Yun-Ju Xiang, Yi-Dong Tao, Guo-Yun Yu, Mao-Dan Yang, Jin Xu, Wei Gao, Wen Fu
{"title":"Effect of Hsp83 on the survival and reproductive fitness in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Yun-Ju Xiang, Yi-Dong Tao, Guo-Yun Yu, Mao-Dan Yang, Jin Xu, Wei Gao, Wen Fu","doi":"10.1111/phen.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family plays multiple roles in the development and reproduction of insects, but its specific function and importance in moths still need to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the function of Hsp83 (Hsp90 member) in <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> for the first time by using gene cloning, gene spatio-temporal expression in relation to biotic and abiotic stresses, RNAi and bioassay. The identified <i>Sf</i>Hsp83 protein contains the HATPase_c and HSP90 domains, as well as the Hsp family signature sequence YSNKEIFLRE, and four Hsp90 characteristic sequences. The expression of <i>SfHsp83</i> in the adult stage is relatively higher than in other stages. <i>SfHsp83</i> exhibited the highest expression in the abdomen and head of female adults. Heat stress (but cold stress did not) significantly induced the up-regulation of <i>SfHsp83</i> in female adults but not in males, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> stress, whereas <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> did not significantly induce the up-regulation of <i>SfHsp83</i> in the larvae. RNAi significantly knocked down the expression of <i>SfHsp83</i> in female adults, with a reduction rate of over 60%. The biological assay showed that <i>SfHsp83</i> RNAi significantly increased (up to 30%) the mortality of female adults under heat or bacterial stress, and significantly decreased female fecundity (reduced 50%) and egg-hatching rate (reduced 30%). RNAi also negatively affected ovarian development and oviposition behaviour of females. These results suggested that <i>Sf</i>Hsp83 has functional diversity, which plays important roles in stress response and tolerance, as well as in egg and embryonic development. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the function of Hsp83 using RNAi in Lepidoptera, and the results have provided an in-depth understanding of the functional pleiotropy and evolutionary significance of Hsp83 in moths.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"51 1","pages":"63-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasticity of cold tolerance and body composition in response to varying winter conditions in a temperate wolf spider","authors":"Leslie J. Potts White, Nicholas M. Teets","doi":"10.1111/phen.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ability to adjust thermal tolerance in varying environmental conditions is a critical adaptation for species living in seasonal environments. While flexibility in cold tolerance is well documented in insects, few studies have investigated the capacity of spiders to alter cold tolerance through phenotypic plasticity. Here, we assessed plasticity in cold tolerance and body composition in the wolf spider <i>Schizocosa stridulans</i> exposed to three distinct simulated winter temperature regimes: one that reflects current conditions, one that reflects a warmer winter and one that reflects a warmer winter with increased diurnal variation. We found that the critical thermal minimum (CT<sub>min</sub>; the lowest temperature a spider can remain active) was plastic. Specifically, CT<sub>min</sub> was lowest at the coldest time of the simulated winter, and it was lowest in spiders exposed to current winter conditions compared to spiders exposed to warmer simulated winters. In contrast, the supercooling point, or the temperature at which spiders spontaneously freeze, was invariant across time and winter conditions. Growth rates were also dependent on winters, with spiders from the warmer and more variable winters having significantly higher growth rates. Protein and lipid contents, however, were not affected by winter environment, indicating that spiders are able to maintain these macronutrients at the same proportional level regardless of growth rate. In contrast, carbohydrate content was slightly but significantly lower in spiders maintained in a warmer and more variable winter. Our results indicate that while spiders exposed to warmer winters that have higher daily maximum temperatures may be able to grow faster, they do so at the expense of maintaining cold tolerance and thus may be more susceptible to sudden cold snaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"51 1","pages":"76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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