Physiological Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Use of essential versus nonessential fatty acids during flight in monarch butterflies: Implications for the importance of nectaring during migration","authors":"Libesha Anparasan,&nbsp;Jeremy N. McNeil,&nbsp;Keith A. Hobson","doi":"10.1111/phen.12483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12483","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many insect species are migratory, but migration is energetically costly, leading to a trade-off between migration and subsequent reproduction. Of importance to the allocation of resources to migration and reproduction is the relative use of essential and nonessential fatty acids. How different ecological conditions experienced by individuals affect differential allocation of nutrients has not been well explored, especially in insects. Our goal was to evaluate how reproductive (summer) and migratory (fall) rearing conditions affect the source and allocation patterns of fatty acids used during experimental flights (0–6 h) in monarch butterflies (<i>Danaus plexippus</i> L.). We used larval and adult diets manipulated isotopically (δ¹³C) and chromatographic analyses to determine fatty acid composition and source in the fat body. C4 versus C3 carbohydrate feeding increased the δ¹³C value of lipids in monarchs (−31.2‰ vs. −22.1‰) and increased total fatty acid concentrations reflecting lipid synthesis during adult feeding. Fuel use during flight differed, with essential fatty acids being more conserved in fall versus summer conditions (21% vs. 32% loss, respectively), indicating that the environmental cues responsible for the onset of migration result in physiological changes that modify lipid use. Frequency of stopovers for nectar and nectar quality available during migration will influence the capacity of monarchs to conserve essential fatty acids up to and through the migration and overwintering period.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"221-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chilling induces prompt and synchronised hatching after obligatory diapause in the subtropical cricket Cardiodactylus guttulus","authors":"Hiroki Takekata,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Satomura,&nbsp;Atsushi Ogura,&nbsp;Akihiro Takemura","doi":"10.1111/phen.12482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Cardiodactylus guttulus</i> is a subtropical cricket endemic to the Ryukyu Islands. <i>C. guttulus</i> has a univoltine life cycle with an obligatory diapause in embryos during winter. An environmental time cue(s) is required to terminate diapause and synchronise the life cycle with the seasonal cycle. In several temperate crickets, chilling terminates embryonic diapause and induces prompt and synchronised hatching. In the present study, by observing the day of hatching after chilling, we investigated whether <i>C. guttulus</i> terminates embryonic diapause with reference to temperature as shown in temperate crickets. After chilling at 16°C, the hatching rates to day 120 after oviposition increased compared to the control maintained at 25°C without chilling. When the chilling treatment lasted more than 30 days, hatching occurred synchronously, showing that chilling at 16°C for 1 month is sufficient to terminate diapause and induce synchronised hatching in <i>C. guttulus</i>. In addition, longer exposure to 16°C was associated with shorter days of transfer from 16 to 25°C to hatching. This result suggests that embryogenesis post-diapause progressed slowly during chilling. These characteristics would be adaptive to warm winters in subtropical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"216-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval instar-dependent hemocytes in specialist herbivore Cydalima perspectalis fed on Buxus hyrcana and Buxus microphylla","authors":"Maryam Kholghahmadi,&nbsp;Azadeh Karimi-Malati,&nbsp;Jalal Jalali Sendi","doi":"10.1111/phen.12480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12480","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The boxwood moth, <i>Cydalima perspectalis</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), as invasive specialist species in Iran has caused considerable damage in endemic forest stands of <i>Buxus hyrcana</i> Pojark since 2016. Host plant species can alter herbivore–plant interactions through the quantitative and qualitative changes of hemocytes even within a specialist herbivore. To determine the hemocyte variations on different host plants across larval development, the third and sixth instar larvae of <i>C. perspectalis</i> fed on <i>B. hyrcana</i> (native boxwood) and <i>B. microphylla</i> Sieb. and Zucc. (introduced nonnative boxwood) were compared. Total (THC) and differential (DHC) hemocyte count were determined using light, phase-contrast, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on results, six types of hemocytes were recognized in hemolymph including prohemocytes (PRs), plasmatocytes (PLs), granulocytes (GRs), oenocytoides (OEs) and spherulocytes (SPs) as well as unknown elongated quadrangular cells (elongocytes [ELs], the term has been first employed here) with obvious and distinguishable nuclei which were observed by the SEM and TEM microscopy. The ELs were rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, and the largest cells in hemolymph—their length varied from 14.00 to 15.73 μm. Our results showed that the total number of hemocytes (THC) significantly increased across larval development. Moreover, host plant species significantly affected total hemocyte count where the THC of sixth instar larvae on <i>B. microphylla</i> (2561.00 ± 10.60 cell/mm³) was significantly higher than on <i>B. hyrcana</i> (2440.00 ± 51.50 cell/mm³). The differential hemocyte count (DHC) profile study showed that GRs along with PLs were the most abundant cells in the hemolymph irrespective of larval instar and host plant species. Furthermore, the GRs% and ELs% increased throughout the larval development on both host plants, while a significant reduction of PLs% was recorded from third instar to sixth instar during the larval stage on two <i>Buxus</i> species. Apart from larval instar, host plant species had a significant effect on DHC of <i>C. perspectalis</i>. Despite higher total hemocyte number when fed on <i>B. microphylla</i>, the PLs% and ELs% were significantly higher in sixth-instar larvae fed on <i>B. hyrcana</i> compared with <i>B. microphylla</i>. Oppositely, the percentage of GRs was 17% less in larvae reared on <i>B. hyrcana</i> than on <i>B. microphylla</i>. As hemocyte types are responsible for different immune functions, these findings on instar- and host plant-dependent variation in their relative abundance would be critical to understand the immune response of this specialist herbivore.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"182-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key questions for future research in Physiological Entomology","authors":"Thies H. Büscher,&nbsp;Arthur G. Appel,&nbsp;Tim Lüddecke,&nbsp;Vladimir Kostal,&nbsp;Pedro F. Vale,&nbsp;Fiona Clissold,&nbsp;José L. Maestro,&nbsp;Hideharu Numata,&nbsp;Kenji Tomioka,&nbsp;Nicky Wybouw,&nbsp;Nicholas Teets,&nbsp;Toby J. A. Bruce","doi":"10.1111/phen.12481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12481","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Physiological Entomology&lt;/i&gt;—the study of how insects work—can contribute to basic understanding of biology and evolutionary adaptation as well as inform insect conservation and pest management. We are keen to emphasise the breadth of the subject and how it is relevant to wider contemporary scientific developments such as big data and genomics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a horizon scanning exercise, editors of &lt;i&gt;Physiological Entomology&lt;/i&gt; considered key questions for future research in the subject, and these form the subject of this editorial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This article was developed in the wider context of raising awareness of &lt;i&gt;Physiological Entomology&lt;/i&gt; and highlighting the broad scope and relevance of the journal to help the community frame research questions at the forefront of our discipline (Bruce et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All these themes concern physiological mechanisms by which insects can increase their evolutionary fitness (ability to survive and reproduce) (Orr, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). The core themes are shared by all animals and reflect the increasingly integrative nature of insect physiology. For example, senses are required for perception of the environment and other organisms, are modulated by phenotypic plasticity including learning behaviour and play key roles in finding mates and food for reproduction and nutrition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Environmental adaptation is a major theme in &lt;i&gt;Physiological Entomology&lt;/i&gt;. Indeed, if we were to rename the journal, ‘Insect Environmental Adaptations’ could perhaps be a strong contender. Questions raised range from why insects are so successful at adapting to the environment in general, to more focussed aspects such as adaptation to cold stress (Lemay et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), heat stress (Huang et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) or starvation (Lenhart et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). It is remarkable that insects are the most successful animals both in terms of number of species and in terms of biomass. It is estimated that there are 5.5 million species of insect (Stork, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) and 1 gigaton of carbon biomass globally (Bar-On et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). Interest in understanding environmental adaptations in insects arises from several viewpoints. Besides understanding the processes responsible for evolution of the amazing biodiversity of insects, research is conducted to address how they deal with challenges posed by environmental stresses and what factors suppress insect propagation to provide measures for pest control (Piersanti et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Insects have evolved a suite of adaptations to cope with biotic and abiotic stressors. What is the extent of these adaptations, and why do some species have narrow ranges while others have broad distributions? (Bonadies et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). This question is important and timely because of accelerating climate change and its probable effects on agriculture and food security as well as human and animal disease transmission (Dwyer-Joyce et al., &lt;s","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-history trade-offs and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster populations adapted to pathogenic bacterial infection","authors":"Aparajita Singh,&nbsp;Aabeer Basu,&nbsp;Tejashwini Hegde,&nbsp;Biswajit Shit,&nbsp;Nitin Bansal,&nbsp;Ankita Chauhan,&nbsp;Nagaraj Guru Prasad","doi":"10.1111/phen.12477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12477","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evolution of increased immune defence is often limited by costs: correlated changes in other traits (viz. life-history traits) that otherwise reduce the fitness of the host organisms. Experimental evolution studies are useful for understanding the evolution of immune function and correlated changes in other traits. We experimentally evolved replicate <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> populations to better survive infection challenges with an entomopathogenic bacteria, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. Within 35 generations of directional selection, selected populations showed a marked increase in post-infection survival than ancestrally paired controls. We next measured various life-history traits of these populations. Our results show that the selected populations do not differ from control populations for larval development time and body weight at eclosion. No difference is also observed in case of fecundity and longevity (following the acute phase of infection), either when the flies were subjected to infection or when the flies were uninfected, although infected flies from all populations die much earlier than uninfected flies. Selected populations are either equally good or occasionally better as the control populations at surviving abiotic stressors (starvation and desiccation), although infected flies from all populations are more susceptible to stress than uninfected flies. Therefore, we conclude that (a) <i>D. melanogaster</i> populations can rapidly evolve to be more immune to infection with <i>E. faecalis</i>, (b) the evolution of increased defence against <i>E. faecalis</i> entails no life-history cost for the hosts and (c) evolving defence against a biotic threat (pathogen) does not make flies more susceptible to abiotic stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"166-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of size on mate selection, fecundity and survival in Culex pipiens mosquitoes","authors":"Susan Villarreal,&nbsp;Amelia Senior,&nbsp;Matthew Price","doi":"10.1111/phen.12479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Culex pipiens</i> L. is a medically important mosquito due to its abundance and ability to transmit West Nile virus. Despite being the focus of many mosquito control strategies, very little is known about its mating behaviour. Several control strategies rely on knowing female mate preferences to ensure their efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize mate selection based on mate quality. Because larger individuals should have more resources available to be used towards mating behaviour, it was hypothesized that larger mates (males or females) would be of higher value and preferentially mated with compared to smaller ones. By manipulating food availability, males and females were reared to be either large or small adults and were mated with either a large or small mate. Through a series of experiments, the effect of size on mate success and post-mating responses was assessed via insemination rates, blood feeding, egg laying, fertility and survival. Despite larger females living longer and being more fecund, males did not preferentially mate with larger females, nor did male size influence female survival or fecundity. Because larval rearing environment had an influence on adult morphology and fitness, it should be taken into consideration in mosquito control programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"204-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overwintering features of Drosophila parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in a temperate region of Japan","authors":"Fumiaki Y. Nomano,&nbsp;Masahito T. Kimura","doi":"10.1111/phen.12478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12478","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Overwintering features of <i>Drosophila</i> parasitoids were studied in a temperate region of Japan, in an outdoor rearing experiment conducted from autumn to spring. Eight taxa, <i>Asobara japonica</i>, <i>A. leveri</i>, <i>A. brevicauda</i>, <i>Leptolamina</i> sp. TK1, <i>Leptopilina tsushimaensis</i>, <i>Leptopilina japonica japonica</i>, <i>Ganaspis lupini</i> and <i>Trichopria drosophilae</i>, were collected in this study. Among them, the first five emerged in spring, suggesting that they overwintered in diapause at the preimaginal stage. In the three <i>Asobara</i> species, however, a number of individuals emerged as adults in autumn and all of them died by mid-winter. We assessed whether the most abundant <i>A. japonica</i> emerging in autumn can leave offspring that survive the winter based on estimates of the lower developmental threshold and effective temperature for larval development, as well as local temperature conditions. The results suggest that the eggs laid after mid-October may not survive the winter and that the emergence of <i>A. japonica</i> after mid-October may not be adaptive. While it has been reported that <i>Leptopilina japonica japonica</i> also enters prepupal diapause, only one individual was collected, and therefore its overwintering features are not apparent in this study. As for the remaining species <i>G. lupini</i> and <i>T. drosophilae</i>, the outdoor rearing and experiment using laboratory strains suggest that they have limited overwintering capacity: the winter survivorship of adults was 14.3% and 4.1%, respectively; no <i>G. lupini</i> and only one individual of <i>T. drosophilae</i> emerged in spring; and both did not enter diapause at the preimaginal stage under short daylength in laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and cuticle organisation in mandibles are related to the task specialisation in leafcutter ants (Atta laevigata, Attini, Formicidae)","authors":"Wencke Krings,&nbsp;Valentin Birkenfeld,&nbsp;Stanislav N. Gorb","doi":"10.1111/phen.12476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leafcutter ants show a high degree of task division among the workers of different castes. For example, the smallest workers, the minims, care for the brood and the symbiotic fungus, whereas the larger mediae cut and transport plant material. This is reflected in the size and morphology of the mandibles, but also in their mechanical properties as mediae possess the hardest and stiffest cuticle and the minims—the softest and most flexible one. This is directly related to the content of the cross-linking transition metal zinc (Zn). The cuticle microstructure, which can be more or less anisotropic depending on the orientation of cuticle layers, is known to determine the resistance to loads and stresses and thus contributes to the biomechanical behaviour of the structure. To study how the mandible tasks are related to the cuticular organisation, we here documented the microstructure of the mandibles from the mediae and the minims by scanning electron microscopy. Afterwards, the mechanical properties (Youngs' modulus, <i>E</i>, and hardness, <i>H</i>) of the exo-, meso- and endocuticle were identified by nanoindentation. Tests were performed along the longitudinal and the circumferential axes of the mandibles. We found, that the minims possess mandibles, which are more isotropic, whereas the mandibles of the mediae are rather anisotropic. This difference was never determined within one species before and is probably linked to the task of the individual ant. To gain insight into the origins of these properties, we characterized the elemental composition of the different cuticle layers along the circumferential axis, revealing that only the exocuticle of the mandible cutting edge contains Zn. All other mechanical property gradients thus must be the result of the chitin fibre bundle architecture or the properties of the protein matrix, which awaits further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"152-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/phen.12476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of short- and long-duration thermal stress on antioxidant enzyme activity in Parthenium beetles","authors":"Priyanka Yadav,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar Patel,&nbsp;Parinita Singh,&nbsp;Sourabh Verma,&nbsp;Ritabrata Chowdhury,&nbsp;Bhupendra Kumar","doi":"10.1111/phen.12475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12475","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insects encounter variable temperature conditions in their natural habitats. Under non-optimal temperatures, they experience thermal stress and oxidative damage, which are mitigated by antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). While short-term effects of thermal stress on antioxidant enzyme activities in insects are well understood, the long-term effects are less explored. We investigated both short-term (3 and 6 h) and long-term (24 h) effects of thermal stress on SOD, CAT and LPO activities in the Parthenium beetle, <i>Zygogramma bicolorata</i> Pallister at cold (15°C), control/optimal (25°C) and hot (35°C) temperatures. Although <i>Z. bicolorata</i> is an effective biocontrol agent for noxious Parthenium weed, no prior study assessed the impact of thermal stress on antioxidant enzyme activities in this beetle. Our results revealed that antioxidant enzymes activities increased above control levels in both larvae and adults when exposed to thermal stress for short durations. Under long-term thermal stress, CAT and LPO activities decreased below control levels, while SOD activity increased. Regardless of temperature conditions, early larval instars exhibited higher enzyme activities compared to later instars. In adults, males showed higher SOD and CAT activities, whereas LPO activity did not differ significantly between sexes. Our findings suggest that short-term thermal stress can stimulate protective enzyme activity in these beetles and help them adapt to suboptimal temperatures. However, prolonged exposure may lead to excessive stimulation, potentially inhibiting protective enzyme activity and causing the beetles to activate alternative pathways to manage thermal stress. Moreover, fourth instars and adult females are the most thermal stress-tolerant stages for Parthenium biocontrol.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of microplastics on the physiology of living organisms on the example of laboratory reared bloodsucking mosquitoes Aedes aegypti L.","authors":"Olga V. Polenogova,&nbsp;Anastasia V. Simakova,&nbsp;Tatyana N. Klementeva,&nbsp;Anna A. Varenitsina,&nbsp;Yulia V. Andreeva,&nbsp;Irina B. Babkina,&nbsp;Yulia A. Frank","doi":"10.1111/phen.12474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12474","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presence of environmental microplastics (MPs) poses a significant threat to terrestrial and aquatic animals, including insects such as blood-sucking mosquitoes. The paper reports on the laboratory study of the effect of three different types of MPs, including fragmented high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), on the viability, innate immune responses, activity of detoxifying enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Linnaeus, 1762). The results showed that dietary administration of microfragments of PP, PS and HDPE at low concentrations (4 mg/L) had no effect on the survival rate of mosquito larvae, but was observed to suppress the larval immune response. The addition of MPs to the diet resulted in a significant suppression of phenoloxidase activity compared to the control. A decrease in the activity of the detoxifying enzymes glutathione-S-transferase and non-specific esterase was observed. Dietary administration of MPs did not cause any significant change in alkaline proteolytic enzyme activity in larvae compared to the control. However, we observed a twofold increase in the activity of acid proteolytic enzymes in all experiments compared to the control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). MDA levels in larval homogenates remained unchanged, while lysozyme-like activity showed a slight decrease compared to the control. The observed processes may be a consequence of intestinal obstruction by MPs, which may cause microtraumas to intestinal tissues and changes in the structure and composition of the microbiota. These changes may have a profound effect on the resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides and pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20081,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Entomology","volume":"50 2","pages":"128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}