Pharmacology & Pharmacy最新文献_第10页

Additive Efficiency of Fipronil + Methoprene Compared to Fipronil Alone against Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks in Naturally Infested Dogs 氟虫腈+甲氧丁二烯与单独使用氟虫腈对自然感染犬血根头蜱加用效果比较

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.118016

F. Ibarra-Velarde, Y. Vera‐Montenegro, Yazmín Acala-Canto, I. Cruz-Mendoza

{"title":"Additive Efficiency of Fipronil + Methoprene Compared to Fipronil Alone against Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks in Naturally Infested Dogs","authors":"F. Ibarra-Velarde, Y. Vera‐Montenegro, Yazmín Acala-Canto, I. Cruz-Mendoza","doi":"10.4236/pp.2020.118016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2020.118016","url":null,"abstract":"The acaricidal efficiency of fipronil alone and fipronil \u0000+ methoprene compared to commercial fipronil and commercial fipronil + methoprene, \u0000applied by the epicutaneous route (spot-on) in dogs naturally infested with \u0000ticks, was assessed. Thirty dogs infested with high loads of ticks were used. \u0000On day 0, the dogs were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Each animal \u0000was duly identified for individual and group monitoring. Treatments were made \u0000based on body weight according to manufacturer’s instructions. Group 1 (G1) received 10.0% fipronil \u0000at a single dose of a pipette applied by epicutaneous route in the base of the neck. G2 received 10% fipronil \u0000+ 10% methoprene in single application similarly to G1. G3 was treated with \u00009.8% commercial fipronil as before mentioned. G4 received commercial 9.8% fipronil \u0000+ 9.8% methoprene applied as in previous groups. G5 served as an infected \u0000untreated control. Animals were examined by thumb \u0000tick counts on days 0 (Treatment day), 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Efficacy was \u0000measured as a percentage of tick reduction in the treated groups relative to \u0000the untreated control. Results indicated an overall efficacy of 88.2%, 93%, \u000090.4% and 99.3%, respectively. There was no significant statistical difference \u0000between the treated groups (P ly and in full development. It is concluded that the combined formulations \u0000of fipronil + methoprene compared to fipronil applied alone, showed an additive \u0000effect against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks \u0000in naturally infested dogs kept in captivity.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87928690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Baccaurea ramiflora: Isolation of Aldehydes and in Vitro Biological Investigations 分枝杆菌:醛类化合物的分离及体外生物学研究

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-07-13 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.117014

Sangita Debnath Puja, C. Hasan, M. Ahsan

引用次数: 3

Acetylation of Starch Extracted from Rejected Fruits of Musa × paradisiaca L. to Obtain a Pharmaceutical Disintegrant 天麻废果淀粉乙酰化制备药用崩解剂的研究

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-06-05 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.116011

Karla Dumancela, E. Mayorga, J. Aguirre

{"title":"Acetylation of Starch Extracted from Rejected Fruits of Musa × paradisiaca L. to Obtain a Pharmaceutical Disintegrant","authors":"Karla Dumancela, E. Mayorga, J. Aguirre","doi":"10.4236/pp.2020.116011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2020.116011","url":null,"abstract":"There are many natural sources to obtain \u0000pharmaceutical grade starch, one of which is banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.); nevertheless, the use of native starch \u0000has certain disadvantages compared to modified starches, whose disintegrating \u0000properties are better. In this study, starch extracted from rejected fruits of Musa × paradisiaca L., was modified by acetylation, under the \u0000following optimized experimental conditions: 130 mL acetic anhydride, 3 mL \u0000sodium hydroxide 50% p/v for each 15 grams of native starch, at 123℃ during 3 \u0000hours. The reaction resulted in a modified green banana starch with twice as \u0000much swelling capacity compared to unmodified (native) starch; acetylation was \u0000verified by infrared spectroscopy and degree of substitution of acetyl groups by \u0000back titration. The dissolution profiles of Ibuprofen tablets made with banana modified starch and commercial disintegrant, \u0000have no differences according with their similarity factor, f2. It is concluded that it is feasible to use green \u0000banana starch modified through acetylation as a pharmaceutical disintegrant.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81820419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Optimization of Dosage Regimen of Rezafungin against Candida spp. Based on Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis 基于药代动力学/药效学分析的热复宁抗念珠菌给药方案优化

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-06-05 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.116008

Jiuli Hu, Junhui Hu

引用次数: 0

Natural Compound Formula RM88 Significantly Reduces Blood Alcohol Concentration in Humans 天然复方配方RM88显著降低人体血液酒精浓度

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-06-05 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.116010

E. R. Vickers

{"title":"Natural Compound Formula RM88 Significantly Reduces Blood Alcohol Concentration in Humans","authors":"E. R. Vickers","doi":"10.4236/pp.2020.116010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2020.116010","url":null,"abstract":"There is extensive worldwide \u0000use for the social consumption of alcohol. Abuse of alcohol causes substantial \u0000personal, psychological and medical health issues. In addition, there are \u0000significant national economic costs from lost productivity. However, there are \u0000limited pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of alcohol overuse. Historically, \u0000many cultures have used herbs and other natural compounds to reduce problematic \u0000alcohol induced behaviour but the evidence is anecdotal. This study \u0000investigated if a natural compound formula (RM88) that was developed could \u0000reduce blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in a controlled case series. Thirteen \u0000subjects (5 males, 8 females, age range 18 to 85 years) completed 16 paired \u0000sessions of alcohol only versus RM88 with alcohol. Subjects consumed one to \u0000three standard drinks of beer, wine or spirits (14.7 to 29.4 gm alcohol). \u0000Measurements were made by a fuel cell breathalyzer for a period of 90 minutes. \u0000Summated BAC showed a reduction in 94% (15/16) of paired test sessions (BAC \u0000reduction range 23% - 79%, mean 50.9% ± 16.5%, p = 0.0005). Data normalized to \u000020 gm alcohol (two standard drinks) showed a significance of p = 0.00026. One \u0000subject on prednisone and hydroxychloroquine drugs had increased BAC from RM88. \u0000The average reductions of BAC for the beverages were spirits 34% (n = 3), beer 36% (n = 3), and wine 52% \u0000(n = 10). RM88 showed that this combination of natural compounds was very \u0000effective in reducing maximal peak concentrations of alcohol.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81785259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis the Probability of Target Attainment of Posaconazole against Mucorales Species in Patients with Mucormycosis 泊沙康唑治疗毛霉病患者毛霉菌的药代动力学/药效学分析

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-05-14 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.115007

Ying Wang, Jingyi Zhao, Yinhui Yao, Junhui Hu, Jiuli Hu, Xun Xiao, Yanwu Zhao

引用次数: 1

The Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions of the Health Support Pharmacy System 日本社区药师对健康支援药房制度的认知

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.114006

N. Hirota, N. Okamura

{"title":"The Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions of the Health Support Pharmacy System","authors":"N. Hirota, N. Okamura","doi":"10.4236/pp.2020.114006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2020.114006","url":null,"abstract":"A \u0000questionnaire survey was conducted employing pharmacists at 350 Japanese Federation of Democratic Medical Institutions \u0000(Min-Iren) member pharmacies, evaluating the challenges related to registering \u0000as a Health Support Pharmacy (HSP). Completed responses were received from 193 \u0000pharmacies (55.1%). Fifty-five (28.5%) of these pharmacies were approved as \u0000meeting the HSP criteria. Some difficulties encountered in registering as an \u0000HSP included the preparation of the numerous required documents and placing a \u0000health support pharmacist. The obstacles that prevented pharmacists from \u0000registering were physical, including \u0000“placement of two or more health support pharmacists” and “placement of \u0000the required over-the-counter drugs (OTCs).” Based on these, 51.8% of supervising pharmacists \u0000stated the opinion that the government should “loosen current criteria.” \u0000However, a survey conducted among the 724 participant pharmacists, working in a \u0000pharmacy, showed no significant difference in their answering tendencies \u0000depending on whether or not they worked at an HSP. This could be attributed to \u0000the effort that Min- Iren \u0000pharmacies have been putting into health support and primary care functions. \u0000Overall, 64.5% of pharmacists working at HSPs were proud that the pharmacy they worked had HSP status. The present \u0000survey revealed the physical obstacles of HSP registration. Conformity \u0000to the criteria of HSP is essential for performing their fundamental functions \u0000as pharmacies. The relaxation of the criteria is anticipated.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77872359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Transdermal Formulation Development and Topical Administration of Atenolol to Cats 阿替洛尔猫咪透皮配方开发及局部给药

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-03-31 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.113005

Sumeia M. Mohamed, J. M. Christensen, N. Leblanc

{"title":"Transdermal Formulation Development and Topical Administration of Atenolol to Cats","authors":"Sumeia M. Mohamed, J. M. Christensen, N. Leblanc","doi":"10.4236/pp.2020.113005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2020.113005","url":null,"abstract":"Atenolol diffusion through synthetic membrane, cloned human epidermis, \u0000and cat ear skin was performed utilizing a Franz diffusion cell. Transdermal drug diffusion \u0000enhancers’ ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polysorbate 80 and Dimethyl \u0000isosorbide (DMI) were added to the topical formulations and tested for their \u0000ability to enhance drug permeation through the test membranes. Topical \u0000formulation with penetration enhancers showed a rapid burst of atenolol \u0000diffusion for the first two hours (35.5 to 40 μg/ml) \u0000followed by a zero-order sustained diffusion of 2.7 μg/cm2/h of atenolol for up to twenty-four hours after application to test \u0000membranes. Increased atenolol flux through different test membranes was \u0000greatest for synthetic membrane. The topical application of the optimized \u0000atenolol formulation to cat skin containing permeation enhancers aided \u0000transdermal atenolol drug delivery to treat cats with hypertrophic obstructive \u0000cardiomyopathy. The optimum topical formulation demonstrated two fluxes through \u0000cat skin, the burst flux (15.7 μg/cm2/h) and a sustained flux (2.7 μg/cm2/h). Measured atenolol concentrations in cats at 3, 6 and 12 hours after \u0000transdermal atenolol application were 432.7 ng/ml ± 323.3, 262.4 ng/ml ± 150.1, \u0000and 253.3 ng/ml ± 133.6 respectively. Six of 7 cats achieved therapeutic serum \u0000atenolol levels (260 ng/ml) for at least one time point. Five of 7 cats had \u0000therapeutic serum atenolol concentrations 3 hours post-atenolol. At the 6 hours \u0000post-atenolol time point, only 2 had a \u0000therapeutic serum atenolol concentration while at 12 hours post-atenolol \u0000dosing, 4 of 7 cats had therapeutic serum atenolol concentrations. Transdermal \u0000atenolol administered at 25 mg q12h resulted in clinically therapeutic serum \u0000atenolol concentrations in the majority of healthy cats. The optimum \u0000transdermal formulation enabled good drug delivery feasible for transdermal \u0000application in a clinical trial in cats.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79926410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Optimization of Dalbavancin in Patients with Hepatic or Renal Impairment Dalbavancin在肝肾损害患者中的优化应用

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.112004

Ying Wang, Jingyi Zhao, Yinhui Yao, Junhui Hu, Jiuli Hu, Xun Xiao, Yanwu Zhao

引用次数: 2

Analysis of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters and Dosage Regimen of Posaconazole against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Using Monte Carlo Simulation 泊沙康唑对念珠菌和曲霉菌的药动学/药效学参数及给药方案的蒙特卡罗模拟分析

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2020.111003

Ying Wang, Jingyi Zhao, Junhui Hu, Xinhong Zhao, Yinhui Yao

{"title":"Analysis of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters and Dosage Regimen of Posaconazole against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Using Monte Carlo Simulation","authors":"Ying Wang, Jingyi Zhao, Junhui Hu, Xinhong Zhao, Yinhui Yao","doi":"10.4236/pp.2020.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2020.111003","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive fungal infections (IFI) \u0000have recently become increasingly more prevalent, resulting in an increased \u0000risk of morbidity and mortality. Both Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. are major \u0000causes of IFI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cumulative fraction of \u0000response of various dosage regimens of posaconazole against nine Candida spp. and six Aspergillus spp. in both children and \u0000adults. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was performed to optimize selection \u0000of posaconazole dosage regimens. For children, a dosage regimen of 120 mg/m2 posaconazole tid was sufficient to treat fungal infections caused by all six Aspergillus spp. and six of the nine Candida spp. (but was not effective \u0000against C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii and C. krusei). In contrast, \u0000a 400 mg dosage regimen of posaconazole bid achieved the target \u0000pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) parameters against all six Aspergillus spp. and eight of the nine Candida spp. (but was not effective \u0000against C. glabrata) in the adults. Dosage regimens of 50 mg bid, 100 mg bid, \u0000or 200 mg bid were not effective. Posaconazole dosage regimens are likely to \u0000achieve their desired PK/PD targets against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. in both \u0000children and adults.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86845895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

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