Pharmaciana最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of pharmacy delivery services in the era of digital and pandemic Covid-19","authors":"Dewi Gulyla Hari, Yasinda Oktariza, A. Rahmawati","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v12i1.20127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v12i1.20127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43653211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification SNP rs5219 KCNJ11 gene and blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Moewardi Hospital Surakarta","authors":"Nurul Aida, R. Maliza, I. N. Faridah, Melinda Widianingrum, D. Perwitasari","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.19105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.19105","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that developed due to the pancreas does not sufficient to produce insulin or the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Genetic factors have an essential role in the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2), which impaired insulin production by pancreatic β cells, insulin resistance, and action. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the KCNJ11 rs5219 affected the pancreatic β cell activity that can inhibit insulin release, thus causing a decrease in therapeutic effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to identify the SNP rs5219 of the KCNJ11 gene and measure patient blood sugar levels as the outcome of therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively at Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, involving 10 patients with DMT2 who received sulfonylureas therapy. DNA was isolated from the whole blood sample of DMT2 patients. PCR amplification was performed to amplify the KCNJ11 gene, and followed by PCR sequencing. The 2-H PP, FPG, and HbA1c parameters were measured as therapeutic outcomes. The results showed that the genotype frequencies (AA-AG-GG) were 10%, 50%, and 40%, while the allele frequency (A-G) in the sample was 35% and 65%. The uncontrolled values for 2H-PP on genotype (AA and AG + GG) were 10% and 20%; uncontrolled FPG on genotypes AA and AG + GG were 10% and 40%; and uncontrolled HbA1c on genotype AA and AG + GG were 10% and 80%. This study conclusion is the presence of the SNP rs5219 KCNJ11 gene with A>G base change in DMT2 patients who received sulfonylurea therapy.","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49111023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial compound from Euchema spinosum originated from Tasikmalaya West Java against pathogen bacteria with TLC-bioautography","authors":"I. Maulana, R. Safira, Inge Aprianti, Livia Syafnir, Reza Abdul Kodir","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.18144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.18144","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcus mutans (Gram-positive) and Shigella dysenteriae (Gram-negative) are two types of pathogen bacteria. The use of synthetic antibiotics against both bacteria is known to impact the bacteria's resistance. E. spinosum from Tasikmalaya is a potential macroalgae as a source of an antibacterial compound for both bacteria. The research aims to determine the antibacterial metabolite compound from E. spinosum originated from Tasikmalaya against S. mutans and S. dysenteriae . The research was conducted through several stages, starting from phytochemical screening, gradual maceration using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, determination of antibacterial activity, and TLC-bioautography. Phytochemical screening showed that both raw material and extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. The result showed that hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract could inhibit the growth of S. dysenteriae starting from a concentration of 400 µg/mL. However, only ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the growth of S. mutans, starting from a concentration of 20 µg/mL. The chromatogram of the hexane extract showed the presence of 6 spots, ethyl acetate extract showed 5, and the methanol extract showed only 4, resulted from the elution system, respectively. The TLC-bioautography against S. dysenteriae showed that there was the presence of three clear zones on the ethyl acetate extract, detected as flavonoid, and three clear zones on the methanol extract. The TLC-bioautography against S. mutans showed one clear zone on the chromatogram of ethyl acetate extract. According to the AlCl 3 spray reagent confirmation test, the active compound was the flavonoid group.","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45892921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulations of liposomal vaccine containing AdhO36 antigen and β-glucan as immunoadjuvant","authors":"Hidajah Rachmawati, R. Nugraheni, F. A. N. Sumadi, H. Yusuf","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.19264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.19264","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are the most crucial host of Salmonella typhi as it has limited ability to reproduce outside the human body. S. typhi infections caused typhoid fever which can be prevented with vaccines. This study aims to develop an effective typhoid fever oral vaccine using a liposomal delivery system. Several studies showed that the immunization of AdhO36 protein from S. typhi orally provides significant protection in inhibiting the S. typhi to the mice intestine. β-Glucan is a potent immunostimulant for macrophages activations. Meanwhile, the method used to produce Liposome formulations was using thin-film hydration. The liposomal products had good characteristics based on their particle size. The particle size results met the requirement for optimum intestinal absorption 399.220+28.095 nm Liposome+AdhO36 and 383.360+8.594 nm Liposome+β-glucan. Based on the zeta potential measurement, the electrical charges of the three formulations were positive, meaning that the liposome is cationic because of the DDAB (dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide) component. The positive charge will facilitate the internalization of antigen to the immunity cells. …","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44671342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of spray-drying temperature on Centella asiatica extract-β cyclodextrin-maltodextrin nanoparticle characteristics and stability","authors":"Aditya Trias Pradana, Roisah Nawatila, F. Alkindi, Ni Putu Resa Darmayani, Eka Desi Susanti","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.21534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.21534","url":null,"abstract":"Centella asiatica extract has low solubility in water. Material modification needs to be conducted to increase the dissolution rate of Centella asiatica extract. The particle size reduction to nano-size was carried out to increase surface contact with aqueous media. High surface contact was expected to increase the solubility and absorption rate. Nanoparticles were prepared with 34% maltodextrin and 6% β-cyclodextrin as a stabilizer and dried by a spray-drying method. High temperature in the spray drying process can affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, so the inlet temperature in this study was observed as parameter variations, on 140 o C, 150 o C, and 160 o C. The formed nanoparticles then being tested on several parameters, including physical appearance, moisture content, particle size, shape, and morphology. The chemical stability of the active ingredients during the drying process was assessed from the pH value changes and the content of quercetin as an antioxidant post drying process, compared to the initial content. The test results show that the nanoparticles have been formed. The inlet temperature of 160 o C produced the most physically optimum spherical nanoparticles, with a particle size of 191.533 ± 18.791 nm and relatively homogeneous with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.113 ± 0.057. However, temperatures that are too high indicate poor chemical stability. The poor chemical stability can be seen from the quercetin content that decreased significantly after the drying process, until the remaining 53.87 ± 0.55% and 49.52 ± 0.97% for temperatures of 140 o C and 160 o C, respectively. These results indicate that the combination of β-cyclodextrin and maltodextrin can not encapsulate and maintain the stability of the active ingredients during the spray drying process. A significant reduction of inlet temperature is needed to get dry nanoparticles with the most optimum physical mixture and chemical stability.","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48522847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 5 year retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions associated with antimicrobials in a teaching hospital of Andaman and Nicobar islands","authors":"Mangesh Bankar, P. Hotha, Nimisha Elezebeth Zachariah","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20866","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobials are used widely especially in developing countries, due to the high prevalence of various infectious diseases. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials are associated with adverse drug reactions. The present study was done to analyze the patterns of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) due to antimicrobials reported to Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centre (AMC) during the last five years. This was a 5 year retrospective and cross-sectional study. After collecting demographic details of patients, ADR forms, and ADR associated with the antimicrobial class of drugs, data were analyzed for further details. A total of 877 ADRs, 360 ADRs belonged to the antimicrobial group. When data was analyzed data, it revealed that the majority of ADRs (73.05%) were reported in the adult group, 75.27% of reactions belonged to A category, Ceftriaxone (17.2%) was the most common drug-associated with ADRs, majority of ADRs were related to skin (56.66%), rash (27.5%) was the most common ADR encountered with antimicrobial use, 73.61% reactions were non-serious, 69.44% of ADRs recovered, and 77.77% of ADRs were probable category. Ceftriaxone was responsible for the maximum number of ADRs. The study results provide information regarding the pattern of ADRs associated with antimicrobials, and this might be helpful for improving the awareness of healthcare providers about PvPI and subsequently increase the spontaneous reporting of ADRs.","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44307026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus juice combination on the ethanol-induced gastric of mice","authors":"Reza Pertiwi, Aanisah Hanuun, Noval Kurniawati, Petri Siti Khodijah, D. Lestari, D. Fitriani, Doni Notriawan","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20104","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric ulcers can be caused by active inflammation due to impaired mucosal integrity, which causes local or widespread lesions. Gastric ulcers can occur due to the use of ethanol, which has a local effect on the gastric. Therefore, the continuous consumption of ethanol can damage gastric cells. Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus contain flavonoids, which are well-known to reduce stomach acid as a curative agent. The objective of this study is to see the effect of Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus juice as a preventive agent on alcohol-induced gastric ulcers in mice ( Mus musculus ). A combination of Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus was given at a dose of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kgBW. Specifically, Raphanus sativus was given at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, Pachyrhizus erosus at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, and positive control was included using sucralfate. The treatment was carried out for 12 days, and 1 hour after the last day of treatment, 20 ml/kgBW of ethanol induction was given 24 hours after the animals were dissected. The results showed that the index value of gastric ulcers in the normal group, negative control, and the combination of Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus juice given orally at a dose of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kgBW ( Raphanus sativus at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, Pachyrhizus erosus at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, and sucralfate as positive control) were 0; 4.00; 1.00; 1.33; 2.33; 2.67; 0 and 2.00. The results of the histopathological analysis also showed improvement in the gastric of mice fed with Pachyrhizus erosus juice. Therefore, it is inferred that treatment using Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus juice can reduce the number of ulcers, increase ratio protection, and repair the cells in gastric histopathology . Additionally, giving a single dose of Pachyrhizus erosus juice results in a more significant gastric improvement. Description: Hyperemia is a condition of dilated blood vessels with an excessive filling of blood granules. Erosion is the release of superficial mucosal epithelium. Hemorrhage (bleeding) is blood droplets leaving the blood vessels and scattered between the tissues. Petechiae are bleeding spots with the size of 0.1-0.2 cm. Ecchymoses are bleeding spots with the size of 0.2-3.0 cm. Purpura is a bleeding spot with the size of > 3 cm (Szabo et al., 1985)","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46252263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated stability test of snakehead fish and kelulut honey ointment with CMC-Na as a binder","authors":"Wintari Taurina, Mohamad Andrie, Nur Firdiena Titian Ratu","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20628","url":null,"abstract":"The extract of snakehead fish ( Channa striata ) and kelulut honey ( Heterotrigona itama ) ointment was proven to have activity in wound healing. However, previous studies showed instability in the ointment as indicated by the occurrence of phase separation. This study used CMC-Na (Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium) with a concentration of 3% (F1), 4.5% (F2), and 6% (F3) as a binder. The stabilizer was added to increase the stability of the ointment preparation by binding to the aqueous phase and preventing it from leaving the ointment base. The test was carried out with the accelerated stability method at a temperature of 40° ± 2° C and a humidity of 75% ± 5% for 28 days. The evaluation includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and protection power. The results showed that CMC-Na increased the stability of the ointment. The data obtained show that the higher the CMC-Na concentration used, the higher the consistency and adhesion were, but the lower the spreadability of the preparation. The results of the average spreadability and adhesion power for formulation 1 were 5.09 cm and 1797.33 seconds, formulation 2 were 4.42 cm and 1798.33 seconds, and formulation 3 were 3.69 cm and 1799 seconds. The results of the One-Way ANOVA showed that all formulations experienced a significant decrease in adhesion and increase in spreadability during 28 days of storage. The best ointment that meets the physical stability criteria is shown by the CMC-Na 3% (F1) formulation, with a soft texture, homogeneous, a good spreadability (5-7 cm), a good adhesion (more than 4 seconds), and a good protective power for 28 days of testing.","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49230747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incision wound healing activity of free-range chicken (Gallus domesticus) egg white gel in mice","authors":"W. Widyaningsih, S. Yuliani, Ayu Wulandari, R. Salsabila","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20531","url":null,"abstract":"Egg whites reportedly exhibit wound healing activities by forming new cell tissues and accelerating damaged cell tissue recovery. This study aimed to determine whether and how egg whites prepared in gel dosage forms healed incision wounds in mice (Mus musculus). The method began with formulating gels by mixing egg whites with Carbopol 940, methylparaben, propylparaben, propylene glycol, triethanolamine, and distilled water. Sixteen mice were divided evenly into four groups, and each was subjected to a 1 cm long midline dorsal incision. Group I was given 10% povidone-iodine ointment, group II was gel base, group III was 10% egg white gel, and group IV was 20% egg white gel. Based on the test parameters measured during macroscopic observation, namely wound length and healing time, the gel preparations were found to fulfill the physical properties requirements, and incision wounds treated with 10% and 20% egg white gels healed in 9 and 12.5 days, respectively. The statistical test revealed a significant difference in wound size on Day 10 and in healing time between wound treatments with 10% gel and base gel (p < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the 10% egg white gel is effective in healing cuts in mice as it speeds wound healing and decreases wound size.","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44442683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition of carbopol 940 and HPMC affects antibacterial activity of beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.)) leaves extract gel","authors":"N. Sulistyani, Fitra Alvionida, N. Sugihartini","doi":"10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i3.20017","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is a country known for its source of biological wealth, one of which is beluntas leaves. Beluntas leaves have the potential to be an antibacterial, so it is appropriate to be formulated in the form of medicinal preparations, especially gels. This study aims to find out the influence of variations between carbopol gel base 940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the physical properties of gel preparations beluntas leaf extract ( Pluchea indica (L.), and know the influence of gel of extract of beluntas leaves on antibacterial activity. The extract is obtained by the maceration method using ethanol solvent 96%. Each formula uses 15% of the extract of beluntas leaves. Gels are made in four gel base variations namely F0 (0.5% carbopol, 1% HPMC), FI (1% carbopol, 1.5% HPMC), FII (1.5% carbopol, 2.5% HPMC), and FIII (2% carbopol, 3% HPMC). Gels evaluated for their physical properties include organoleptic, viscosity, pH, homogeneity, scattering power, adhesion and Freeze-thaw cycling . Then the gel tested antibacterial activity against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by cup-plate diffusion method . The data obtained were analyzed with One Way Anova and LSD with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that beluntas leaf extract gel meets the organoleptic requirements, homogeneity, good gel adhesion (> 4sec), good gel viscosity (2000-50.000 cps), and good gel pH (4.5-6.5). However, the gel does not meet the requirements of good scattering power (5-7 cm) and Freeze-thaw cycling. Based on the test results that have been done with some of the parameters above, The best composition of carbopol 940 and HPMC in the beluntas leaf extract gel which has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 1% carbopol and 1.5% HPMC. The antibacterial activity of the formula is categorized as strong.","PeriodicalId":20051,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaciana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44756827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}