Plant disease最新文献

{"title":"Isofetamid Sensitivity and SDHI Cross-Resistance in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> from Strawberry in Shanghai, China.","authors":"Ping Gao, Rong Zeng, Shigang Gao, Zhiwei Song, Wen Wu, Lihui Xu, Fuming Dai","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-08-25-1720-RE","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PDIS-08-25-1720-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isofetamid is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide used to combat gray mold. As a single-site fungicide, it inhibits cellular respiration and offers a novel chemical solution for managing strawberry gray mold in Shanghai. This research evaluated the response of 260 <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> populations to isofetamid collected from strawberry orchards across various districts of Shanghai (2019-2023), examined <i>SdhB</i> gene mutations linked to resistance, and studied cross-resistance relationships among four SDHIs: boscalid, isofetamid, fluopyram, and fluxapyroxad. The results demonstrated that the EC₅₀ values of 183 isolates for isofetamid ranged from 0.001 to 0.33 μg/mL, with a mean value of 0.16 ± 0.01 μg/mL. The frequency distribution of these EC₅₀ values exhibited a unimodal curve, suggesting it can be considered as the baseline sensitivity. From 2019 to 2023, a significant upward trend in resistance frequency to isofetamid was observed. Four distinct <i>SdhB</i> mutations were detected: H272Y/R, N230I, and P225F, at frequencies of 5.38%, 26.15%, 20.0%, and 9.62%, respectively. H272Y isolates showed the highest susceptibility to isofetamid and fluopyram, but were either resistant (R) or highly resistant (HR) to fluxapyroxad and boscalid. The N230I and P225F mutations resulted in R or HR to all tested SDHIs. Additionally, the cross-resistance analysis indicated that mutations conferring resistance to fluopyram also reduced isofetamid efficacy, while mutations conferring resistance to boscalid similarly compromised fluxapyroxad activity against <i>B. cinerea</i>. These results suggest that isofetamid is a highly effective fungicide against <i>B. cinerea</i> in Shanghai, but a significant increase in resistance frequencies occurred year by year. Consequently, adopting strategic fungicide rotations will reduce future selection pressure on existing SDHI-resistant isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Three Cucurbits Crops in Northern China and Its Fast and Accurate Detection through Heat-Labile Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Based LAMP Elucidated with Lateral Flow Dipstick.","authors":"Ning Qiao, Xiao Yang, Zhongjian Bai, Jinqiang Cao, Zuowen Sun, Fuguo Liu, Lianyi Zang, Xiaoan Sun, Yuxing Chen","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1386-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1386-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) poses a significant threat to cucurbit crops, causing severe yield losses. While being well documented in southern China, it has been found recently on melon, cucumber, and smooth luffa crops in Shandong province of northern China for past two years. Field surveys on symptomatic plants further confirmed its widespread occurrence and significant impact on these economically important crops. Whole-genome sequencing of the DNA-A and DNA-B components revealed over 99% sequence homology among the strains isolated from all three hosts. The phylogenetic analysis of sequencing data further confirmed that cucumber and smooth luffa strains clustered most closely with other Chinese ones, whereas the strain isolated from melons exhibited a closer evolutionary relationship to Indian isolates. A set of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers targeting at the conserved regions of DNA-A was designed and an assay by integrating the heat-labile uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed for a rapid and visualized ToLCNDV detection. The optimal reaction conditions consisted of a 5 min incubation at 30°C, followed by an incubation at 62°C for 50 min. The assay was 10-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR with no cross-reactions detected among other cucurbit viruses. Therefore, the UDG-LAMP-LFD assay developed in this study provides a dependable diagnostic tool for the surveillance of ToLCNDV and the early detection of the virus on cucurbit seedlings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detached leaflet assay for palms identifies variable disease resistance to <i>Thielaviopsis</i> species.","authors":"Marie-Gabrielle Ayika, Kamaldeep Bansal, Seemanti Chakrabarti, Avril Rosano, Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao, Sukhwinder Singh, Braham Dhillon","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1577-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1577-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thielaviopsis paradoxa species complex comprises of fungal pathogens that cause both bud (heart) and trunk rot of palms. Thielaviopsis spp. are soilborne pathogens that infects all plant parts, i.e., roots, stem, leaves, and fruits, of primarily monocot hosts including palms, banana, sugarcane, and pineapple. However, very little is known about the T. paradoxa species complex in the US and the palm - Thielaviopsis pathosystem. Our previous analysis showed that the T. paradoxa complex is comprised of at least two species in Florida, T. ethacetica and a novel, undescribed Thielaviopsis species. In order to study the interaction, a detached leaflet assay for palms was established to test the pathogenicity of the species in T. paradoxa complex. Lesion size was measured quantitatively and used to assess pathogenicity of the fungal isolates as well as host response. Wounding the detached leaflets promoted lesion development, and disease symptoms were similar to whole plants. A comparison of the two Thielaviopsis species showed that all T. ethacetica isolates consistently produced larger lesions and were more aggressive than the undescribed Thielaviopsis species in detached leaflet assay on foxtail palms (Wodyetia bifurcata). Subsequently, T. ethacetica was used to screen 262 individuals from 29 species across 17 genera of palms using the detached leaflet assay. Lesion development in individuals from at least five palm species across four genera was significantly different from the negative control suggesting that these palm species maybe susceptible to T. ethacetica. Additionally, variation in lesion development was also observed at varietal level in coconut palms. This detached leaflet assay would facilitate dissection of the Thielaviopsis - palm interaction and as well as accelerate screening of palm germplasm repositories to identify sources of resistance to Thielaviopsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A detached spear screen for purple spot (<i>Stemphyllium vesicarium</i>) on asparagus spears which correlates with natural field infection.","authors":"Suman Parajuli, Mary Ruth McDonald, David Wolyn","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0216-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-25-0216-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An effective screening method for purple spot disease, caused by Stemphylium vesicarium, in asparagus spears is crucial for breeding resistant cultivars. Field evaluations from natural infection are often inconsistent due to environmental variability, and assays using inoculated cut spears have shown unreliable results. The objective of this research was to develop a growth chamber screening method that correlates with field disease severity and can be readily adopted by breeding programs. Intact spears of four asparagus cultivars, 'Gijnlim' (G.J.), 'Guelph Millennium' (G.M.), 'Guelph Eclipse' (G.E.), and 'Jersey Giant' (J.G.), were evaluated for disease severity during natural field infections. Spears were also harvested when field infections were low, wounded, inoculated with conidia of S. vesicarium, placed standing in solutions of 0%, 5%, or 10% sucrose, incubated for seven days under high humidity, and evaluated. Endogenous carbohydrates were also measured in spears without disease for separate field and growth chamber experiments. Under natural infections, G.J. and G.M. had lower disease severity and higher carbohydrate concentrations compared to G.E. and J.G. For cut, inoculated spears in the growth chamber, disease severity correlated with field infections only when spears were incubated with bases standing in 5% or 10% sucrose. Resistant cultivars showed stable carbohydrate levels, while susceptible cultivars exhibited carbohydrate accumulation that was associated with increased disease severity. The growth chamber assay provides a reliable and practical screening method for resistance to purple spot, offering a valuable tool for breeding improved disease resistance in asparagus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of <i>Fusarium</i> Species Associated with Fusarium wilt Disease of Strawberry in Zhejiang Province, China.","authors":"Guo-Fang Zhang, Han Zhang, Jia-Rong Yu, Bi-Zeng Mao, Lan Shen","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-05-25-1007-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-25-1007-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strawberry Fusarium wilt, caused by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. is one of the most devastating diseases threatening the Chinese strawberry industry. In this study, 64 representative <i>Fusarium</i> strains were isolated from diseased crowns and petioles of strawberry plants cultivated in six key production areas across Zhejiang Province, where disease incidence ranged from 30% to 50% from July to December. Morphological characterization, multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity tests identified these strains as three distinct species: <i>Fusarium</i> <i>oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>fragariae</i> (<i>Fof</i>) (48 strains, 75%) in the <i>Fusarium</i> <i>oxysporum</i> species complex (FOSC), <i>Fusarium</i> <i>luffae</i> (9 strains, 14.06%) in the <i>Fusarium</i> <i>incarnatum-equiseti</i> species complex (FIESC), and <i>Fusarium commune</i> (7 strains, 10.94%) in the <i>Fusarium nisikadoi</i> species complex (FNSC). Among these species, <i>Fof</i> was dominant, the fastest colony growth at temperatures above 28 ℃. Pathogenicity tests revealed that <i>Fof</i> isolates resulted in the highest disease severity, followed by <i>F. commune</i>. This study presents the first report of <i>Fof</i> as a causal agent of strawberry Fusarium wilt in Zhejiang, China, and of <i>F. luffae</i> causing Fusarium wilt of strawberry worldwide. The identification and pathogenicity characterization of <i>Fusarium</i> species causing strawberry wilt provides valuable information for the effective management of the disease in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145055051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defense response mechanisms of <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> against <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>.","authors":"Yijing Wang, Miaomiao Lu, Hongna Chen, Hongling Wang, Yingying Jiang, Feifei Li, Shuang Zheng, Jiaqing Wang, Debin Li","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-08-24-1704-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-24-1704-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle is a widely distributed quarantine nematode that causes pine wilt disease, posing serious threats to pine forests worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying pine resistance remains ambiguous. Research was conducted to reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in Pinus koraiensis resistance to B. xylophilus infection. The changes in reactive oxidative species, stress hormones, osmotic regulators, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants, and transcriptomes were monitored. The results showed that after being inoculated with B. xylophilus for 30 days, some needles of P. koraiensis showed external symptoms of chlorosis, wilting, and drooping. B. xylophilus induced a higher level of signal transduction molecules overall, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2-), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA). Besides, B. xylophilus caused a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities from 3 days after inoculation but increased peroxidase (POD) activity at 1, 3, and 30 days after inoculation. Following B. xylophilus infection, we also observed coordinated metabolic changes: significant reduction in soluble sugar (SS) and total phenolic contrasting with pronounced accumulation of proline (Pro) and flavonoids. Furthermore, the results of transcriptome analysis showed that the metabolic pathways in which differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched included flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction. Our findings demonstrated that the metabolic pathways of signaling transduction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, as well as several disease resistance-related genes and substances of P. koraiensis, are induced by B. xylophilus infection, and they collectively contribute to the defense response against nematode infestation. These findings will provide a theoretical basis for the further exploration of the defense mechanisms of host pines against pine wilt disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145055040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pseudocercospora oenotherae</i> causing leaf spot on ornamental <i>Lantana strigocamara</i>: characterization and host resistance.","authors":"Marcus Vinicius Marin, Stephen Parrish, Zhanao Deng, Natalia A Peres","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2435-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-24-2435-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lantana (Lantana strigocamara R.W. Sanders, syn. L. camara L.) is an important ornamental shrub that is widely grown in containers and in landscapes. Recent breeding efforts have focused on reducing its invasiveness and developing infertile cultivars for the ornamental industry while maintaining its desirable characteristics such as resilience to abiotic stresses and low maintenance requirements. During fall and winter 2020, a novel fungal pathogen was isolated and found to be associated with leaf spots on infertile ornamental lantana cultivars in field trials in Florida, USA. The pathogen was found causing leaf spot symptoms, leading to severe defoliation and diminishing ornamental value, worthy of pathogen characterization and evaluation of host resistance. Genetic and morphological analyses coupled with pathogenicity assays identified Pseudocercospora oenotherae as the causal agent of observed symptoms. Cultivar screenings revealed high susceptibility of commercial cultivars Lucky™ Red, Lucky™ Rose, and Landmark™ Gold to this disease and partial resistance (lower disease incidence, severity, and defoliation) in breeding line UF-T48. Further research is required to elucidate the epidemiology of P. oenotherae and its potential reservoirs in surrounding flora. This is the first record worldwide of P. oenotherae on ornamental lantana, which is currently considered a minor problem, but continued surveys will be needed to determine its spread. Integrated disease management strategies, including the development of resistant cultivars and appropriate cultural and chemical controls, will be essential for management if this pathogen becomes a major concern in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Quantification of Pathogenic Binucleate <i>Ceratobasidium</i> sp. AG-K Responsible for Root Coarse Bark Disease (Makou) in <i>Angelica sinensis</i> in Dingxi, China.","authors":"Liu Yang, Tian Yuan, Xia Zhao, Yue Liang, Xiaofan Xie, Qin Zhou, Yun Wang, Yubao Zhang, Qingxia Guan, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Ruoyu Wang","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2644-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-24-2644-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Makou disease is a grave disease in the production of Angelica sinensis, seriously affecting this plant's yield and quality. Its typical symptoms include yellowing and necrotic spots on leaves of infected plants and the belowground are longitudinal brown cracks (depth is about 1-2 mm) in the root epidermis. The symptoms of Makou disease are completely different from root rot disease, and the pathogen responsible has yet to be officially reported and is highly controversial surrounding the existing research. Symptomatic roots and infested soils were collected from eighteen fields, from which 161 fungal isolates were isolated. Through morphological observation, 105 isolates were taxonomically identified by comparing the sequences of their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to those of known species in the NCBI database. Ceratobasidium sp. AG-K was the most abundant species (61.0%), followed by Fusarium spp. (31.4%) and Plectosphaerella cucumerina (5.7%). Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of ITS of those isolates showed that those belonging to the same species were clearly separated in the derived dendrogram. Two representative isolates R2 and P3 were selected for pathogenicity test. Pathogenicity testing revealed Ceratobasidium sp. AG-K was the pathogenic fungus causing Makou disease in A. sinensis seedlings. Additionally, a strain of Bacillus sp. with inhibitory activity against Ceratobasidium sp. AG-K was identified in vitro. The RT-qPCR results showed that the abundance of Ceratobasidium sp. AG-K in the rhizosphere soil of seedlings inoculated with this pathogen reached 10 times that of the control group. Understanding the influence of Ceratobasidium sp. AG-K upon the occurrence and severity of Angelica Makou disease outbreaks will provide key information for devising prevention and control strategies. Furthermore, the detection method we developed can provide future guidance and a sound basis for studying the pathogen's dynamics in the rhizosphere of A. sinensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual function of itaconic acid from <i>Trichoderma citrinoviride</i> against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>.","authors":"Qiyi Zhu, Shuang Ling Zhao, Taolue Chen, Haiyan Fan, Yuanyuan Wang, Xiaoyu Liu, Ning Yang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Yuxi Duan, Di Zhao, Lijie Chen","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0458-RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-25-0458-RE","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause catastrophic yield losses in global agriculture. This study identified itaconic acid (IA), through comparative metabolomic analysis (the study of small molecules in biological systems), as a key virulence-related metabolite produced by the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride Snef1910. In vitro assays demonstrated potent nematicidal activity of IA, with an LC₅₀ of 243.4 mg/L against J2s of M. incognita and 78.4% egg-hatching inhibition at 800 mg/L, performance that is comparable to the structural analog trans-aconitic acid (TAA). Pot and greenhouse field trials demonstrated that IA has a significant impact against M. incognita, while enhancing tomato growth. Seed priming with IA compensated for the damage of nematodes to the photosynthetic pigments and activated systemic resistance of tomatoes, treatment with 100 mg/L IA enhancing catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, while concurrently inhibiting H₂O₂/MDA accumulation. Crucially, IA production by T. citrinoviride positions this strain as a self-fertilizing organism for production of a nematicide with plant-growth-promoting properties. This study highlights the dual functionality of IA in nematode management, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quantitative PCR-based assay for the species-specific detection of <i>Caliciopsis pinea</i>, causal agent of caliciopsis canker disease of <i>Pinus strobus</i>.","authors":"Rebecca Harkness, Adam Grove, Laura Avila Miles, Timothy D Miles","doi":"10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1152-SR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1152-SR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caliciopsis pinea is the ascomycete plant pathogen that causes caliciopsis canker disease on North American Pinus strobus (eastern white pine). Infections result in downgrading of lumber due to canker formation and overall loss of vigor in P. strobus, which is a critical cover species throughout its native range. C. pinea is challenging to distinguish from closely related species (some of which can coinfect P. strobus) based on macroscopic and microscopic observations alone. C. pinea and other Caliciopsis species that infect conifers all have sign development that is indistinguishable to the naked eye and often indistinguishable using microscopy and exhaustive measurement. Additionally, symptoms may develop on a host without fruiting bodies, making molecular techniques necessary for detection and diagnosis. Improved sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic and detection tools are critical for the early identification of and response to C. pinea infections. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection, diagnosis, and quantification of C. pinea from infected plant material. This assay targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of C. pinea, and specificity was confirmed on a panel of 51 target and nontarget isolates from throughout the P. strobus native range. The limit of detection for the assay was determined to be 10 fg of C. pinea DNA. The technology was transferred out to be tested in another lab, as well as another thermocycling platform to ensure reproducibility of results. This study reports the most sensitive and specific assay for C. pinea detection for our current understanding of species diversity within the genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20063,"journal":{"name":"Plant disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}