Physiological Entomology最新文献_第10页

The exceptional attachment ability of the ectoparasitic bee louse Braula coeca (Diptera, Braulidae) on the honeybee 外寄生蜂虱(双翅目，蜂虱科)对蜜蜂的特殊附着能力

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12378

Thies H. Büscher, Dennis S. Petersen, Nienke N. Bijma, Fabian Bäumler, Christian W. W. Pirk, Sebastian Büsse, Lars Heepe, Stanislav N. Gorb

{"title":"The exceptional attachment ability of the ectoparasitic bee louse Braula coeca (Diptera, Braulidae) on the honeybee","authors":"Thies H. Büscher, Dennis S. Petersen, Nienke N. Bijma, Fabian Bäumler, Christian W. W. Pirk, Sebastian Büsse, Lars Heepe, Stanislav N. Gorb","doi":"10.1111/phen.12378","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12378","url":null,"abstract":"Bee lice (Braulidae) are small parasitic flies, which are adapted to live on their bee host. As such, the wingless Braula coeca is a parasite of the common honey bee Apis mellifera and it is well adapted to attach to its hairy surface. The attachment system of B. coeca provides a secure grip on the fine setae of the bee. This is crucial for the parasite survival, as detachment from the host is fatal for the bee louse. The feet morphology of B. coeca is well adapted to the challenging bee surface, notably by strongly broadened claws, which are split into a high number of comb-like teeth, perfectly matching the diameter of the bee hairs. Based on microscopy observations, both the morphology and material composition of the tarsi of B. coeca are characterized in detail. Using high-speed video analysis, we combine the morphology data on the attachment system with a behavioural context. Furthermore, we directly measured the attachment forces generated by the bee lice in contact with the host. In particular, the claws are involved in attachment to the host, as the interstices between the teeth-like spines allow for the collection of several hairs and generate strong friction, when the hairs slip to the narrow gap between the spines. The overall morphology of the tarsus produces strong attachment, with average safety factors (force per body weight) around 1130, and stabilizes the tarsal chain with lateral stoppers against overflexion, but also allows for the fast detachment by the tarsal chain torsion.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 2","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87395752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Insecticide resistance in field populations of the pear psyllids Cacopsylla permixta and Cacopsylla bidens in Iran 伊朗梨木虱田间种群对杀虫剂抗性的研究

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12377

Mojtaba Esmaeily, Khalil Talebi, Vahid Hosseininaveh, Jamasb Nozari, Daniel Burckhardt, Colin J. Jackson, John G. Oakeshott

{"title":"Insecticide resistance in field populations of the pear psyllids Cacopsylla permixta and Cacopsylla bidens in Iran","authors":"Mojtaba Esmaeily, Khalil Talebi, Vahid Hosseininaveh, Jamasb Nozari, Daniel Burckhardt, Colin J. Jackson, John G. Oakeshott","doi":"10.1111/phen.12377","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12377","url":null,"abstract":"Cacopsylla permixta and Cacopsylla bidens are major pests of pears in Iran. They are commonly sprayed with various insecticides up to 12 times a year but control by these means is no longer reliable, suggesting the evolution of resistance. Here, we report about 60-fold variation in diazinon susceptibility both among five geographic populations of C. bidens and among three geographic populations of C. permixta, as well as 12- to 14-fold variations in imidacloprid susceptibility in these populations. The levels of resistance to the two compounds were highly correlated in the different populations. Esterase, cytochrome P450, and glutathione S-transferase activities all varied by about two-fold among the different populations and were also highly correlated with population resistance to the two insecticides, implying differences in metabolism contribute to the differences in resistance. Bioassays with inhibitors of each class of enzyme indicated all three, but particularly the esterases, contributed to the variation in diazinon resistance, while esterase and, in particular, cytochrome P450 activities contributed to the variation in imidacloprid resistance. The most resistant populations of each species also showed some resistance to chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid, suggesting there may be wide cross resistance to organophosphates and neonicotinoids in these populations. The sampled psyllid populations showed lower levels of resistance to representatives of two other classes of insecticides currently used in Iran, spirotetramat and abamectin, though resistance to spirotetramat was detectable and was correlated with diazinon and imidacloprid resistance across populations. We conclude that metabolic resistance to a range of insecticides is now evolving in field populations of both species in Iran, warranting timely development of resistance management plans.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 2","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88873812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The respiratory metabolism of overwintering paper wasp gynes (Polistes dominula and Polistes gallicus) 越冬纸蜂(Polistes dominula和Polistes gallicus)呼吸代谢的研究

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12376

Helmut Kovac, Helmut Käfer, Iacopo Petrocelli, Anton Stabentheiner

{"title":"The respiratory metabolism of overwintering paper wasp gynes (Polistes dominula and Polistes gallicus)","authors":"Helmut Kovac, Helmut Käfer, Iacopo Petrocelli, Anton Stabentheiner","doi":"10.1111/phen.12376","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12376","url":null,"abstract":"Winter in climatic regions with low temperatures is a challenge for overwintering insects. They are exposed to temperature extremes, which directly cause mortality or lead to energy depletion. The winter hibernaculum of paper wasp gynes protects from predators and rain, but only poorly from ambient temperature. In order to detect physiological adaptations to differing climates, we compared the respiratory metabolism of overwintering gynes of two polistine species from the Mediterranean climate in Italy (Polistes dominula and Polistes gallicus), and of one species from the temperate climate in Austria (Polistes dominula). The wasps' CO2 emission was measured with stop-flow respirometry in a temperature range from 2.5 to 20 °C. The mass-specific standard (resting) metabolic rate, the main type of metabolism of the dormant insects during overwintering, increased exponentially with ambient temperature but was suppressed in comparison to individuals measured in the summer, which conserves the energy stores. In addition, it was lower in the Mediterranean species (P. dominula and P. gallicus) in comparison to the temperate species (P. dominula), especially at higher temperatures. The active metabolic rate was suppressed to a similar amount. The suppressed metabolism of the overwintering Mediterranean gynes could be an adaptation to the higher winter temperatures to prevent a premature depletion of the energy resources.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 1","pages":"62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87227727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Comparison of life-history traits and oviposition preferences of Tuta absoluta for 12 common tomato varieties in Burkina Faso 布基纳法索12个常见番茄品种的绝对图塔生活史性状和产卵偏好比较

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12373

Mathieu W. Sawadogo, Rémy A. Dabire, Besmer Régis Ahissou, Schémaëza Bonzi, Irénée Somda, Souleymane Nacro, Clément Martin, Anne Legrève, François J. Verheggen

{"title":"Comparison of life-history traits and oviposition preferences of Tuta absoluta for 12 common tomato varieties in Burkina Faso","authors":"Mathieu W. Sawadogo, Rémy A. Dabire, Besmer Régis Ahissou, Schémaëza Bonzi, Irénée Somda, Souleymane Nacro, Clément Martin, Anne Legrève, François J. Verheggen","doi":"10.1111/phen.12373","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12373","url":null,"abstract":"The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an economically important insect pest of tomatoes. Since its discovery in Burkina Faso in 2016, the use of synthetic insecticides was favored, with many cases of treatment failure. To explore alternative control methods, we conducted a screening of the 12 main tomato varieties produced in the country to test two hypotheses: (i) Some tomato varieties are less likely to attract gravid females and be used as oviposition site; (ii) Some varieties are unsuitable host plants as they allow slower development and lead to higher mortality. The varieties tested include RomaVF, KanonF1, Cobra 26 F1, FBT1, FBT2, FBT3, RaissaF1, JampacktF1, Mongal, Rio Grande, Tropimech, and Petomech. T. absoluta fitness was largely impacted by the tomato variety, especially egg incubation time and larval and pupal stage durations. As a result, the total T. absoluta life cycle was slower on Cobra 26 F1 and Kanon F1 (24.6 ± 1.8 and 25.8 ± 3.3 days, respectively) and faster on FBT1 and Rio grande (22.6 ± 3.0 and 22.8 ± 2.6 days, respectively). None of the varieties impacted the adult lifespan. All varieties were accepted as hosts by gravid females during multiple-choice oviposition assays. The number of eggs laid per female was statistically similar among the varieties. We conclude that two varieties, Kanon F1 and Cobra 26 F1, have better abilities to slow T. absoluta development, limiting the number of generations while increasing the probability that natural enemies find and kill their prey.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 1","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83852946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Referees 裁判

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12374

引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of zero population growth (zpg) gene in Plutella xylostella 小菜蛾零群体生长(zpg)基因的鉴定与鉴定

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12372

Li-Jun Cai, Tian-Pu Li, Xi-Jian Lin, Yu-Ping Huang, Jiang-Mei Qin, Wei Xu, Min-Sheng You

{"title":"Identification and characterization of zero population growth (zpg) gene in Plutella xylostella","authors":"Li-Jun Cai, Tian-Pu Li, Xi-Jian Lin, Yu-Ping Huang, Jiang-Mei Qin, Wei Xu, Min-Sheng You","doi":"10.1111/phen.12372","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12372","url":null,"abstract":"The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is one of the most destructive insect pests on cruciferous plants, which causes huge economic losses annually across the world. Due to its resistance to all classes of insecticides, new effective management approaches are urgently needed. The innexin genes encode gap junction proteins in invertebrates, which play critical roles in cell-to-cell interactions for electrical currents, small molecules and ions. Zero population growth (zpg), one germline-specific innexin protein, is required for survival of differentiating early germ cells during gametogenesis in many insect species. In this study, nine innexin genes were identified from the P. xylostella genome, and named as Pxylinx1.1, Pxylinx1.2, Pxylinx2, Pxylinx3, Pxylinx4, Pxylinx7.1, Pxylinx7.2, PxylshakB.1 and PxylshakB.2. The expression profiles of P. xylostella innexin genes in different developmental stages and tissues were examined, revealing Pxylinx4 was specifically expressed in eggs and female ovaries, which is the candidate zpg gene in P. xylostella. RNA interference (RNAi) was utilized to investigate the functions of Pxylinx4 in egg-laying and egg-hatching. The results showed that RNAi treatment on Pxylinx4 in female P. xylostella, lead to the decrease of the egg-laying but not the egg-hatching. This study improves our understanding of P. xylostella innexin genes and provides a candidate molecular target (Pxylinx4) for developing new approaches to control this economically important pest.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89464746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Apoptotic arms races in insect-baculovirus coevolution 昆虫-杆状病毒协同进化中的凋亡军备竞赛

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12371

Toshihiro Nagamine

引用次数: 9

Immune function does not trade-off with reproductive effort in a semelparous wolf spider with parental care 半产狼蛛在亲代照顾下的免疫功能不与生殖努力相权衡

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12369

Lucas J. Kirschman, Lindsey Dewey, Andre Gregory

{"title":"Immune function does not trade-off with reproductive effort in a semelparous wolf spider with parental care","authors":"Lucas J. Kirschman, Lindsey Dewey, Andre Gregory","doi":"10.1111/phen.12369","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12369","url":null,"abstract":"Trade-offs between negatively associated traits underlie life history evolution. Immune function is often involved in life history trade-offs, because of the energetic and nutritional costs of mounting and maintaining immune responses. Reproductive strategies exist on a continuum between semelparity and iteroparity. While immune function is often downregulated in semelparous organisms because they do not have to account for future survival or reproduction, those organisms that also provide parental care may retain the strength of immune responses. Wolf spiders (family: Lycosidae) are semelparous yet provide parental and provide a good system to evaluate trade-offs between immune responses and reproductive effort. We measured encapsulation response and reproductive effort of female wolf spiders from three reproductive classes: nongravid, gravid, and carrying young. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the immune responses of female wolf spiders carrying young. We hypothesized female T. georgicola derive the allocate resources to reproduction at the expense of immune function. However, we found reproductive effort had no relationship with encapsulation response in spiders carrying young. There was also no difference in the encapsulation response between reproductive classes. Individual differences in resource acquisition may explain the lack of a relationship between reproductive effort and encapsulation in spiders carrying young. Spiders with larger resource pools have more resources to devote to reproduction and immunity. Maintaining resources to mount immune responses across reproductive stages could also increase the fitness of female wolf spiders because they must survive to carry and disperse the young, which reduces kin competition among spiderlings.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 1","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/phen.12369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87325180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Oviposition site selection and attachment ability of Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and Harmonia axyridis from the egg to the adult stage 四角去孔丙螟和灰毛蛾卵至成虫的产卵地点选择及附着能力

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-07-21 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12368

Gianandrea Salerno, Manuela Rebora, Silvana Piersanti, Thies H. Büscher, Elena V. Gorb, Stanislav N. Gorb

{"title":"Oviposition site selection and attachment ability of Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and Harmonia axyridis from the egg to the adult stage","authors":"Gianandrea Salerno, Manuela Rebora, Silvana Piersanti, Thies H. Büscher, Elena V. Gorb, Stanislav N. Gorb","doi":"10.1111/phen.12368","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12368","url":null,"abstract":"Surface features of plants can influence the searching efficiency and survival of predatory insects. Surfaces act as barriers preventing attachment of both phytophages and also their insect predators. In this regard, we focused on the oviposition site selection and the attachment ability of all life stages (eggs, larvae, imagines) of two common ladybird species, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on artificial and natural substrates with different surface features and properties (roughness, wettability). Both species preferred a hydrophilic surface as the oviposition site and this can be correlated with the better performance of both larvae and adults on these substrates compared with hydrophobic ones. The egg glue of both ladybird species can wet hydrophobic surfaces such as those of many plant leaves and also with prominent 3D wax coverage. The surface roughness has an important role in the oviposition site selection in P. quatuordecimpunctata, but not in H. axyridis. The oviposition preference for smooth surfaces in P. quatuordecimpunctata could be due to better performance of larvae on smooth substrates compared with rough ones. The egg glue of both species can adapt to artificial and natural surfaces characterized by different asperity sizes faithfully replicating their shape, except for very high asperity sizes or big trichomes. The results of the present research can shed light on the mechanical ecology of the evolutionary successful Coccinellidae and may aid in the development of suitable substrates for coccinellid egg-laying, in order to improve the mass rearing technique of species used in biological control.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 1","pages":"20-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/phen.12368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73701001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of Liothrips jatrophae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) to conspecific extracts and some of its identified compounds 麻疯蓟马(Thysanoptera: phlaeothripae)对同种提取物及其部分鉴定化合物的行为和电生理反应

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Physiological Entomology Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12367

Johana González-Orellana, Guillermo López-Guillén, Edi A. Malo, Arturo Goldarazena, Leopoldo Cruz-López

{"title":"Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of Liothrips jatrophae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) to conspecific extracts and some of its identified compounds","authors":"Johana González-Orellana, Guillermo López-Guillén, Edi A. Malo, Arturo Goldarazena, Leopoldo Cruz-López","doi":"10.1111/phen.12367","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12367","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the behavioural and electrophysiological responses of the thrips Liothrips jatrophae to conspecific extracts and some of its identified compounds. We integrated four constituents of the insect's chemical communication: identification of the compounds from L. jatrophae extract, behavioural response to extracts and synthetic blends, morphology of the main olfactory receptors (antennae), and electrophysiological response of the main olfactory receptors of the antennae to extracts and to individual synthetic compounds and synthetic blends. Analysis by GC–MS revealed that the L. jatrophae extract contains a mixture of 11 compounds (perillene, tridecane, β-acaridial, tetradecane, pentadecane, heptadecane, heptadecene, dodecyl isobutyrate, tridecyl isobutyrate, tetradecyl isobutyrate and hexadecyl isobutyrate). The major compounds were tridecane, pentadecane, tetradecyl isobutyrate and hexadecyl isobutyrate. When the thrips were exposed to the extracts, they exhibited an escape response, accompanied by other behavioural responses, such as rapid sideways movement and lifting of the abdomen and secretion of a drop at the tip of the abdomen. Morphology and distribution of the L. jatrophae antennal sensilla were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antenna consists of a scape, pedicel and six flagella. The microphotographs showed two types of sensilla: basiconica and trichoidea. Single sensillum recording (SSR) showed that the sensilla basiconica located in segment IV of the antenna were the most sensitive to the L. jatrophae extracts and to a synthetic blend, whereas the sensilla trichoidea did not exhibit electrophysiological response.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/phen.12367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85055745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3