 1 year of experience and studies for a Master’s degree showed to be significantly correlated with familiarity with the benefits of big data (p=0.01). Such issues as high costs, managers’ unfamiliarity and lack of expertise and complexity were raised by the respondents.","PeriodicalId":200970,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"408 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126688015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Childhood Trauma as a Risk Factor of Adult Fear of Birth and the Preference of a Caesarean Section 童年创伤是成人害怕分娩和偏好剖腹产的危险因素

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-14 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1078

C. Höpfner, J. Frommer, F. Junne, M. Vogel, C. Schwartz, M. Walter

{"title":"Childhood Trauma as a Risk Factor of Adult Fear of Birth and the Preference of a Caesarean Section","authors":"C. Höpfner, J. Frommer, F. Junne, M. Vogel, C. Schwartz, M. Walter","doi":"10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpsychiatrybehavsci.2021.1078","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tokophobia (TP) is linked to negative affect, posttraumatic distress and the request for Caesarean Section. Prior trauma and some corresponding personality features, including typical of borderline personality, contribute to TP. With the conflictual object of this fear being a relational one, TP is amenable to psychodynamic heuristics. We investigate Childhood Trauma (CHT), emotional distress, dissociation and borderline personality organization (BPO) along with TP and the request for Caesarean Section in 153 pregnant women, based on the assumption that CS and TP represent the two sides of the same coin, and that their relationship would be rooted in correlates of trauma such as dissociation or BPO. Method: We used the WIJMA questionnaire, the dissociative experience scale, the childhood trauma screener, the IPO-16, and the BSI-18, as well as Kendall´s tau, linear regression and a mediation analysis. Result: The wish for CS was associated with TP and occurred in 6.3% of the sample. Correlations showed between TP and BPO, emotional distress and CHT. Linear regression revealed the prediction of TP by CHT, and the effect of CHT on the wish for CS was fully mediated by TP. Ambivalence regarding the preferred mode of birth coincided with the greatest emotional distress including TP. Dissociation did not contribute to TP. Discussion: CHT may be a cornerstone of the psychodynamics leading to the preference of CS over natural birth. TP mediates the respective effects on the wish for CS and may reproduce the ambivalence of childhood experiences of interpersonal adversity.","PeriodicalId":200970,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"4 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131437945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hysteroid and Obsessoid Personalities, Depression and Suicidality 癔症和强迫症人格、抑郁和自杀倾向

Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-03 DOI: 10.26420/AUSTINJPSYCHIATRYBEHAVSCI.2021.1076

D. Lester

引用次数: 0