Pharmacology & Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF NITROFURAN DERIVATIVE: COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGY OF EFFERVESCENT TABLETS WITH SOLID DISPERSIONS","authors":"A. Elagina, A. Belyatskaya, I. I. Krasnyuk (jr.), I. Krasnyuk, O. I. Stepanova, T. V. Fateeva, E. Smolyarchuk, S. V. Kozin, O. Plakhotnaya, O. V. Rаstopchina, J. Rau","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-55-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-55-68","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account the current Product specification file, the aim of the work was to develop the composition and technology for obtaining effervescent tablets based on solid dispersions of furazolidone in the form of an aqueous solution for external use.Materials and methods. The used substances were: furazolidone, anhydrous sodium carbonate (chemically pure), polyvinylpyrrolidone-24000±2000 (chemically pure), malic acid (analytically pure), tartaric acid (chemically pure), citric acid (chemically pure), sodium benzoate (chemically pure), ethyl alcohol 96% (chemically pure), purified water. Preparation of granulates is separate wet granulation in a fluidized bed (Mycrolab, BOSCH, Germany). Obtaining tablets is the process of pressing on a manual hydraulic test press (“PRG”, VNIR, Russia). The dependence of disintegration, abrasion capacity and crushing resistance on compacting pressure was investigated. Technological parameters of granulates, еру obtained effervescent tablets, shelf life and storage conditions were investigated according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIVth ed.Results. Two compositions of effervescent tablets containing solid dispersions of furazolidone as an active substance were obtained, which, when dissolved in 100 ml of water at room temperature (20°C), form a solution of furazolidone with a concentration of 0.004% in less than 5 minutes. The method of quantitative determination of the furazolidone content in the effervescent tablets was validated. A complex of physicochemical methods for the analysis of tablets was carried out. Quality standards have been developed. The developed compositions stability of instant tablets during storage during accelerated and long-term tests has been experimentally confirmed. The preliminary shelf life and storage conditions have been determined.Conclusion. The result of technological and chemical-pharmaceutical research is the creation and evaluation of the quality of a new instant furazolidone dosage form as effervescent tablet formulations.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86398361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF FLAVONOID CONTENT IN JUGLANS NIGRA L. BARKS PREPARATIONS","authors":"V. Kurkin, N. I. Zimenkina","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-31-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-31-43","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is the development of quantification procedures of flavonoids in Juglans nigra L. barks preparations using modern instrumental analytical techniques (spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography).Materials and methods. The subjects of research were tincture and dry extract of Juglans nigra L. bark, the samples of which were prepared in March and April 2020 in the Botanical Garden of Samara State Medical University (Samara); the standard samples (SS) of myricitrin, myricetin. The registration of the electronic spectra was carried out with a spectrophotometer «Specord 40» (Analytik Jena, Germany). The chromatographic analysis was carried out by the method of reversed-phase HPLC on a microcolumn liquid chromatograph “Milichrom-6” (NPAO “Nauchpribor”, Russia).Results. Using differential spectrophotometry, methods for the quantitative determination of the total amount of flavonoids in terms of myricitrin in the tincture and dry extract of Juglans nigra L. bark, has been developed. It has been determined that the content of the total amount of flavonoids in terms of myricitrin in the tincture and dry extract of Juglans nigra L., is 0.84±0.07% and 12.38±0.24%, respectively. The error of a single determination of the total amount of flavonoids in terms of myricitrin in the tincture and dry extract of Juglans nigra L. bark with a confidence probability of 95%, is ± 8.91% and ± 2.10%, respectively. Methods for the quantitative determination of myricitrin in the tincture and dry extract of Juglans nigra L. bark by HPLC has been developed. The content of the dominant flavonoid – myricitrin (myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside) – in the tincture and dry extract of Juglans nigra L., was 0.42±0.06% and 8.45±0.24%, respectively. The error of the single determination of myricitrin in the tincture and dry extract of Juglans nigra L. with a confidence probability of 95% is ± 15.04% and ±2.96%, respectively.Conclusion. The developed methods for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in the preparations of Juglans nigra L. barks L. can be used in solving the problems of standardization of Juglans nigra L. preparations.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84675172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE ANOVA AND GENERALIZED DESIRABILITY TO OPTIMIZE THE COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGY OF TABLETS CONTAINING N-BENZYL-N-METHYL-1-PHENYLPYRROLO [1,2-A] PYRAZINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE","authors":"S. Tishkov, E. Blynskaya, K. Alekseev, V. Alekseev, D. I. Gavrilov","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-69-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-69-81","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of drugs with an anxiolytic activity, which do not have the main side effects characteristic of drugs of this group, is an important and socially significant task. For its implementation, within the framework of the development of an original drug with an anxiolytic activity, the composition and manufacturing of GML-1 tablets (N-benzyl-N-methyl-1-phenylpyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-3-carboxamide) are being developed.The aim of this article is to study, using a four-factor analysis of variance, the influence of composition factors on the manufacturing properties of GML-1 tablets and the selection of the type, the amount, stage of the disintegrant addition and the type of lubricating excipients used in the technology of wet granulation of GML-1 tablets.Materials and methods. The materials used are: the substance – GML-1 (N-benzyl-N-methyl-1-phenylpyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-3-carboxamide). Excipients: microcrystalline cellulose 101 (MCC 101); polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium (CCS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG); magnesium stearate (MS), sodium stearyl fumarate (SSF). To obtain tablet mixtures, wet granulation and tableting with the study of their main pharmaceutical and technological properties was used.Results. Model compositions were developed and their pharmaceutical and technological properties were studied. These results have been analyzed, the degree of these factors’ influence and their interactions have been determined. In most of the cases considered, the interactions of the factors did not cause a significant change in the optimization criteria. With an increase in the amount of a disintegrant, the disintegration time decreased unevenly, so an increase in the amount of these excipients from 4 to 6 mg had a stronger effect than from 2 to 4 mg. Factor B affected the release degree non-linearly. Factor A influenced all the optimization criteria considered, especially a PS release. The best release and disintegration were observed with crospovidone, which was of a particular importance when processing the test results using a generalized desirability method.Conclusion. In view of the conflicting variance analysis results, for particular factors, the resulting values were additionally analyzed using the generalized desirability function. The use of this method made it possible to reduce the conflicting variance analysis results to the most optimal composition.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73511293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHARMACOTHERAPY POSSIBILITIES OF CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMOUS NEUROPATHY IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS AT THE PRECLINICAL STAGE","authors":"N. Malyuzhinskaya, I. Shishimorov, O. Magnitskaya, K. V. Stepanenko, O. V. Polyakova, G. Klitochenko, I. V. Petrova, S. A. Emelyanova, A. Skiba","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-93-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-93-103","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the thioctic acid preparation in the complex therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy at the preclinical stage.Materials and methods. A design is a prospective randomized study. A clinical and instrumental examination of 64 children with preclinical stage signs of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) was carried out. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: in the main and control groups, glycemic control was normalized by adjusting a dose of insulin therapy; in the main group, the children additionally received thioctic acid at the dose of 600 mg/day for 3 months. To control the effectiveness of the therapy, the technique of laser Doppler flowmetry was used.Results. After the pharmacological intervention, there was an improvement in the disease course, normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increased vasomotor mechanisms of the regulation of the tissue blood flow due to an increase in endothelial and neurogenic kinds of activity in combination with a decrease in the intravascular tone and an increase in the effective perfusion in tissues. An increase in the heart rate variability was detected, positive dynamics of cardiovascular tests indicators according to D. Ewing, temporal (pNN50%, SDNN) and spectral indicators (VLF) were diagnosed. Achievement and maintenance of the target values of glycemic control indicators, as well as the absence of glycemic variability, turned out to be clinically significant for reducing the manifestations of neuropathy. The non-invasive technique of laser Doppler flowmetry is informative for the early diagnosis of DCAN in T1DM children.Conclusion. The carried out studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the lipoic acid use at the dose of 600 mg/day for 3 months in the children with DCAN signs at the preclinical stage. The method of laser Doppler flowmetry for determining indications and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy makes it possible to implement a personalized approach to prescribing preventive treatment in T1DM children.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84616704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF ORGANIC ACIDS PROFILE OF GENUS PERSICARIA MILL SPECIES","authors":"A. S. Chistyakova, A. Gudkova, A. Slivkin, E. Chupandina","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-44-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-44-54","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Persicaria Mill. species belonging to the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae Juss.) and widespread in Russia, are weeds. The chemical composition’s main components of the genus Persicaria Mill. species, are flavonoid glycosides (rutin, avicularin, hyperoside, etc.). The data concerning a comparative study of the organic acids in the herb representatives of genus Persicaria Mill., have not been detected in the available literature.The aim of the research is a comparative study of the organic acids qualitative and quantitative composition in the genus Persicaria Mill. species growing in the Voronezh region.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were dried herb samples of the genus Persicaria Mill. species. All the species were harvested in the Voronezh region during the blooming period. The quantitative content of ascorbic acid and the amount of organic acids in terms of malic (hydroxy-succinic) acid was carried out according to the titrimetric methods of the Russian Federation State Pharmacopeia, the XIVth ed. The study of the qualitative composition of the organic acids profile and their quantitative content assessment in the studied objects, the herbs, was carried out by the method of capillary electrophoresis (“Kapel”, St. Petersburg, Russia).Results. With the help of pharmacopoeial titrimetric methods, it was established that the highest content of the organic acids total amount is characteristic of the Persicaria maculosa Mill. herb (5,60%), the lowest one – of the Persicaria tomentósa (Schrank) E. P. Bicknell herb (4.03%). Persicaria maculosa S. F. Gray and Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre are the richest in ascorbic acid (0.17% and 0.15%, respectively). Using the method of capillary electrophoresis, the composition of the total amount of the studied organic acids has been established. It is represented by oxalic, formic, citric, malic, wine, propionic, lactic, benzoic and other acids.Conclusion. The study of the organic acids of the genus Persicaria Mill. species has been carried out. It has been established that in the studied species, the organic acids total amount in terms of malic acid and the amount of ascorbic acid are similar. By the method of capillary electrophoresis, a complete composition of organic acids has been studied, and the quantitative content of each component has been established. In all the studied Persicaria Mill. species, the predominance of oxalic, formic and malic acids has been revealed.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84795481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OBESITY AS A REFLECTION OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL DISORDERS: FOCUS ON PHARMACOTHERAPY","authors":"V. Shishkova","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-19-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-19-30","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a vivid example of a multifactorial disease. In its development, not only the discrepancy between the energy intake and its expenditure but also various neurohumoral mechanisms, as well as external socio-economic and psychosocial factors, play important roles. One of the frequent options for combining psychoemotional disorders with obesity is the development of certain types of eating disorders in a patient. In this regard, the actual problem is to find the optimal therapeutic and prophylactic strategy in the management of such patients.The aim of the work is to analyze the literature data on the features of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the obesity development against the background of psychoemotional disorders that are realized through eating disorders, and to identify the possibilities of using sibutramine to carry out a pharmacological correction of these pathological conditions.Materials and methods. In the process of selecting materials for writing a review article, the following databases were uses: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, etc. The search carried out, was based on the publications for the period from 2009 to 2020. The following words and phrases were chosen as parameters for the literature selection: obesity, psycho-emotional disorders, eating disorders, sibutramine.Results. This review summarizes the main pathogenetic aspects that unite both the development of psychoemotional and metabolic disorders. A modern classification of obesity, taking into account the latest domestic and international recommendations of professional communities, is given. Eating disorders are considered in detail, their socio-psychological and psychiatric classifications are given. The prospect of choosing a therapeutic and prophylactic strategy for managing such patients is assessed, depending on the presence of psycho-emotional and eating disorders.Conclusion. Thus, the combined drug containing sibutramine and metformin registered in the Russian Federation is effective, safe and can be used in patients with alimentary obesity and eating disorders, taking into account contraindications.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77642462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM PLANTS OF COSMOS BIPINNATUS CAV. SPECIES","authors":"E. O. Kulichenko, O. Andreeva, E. Sergeeva, S. S. Sigareva, A. Terekhov, E. Oganesyan, S. Y. Sidorskaya","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-82-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-82-92","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to determine antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities of the extracts from Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. three varieties, obtained by the extraction with 70% ethyl alcohol.Materials and methods. The antioxidant effect was studied in vitro using a model of iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the lecithin liposome system. The study of the anti-inflammatory activity was carried out on 30 male rats of the “Wistar” line. Diclofenac was used as a reference drug (p. o., the dose of 13 mg/kg in terms of the weight of an adult). The substances were administered to animals in the form of an aqueous suspension stabilized with Tween-80. To simulate the inflammatory process, a model of “cotton granuloma” was created. A hypolipidemic activity of the extracts was studied on 36 white male rats of the “Wistar” line. To study the hypolipidemic activity of the studied extracts, a tween model was used to create a hyperlipidemic state in rats, the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides was determined in the serum of the experimental animals.Results. The conducted model experiments made it possible to conclude that the alcohol extracts obtained from the dried inflorescences of the “Dazzler”, “Rosea” and “Purity” varieties of Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic kinds of activities. It has been established that the extracts from the “Dazzler” and “Rosea” varieties (Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) contribute to a better reduction in the accumulation of peroxide compounds, compared to the extract obtained from the “Purity” variety. The data analysis on the anti-inflammatory activity shows that all the studied objects significantly (p = 0.05) reduce the stage of exudation compared with the control group animals by 50% (the «Purity» variety), by 52% (the «Rosea» variety) and by 40% (the “Dazzler” variety).An experiment on the study of a hypolipidemic activity in the control group of the animals revealed a significant, in relation to the values of the intact group, increase in the cholesterol level of the blood serum by 78%, and in the level of triglycerides (TGCs) – by 64%.The administration of the extracts obtained from Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. “Purity”, “Rosea”, “Dazzler” varieties to the animals, led to a decrease in cholesterol in blood serum by 44%, 47%, 50%, and triglycerides by 52%, 52% and 57%, respectively. Both indicators reached the normal level and did not differ significantly from the values in healthy (intact) animals.Conclusion. According to the conducted studies, it can be concluded that alcohol extracts obtained from Cоsmos bipinnatus Cav., have pronounced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic kinds of effect.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87211820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF ABCB1-PROTEIN INHIBITION PROSPECTIVENESS IN HEMATOENCEPHALIC BARRIER AS METHOD FOR INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA","authors":"I. V. Chernykh, A. Shchulkin, M. V. Gatsanoga, E. Yakusheva","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-1-104-112","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to evaluate the ABCB1 protein inhibition in the blood-brain barrier to increase the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapy for focal and global cerebral ischemia.Materials and methods. The work was performed on 103 male Wistar rats. In the 1st group (n=33), the neuroprotective activity of the ABCB1 protein substrate, nimodipine (0.4 mg/kg), was analyzed in terms of reducing the area of the brain necrosis after a 1-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with a 24-hour reperfusion (focal ischemia). In the 2nd group (n=60), the effectiveness of nimodipine was analyzed by reducing the lethality of rats and the neurological deficit (ND) level against the background of the bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (global ischemia). In both groups, nimodipine was used alone or in the combination with omeprazole, the ABCB1 protein inhibitor (17.6 mg/kg). The drugs were administered intravenously.Results. The nimodipine administration to the 1st group led to the reduction of the necrosis focus by 28% compared with the control series. Omeprazole did not cause a change in the area of the necrosis. The combination of drugs caused a decrease in the area of the necrosis in relation to the control by 29%; there were no differences in comparison with the nimodipine series. Nimodipine reduced the rats’ lethality in the 2nd group against the background of the pathology (a tendency). Omeprazole alone did not change the mortality. The drug combination reduced the mortality compared to the control and nimodipine series. The administration of omeprazole alone did not reduce the neurological deficit score relative to the control. In the nimodipine series, ND was 88% lower than the control, after 24 hours. With the administration of the drugs combination, this indicator decreased in relation to the control by 88%, 80%, 88%, 87% and 86% after 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively, and in relation to the nimodipine series it decreased by 60% and 67% after 4 and 48 hours.Conclusion. The ABCB1 protein inhibition is promising for increasing the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapy for global ischemia, but not for focal cerebral ischemia.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83963457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of Sirtuin1 Activity in SH-SY5Y Cells by Cyanidin-3-O-Glucocide Induced","authors":"K. Yama, Yoshiki Hasebe, Ayuka Inomata, J. Miura, A. Konda","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.132003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.132003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extracts against Escherichia coli","authors":"C. Hikaambo, Luyando Kaacha, Steward Mudenda, Mutenta N Nyambe, Billy Chabalenge, M. Phiri, Luke Biete, T. M. Akapelwa, W. Mufwambi, Martha Chulu, M. Kampamba","doi":"10.4236/pp.2022.131001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2022.131001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traditional medicine has employed Azadirachta indica to treat a variety of ailments. However, there is little information on the use of this plant in Zambia. Objective: To evaluate the phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts against Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: This was a laboratory-based experimental study in which ethanol and water were used for extraction by maceration. Phytochemical analysis was then done on the leaf extract. Using the disc diffusion method, varying concentrations of A. indica aqueous and ethanolic extracts were used to test the antibacterial activity of A. indica against Escherichia coli. The sensitivity of the tested microorganisms to aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts was shown by zones of inhibition after incubation. Results: The phytochemical screening of the A. indica leaves revealed the presence of phenolics and tannins in both the ethanol and aqueous extract. Saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids were only present in the aqueous extract. While steroids were only present in the ethanol extract. The antibacterial activity of A. indica leaves extract was determined by zones of inhibition which showed that both aqueous and ethanol extracts had activity against E. coli. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined at 10 mg/mL for the aqueous extract and 20 mg/mL for the ethanol extract. The zones of inhibition in-creased with concentration. Conclusion: The extracts of A. indica displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli in a dose-dependent manner. Compara-tively, the aqueous extract produced better antibacterial properties against E. coli than the ethanolic extract.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78187277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}