Physiological Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and histological alterations in Bombyx mori exposed orally to pesticide dimethoate","authors":"Hashim Ashraf Qadri,&nbsp;Ayesha Qamar,&nbsp;Nikhil Maheshwari","doi":"10.1111/phen.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pesticides are an essential part of agricultural practices that ward off pathogens and diseases from the agricultural crop. However, apart from target organisms, these chemicals also have adverse effects on non-target organisms. Dimethoate is an insecticide used extensively in agriculture and horticulture practices worldwide. We used the silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i> as a model organism to study the effect of commercial formulation of dimethoate (Dimethoate-30% EC) on the gut, silk gland, and fat body tissues. LD₅₀ of dimethoate-30% EC on silkworm (<i>B. mori</i>) was 997 ppm, as reported in a previous study. We used concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ppm in our experiments. Our results showed that sub-lethal doses of dimethoate caused weight loss and induced damage at the histological level to the mid-gut, silk gland, and fat body of <i>B. mori</i>. It also caused a decrease in the level of antioxidants like CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH, and GST, indicating that dimethoate has produced a shift of ROS balance towards free radical generation and therefore resulted in overall damage to this organism<i>.</i> Sub-lethal doses of this pesticide also caused lipid peroxidation in the silk gland, gut, and fat body of <i>B. mori</i>, damaging these tissues. The disruption was also seen in the mid-gut and middle silk gland at the DNA level, where it caused single-strand breaks, as was revealed by single cell gel electrophoresis studies. Damage at histological, biochemical, and molecular levels was most extreme at a concentration of 100 ppm, the highest sub-lethal concentration given to <i>B. mori.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50121123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neotropical maize genotypes with different levels of benzoxazinoids affect fall armyworm development","authors":"Mirian F. F. Michereff,&nbsp;Izabela N. Nascimento,&nbsp;Gisele T. Santana,&nbsp;André L. F. Sarria,&nbsp;Miguel Borges,&nbsp;Raúl A. Laumann,&nbsp;David M. Withall,&nbsp;John C. Caulfield,&nbsp;Michael A. Birkett,&nbsp;Maria Carolina Blassioli-Moraes","doi":"10.1111/phen.12392","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12392","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants are equipped with various defensive attributes against herbivores, including volatile and nonvolatile compounds. In maize plants, benzoxazinoids mediate resistance against some herbivores, with the most abundant being (2<i>R</i>)-2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin−3(4H)-one (DIMBOA-Glc), and its corresponding aglucone 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA). Both compounds have been shown to interfere in the larval development of generalist herbivores but are less effective on specialist, that is, grass-feeding, herbivores. Using a Brazilian population of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda,</i> we investigated (i) the level of constitutive benzoxazinoids in Neotropical maize genotypes, that is, Zapalote Chico, Mirt 2A, Sintético Spodoptera, L3, BRS 4103 and BRS 1040 (ii) the effect of <i>S. frugiperda</i> herbivory on benzoxazinoid levels in these genotypes and (iii) the impact of the genotypes on the development of <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae. The results showed that the six maize genotypes produce different levels of benzoxazinoids, with Mirt 2A and BRS 1040 producing constitutively higher levels of HDMBOA-Glc and DIMBOA-Glc respectively compared to the other genotypes. When feeding on BRS 1040 and Mirt 2A, <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae took an additional week to pupate, but this effect does not affect larval survival, what was the same and high on all the genotypes (&gt;70%). Furthermore, production of DIMBOA-Glc and HDMBOA-Glc in these genotypes was suppressed, suggesting that <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae can alter maize defence plant responses. In summary, our results demonstrate that Neotropical maize genotypes produce varying levels of benzoxazinoids, genotypes respond differently to <i>S. frugiperda</i> herbivory and <i>S. frugiperda</i> is able to cope with secondary metabolite-based defence in Neotropical maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 4","pages":"232-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78104071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiacloprid + deltamethrin against the cotton aphid and the parasitoid wasp Aphidius colemani: From lethal to sublethal population effects","authors":"Marzieh Majidpour,&nbsp;Nariman Maroofpour,&nbsp;Mojtaba Ghane-Jahromi","doi":"10.1111/phen.12391","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The side effects of insecticides on non-target species are important to secure the intended effectiveness of pest management programmes. The cotton aphid <i>Aphis gossypii</i> is a frequent problem in industrial greenhouse cultivation, and insecticide and parasitoids are often used for crop protection. Among insecticides, mixtures are playing increasing roles in pest management in the greenhouse production system, as well as parasitoid use. The insecticide mixture thiacloprid + deltamethrin and the parasitoid wasp <i>Aphidius colemani</i> are the main agents used against the cotton aphid and are the focus of this study. Here, we report the effects of the thiacloprid + deltamethrin on <i>A</i>. <i>gossypii</i> and <i>Ap</i>. <i>colemani</i>. The low concentrations 2.79 g a.i/L (LC₁₀) and 7.28 g a.i/L (LC₃₀) compromised the life parameters of the aphid progeny and increased the development time at all juvenile stages. In addition, fecundity, longevity and other parameters (<i>r</i>, <i>R</i>₀ and <i>T</i>) were significantly impaired by thiacloprid + deltamethrin at both concentrations. The median lethal time estimate (LT₅₀) for <i>Ap</i>. <i>colemani</i> was 18.73 h; the parasitoid mortality was significant up to 24 h after application but decreased afterward. Regardless, the parasitoid life table parameters were also compromised by insecticide exposure, similarly to the parasitoid population growth and parasitism efficacy. These results demonstrate the effect of the insecticide mixture against <i>A</i>. <i>gossypii</i>, and the increased risk of its adverse impacts on the parasitoid <i>Ap</i>. <i>colemani</i>, which signals against their simultaneous application to control this pest species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 4","pages":"219-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90964940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic and transcriptional responses to starvation are regulated by FOXO in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum","authors":"Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangkun Meng,&nbsp;Heng Jiang,&nbsp;Huichen Ge,&nbsp;Yang Zheng,&nbsp;Kun Qian,&nbsp;Jianjun Wang","doi":"10.1111/phen.12390","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intermittent food scarcity is commonly encountered in all organisms including insects. Although the forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor is a well-known component of signalling cascades related to starvation stress, the detailed regulatory mechanisms during long-term starvation remain poorly understood in insects. In the present study, using the red flour beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum,</i> as a model organism, we showed that starvation treatment increased the expression of FOXO at both mRNA and protein levels and promoted its nuclear translocation to activate its transcriptional activity. Knockdown of <i>FOXO</i> leads to a significant reduction in the lifespan of <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i> accompanying reduced glycogen and triglyceride depletion as well as decreased glucose and trehalose accumulation under starvation conditions. Consistently, expression patterns of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis and trehalose metabolism under starvation conditions were significantly affected in dsFOXO-injected beetles. These results provided evidence that FOXO played an important role in the tolerance to prolonged starvation by regulating metabolic and transcriptional responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 4","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84672199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Gene Organization of the Mitochondrial Genome of Triatoma boliviana (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) and Phylogenetic Comparisons","authors":"S. Pita, P. Mora, Mirko Rojas-Cortez, T. Palomeque, P. Lorite, F. Panzera","doi":"10.3390/entomology1010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/entomology1010002","url":null,"abstract":"The complete mitogenome of Triatoma boliviana Martínez, Chávez, Sossa, Aranda, Vargas and Vidaurre, 2007 was assembled using next generation sequencing data. The 16,719 bp long genome contains 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and a control region. This mitogenome showed similar nucleotide composition, gene order and orientation than other triatomines. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on available complete mitogenomes from Reduviidae supported that Triatominae is a monophyletic group and that T. boliviana is basal to the two main Triatomini clades: North and South American. In addition, the analysis of a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial gene among Triatomini species, including species of the dispar lineage, supports the inclusion of T. boliviana in this group.","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73954634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nesidiocoris tenuis in Burkina Faso: Distribution, predatory capacity and insecticide sensibility","authors":"Mathieu W. Sawadogo,&nbsp;Elias Mano,&nbsp;Besmer Régis Ahissou,&nbsp;Irénée Somda,&nbsp;Souleymane Nacro,&nbsp;Anne Legrève,&nbsp;François J. Verheggen","doi":"10.1111/phen.12389","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Tuta absoluta</i> (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a worldwide invasive insect species, considered a major pest of tomato. It has recently established in Burkina Faso, where chemical control remains the only affordable option to limit damages. <i>Nesidiocoris tenuis</i> (Hemiptera: Miridae) is commercialized as a biological agent to control this pest in other parts of the world. But very limited information exists on this predator in Burkina Faso. In this study, we first performed an insect survey in all agricultural regions areas of the country, and we found <i>N. tenuis</i> to be widely observed in all of them. Then, we performed two laboratory bioassays and demonstrated that all instars preyed on <i>T. absoluta</i> eggs, whether they were fed ad libitum or they had to actively forage for their prey. Because insecticide tolerant populations of <i>T. absoluta</i> were recently identified, we finally aimed at identifying agrochemicals that do not harm <i>N. tenuis</i>. We evaluated the toxicity of two synthetic insecticides, three bio-bacterial insecticides and eight plant extracts, all being active ingredients available on the local market. Most of them (i.e., abamectin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, spinetoram) were highly toxic for both <i>T. absoluta</i> and <i>N. tenuis</i>. In contrast, <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> var. Kurstaki, neem oil, <i>Cleome viscosa</i> (Asian spiderflower), <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> (Basil) and <i>Cassia occidentalis</i> (Coffee senna) were compatible with <i>N. tenuis</i> while still controlling <i>T. absoluta</i>. Based on our results, we recommend the application of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> to both control <i>T. absoluta</i> and which does not compromise the maintenance of <i>N. tenuis</i> populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 4","pages":"201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83944536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning and memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus","authors":"Yukihisa Matsumoto","doi":"10.1111/phen.12387","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For insects living in an environment where food supplies constantly change, the ability to learn and to memorize the association of a specific cue with food is indispensable. The advantages of using insects for studies on learning and memory have been of great help to uncover a reliable capability of associative learning in various insect species. However, regarding neuronal and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory, reports are largely confined to a few insect species: the fruit fly, honey bee, and field cricket. In this review, I will introduce summarized results obtained from our studies on learning and memory in crickets. First, associative conditioning paradigms, which have been our main experimental procedures, will be described. Second, I will introduce the roles of octopamine and dopamine in conveying signals about appetitive stimuli and aversive stimuli, respectively, in learning and in memory retrieval. Third, short-term memory and long-term memory, two distinct memory phases of associative memory in crickets, will be introduced with details of signalling pathways involved in long-term memory formation. Fourth, the high capability of learning and memory and characteristics of complex memory will be described. Lastly, I will summarize the results of studies on age-related memory impairment in crickets. Crickets have the potential to be suitable model insects for studying neuromolecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory, following fruit flies and honey bees. Extensive studies on learning and memory in crickets will contribute to the elucidation of diversities in the neuromolecular mechanisms of learning and memory acquired through evolution in insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 3","pages":"147-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91052787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection and balancing in the superworm, Zophobas atratus","authors":"Yongsoo Choi,&nbsp;Kwang Pum Lee","doi":"10.1111/phen.12388","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The larvae of <i>Zophobas atratus</i> F. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are a promising source of dietary protein for animal feed. However, there has been no detailed investigation on macronutrient selection and requirement in <i>Z. atratus</i> larvae. Here, we used the geometric framework to explore the behavioural and physiological regulation of protein and carbohydrate in <i>Z. atratus</i> larvae. When provided with pairs of nutritionally imbalanced but complementary foods (choice experiment), <i>Z. atratus</i> larvae self-composed a diet with a protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio of 1.47:1 or 1.19:1 throughout the experimental period. Across different choice combinations, the intake of carbohydrate was more tightly regulated than that of protein. When confined to one of six foods imbalanced with respect to P:C ratio (no-choice experiment), <i>Z. atratus</i> larvae regulated their protein–carbohydrate intake to form linear intake arrays across nutrient space in a manner similar to those previously described for other nutritional generalists. The negative slope of the linear intake arrays was shallow (−0.67 to −0.54), suggesting that protein was over-consumed by <i>Z. atratus</i> larvae to a greater extent than carbohydrates. The nutritional landscapes fitted for larval performance traits exhibited that the performance of <i>Z. atratus</i> larvae was maximized at the P:C ratio of 2:1 and fell rapidly as the P:C ratio decreased below 1:1. There was evidence for post-ingestive regulation for body nutrient growth through adjusting the utilization efficiencies of ingested protein and carbohydrate. Our results represent the most comprehensive analysis of macronutrient regulation in <i>Z. atratus</i> and have implications for designing an optimal diet for this beneficial insect.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 3","pages":"188-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88907840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical screening, insecticidal and reprotoxic activities of Tecoma stans ethanolic leaf extract against the vector mosquito Culex pipiens","authors":"Nour-El Houda Hafsi,&nbsp;Kaouther Hamaidia,&nbsp;Noureddine Soltani","doi":"10.1111/phen.12386","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To select potential plant-based insecticides, <i>Tecoma stans</i> (Bignoniaceae) leaf extract was screened for its larvicidal and delayed effects against a medically important mosquito species <i>Culex pipiens</i> L. (Diptera: Culicidae). First, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was conducted on <i>T. stans</i> extract, collected in ethanol for its chemical characterization and detection of active constituents. Second, insecticidal bioassays were made with several concentrations on earlier fourth instar larvae (L4) of <i>Cx. pipiens</i> for 24 h as recommended by WHO, in order to determine the lethality parameters of the tested extract. For that, two concentrations (LC₃₀ and LC₅₀) were applied on L4 for 24 h, and emerged adults were observed for their reproductive performance success like fecundity, percentage of hatching (fertility), body and gonads' volume. The biochemical composition of whole bodies of adults was investigated. Also, the specific activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathion S-transferase (GST), biomarkers of neurotoxicity and detoxification, respectively, were also determined in L4 at different time intervals. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis (GC–MS) of the extract unveiled nine phytoconstituents with 2-[4-cyclohexylbutanoylamino]-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (36.24%) and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (22.65%) as major components. The early L4 of <i>Cx. pipiens</i> were exposed to LC₃₀ and LC₅₀, and after 24 h, surviving individuals have been further reared until adult emergence. All over, <i>T. stans</i> leaves ethanolic extract impairs adults reproductive traits; it adversely affected gonad's size, fecundity and fertility, which negatively affected the survival of their offspring. Lipids contents were found to increase in both male and female adults. <i>T. stans</i> ethanolic extract increased GST activity and slightly inhibited AChE activity in L4. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of <i>T. stans</i> could be a potential candidate used as a sustainable botanical insecticide for controlling mosquito.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 3","pages":"176-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73053155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking and foraging activity of Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at different temperatures","authors":"Johana P. Ramirez-Olier,&nbsp;Jessica J. Sanches,&nbsp;Júlia V. S. Barbosa,&nbsp;Liliana R. Botero,&nbsp;Vincent Fourcassié,&nbsp;José Cola Zanuncio,&nbsp;Ronald Zanetti","doi":"10.1111/phen.12384","DOIUrl":"10.1111/phen.12384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans</i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a leaf-cutting ant species found in the Brazilian Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest and causes serious damages to cultivated plants. Knowledge about its foraging activity could help to improve the integrated pest management of this species and to better understand its ecology. The relationship between ambient temperature and the biomass collected by individuals of one <i>Ac. subterraneus molestans</i> colony was studied in the laboratory. The colony remained in an experimental room at 24°C and its foragers had access to an arena in an incubator set at six different temperatures (10, 16, 22, 28, 34 or 40°C). Fresh leaves of <i>Hibiscus</i> sp. were put in the arena and the flow of ants leaving and returning to the nest, the proportion of ants returning to the nest with a leaf fragment, as well as the dry mass of these fragments, were evaluated during 1 h for each temperature. The head width of foraging ants (laden and unladen) and their running speed were also measured. The rate of biomass collected was almost null at 10°C, increased from 16 to 34°C, and decreased abruptly at 40°C. The size of the workers did not vary across temperatures, and the running speed increased with increasing temperatures but more rapidly for unloaded ants than for loaded ones. The lower flow intensity at 28 and 40°C was somewhat compensated at the individual level by the selection of larger leaf fragments or by an increase in the probability to return loaded to the nest, respectively. The results obtained in this study could improve the management of these ants, allowing to target the most favourable meteorological conditions to apply toxic baits, increase the probability for the baits to be carried to the nest, in addition to reducing their availability to nontarget organisms. Furthermore, they could be used to make predictions on the effects of global warming on the foraging activity of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"47 3","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85370808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}