Pharmacology & Pharmacy最新文献_第7页

Zambia’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring Lessons, Challenges and Implications for Future Policies and Strategies 赞比亚应对COVID-19大流行:探讨教训、挑战及其对未来政策和战略的影响

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2022.131002

Steward Mudenda, M. Chileshe, M. Mukosha, C. Hikaambo, M. Banda, M. Kampamba, Kennedy Mwila, D. Banda, W. Mufwambi, V. Daka

引用次数: 15

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards the Disposal of Unused and Expired Medications among Students of Private Medical Universities in Lusaka, Zambia 对赞比亚卢萨卡私立医科大学学生处置未使用和过期药物的知识、态度和做法的评估

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2022.132004

M. Kampamba, Vewoerd Maingaila, T. M. Akapelwa, Steward Mudenda, Luke Biete, W. Mufwambi, M. Banda, M. Phiri, C. Hikaambo

引用次数: 0

Clinical Assessment of a Pharmaceutical Polyphenol Fruit Extract Gel to Inhibit Dental Plaque 药用多酚水果提取物凝胶抑制牙菌斑的临床评价

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2021-09-18 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2021.129016

Steven Goh, David Goh, E. R. Vickers

引用次数: 1

Transcriptome Analysis of gene in Mouse M-1 cells revealing the functional mechanism of Astragali radix extract 小鼠M-1细胞基因转录组分析揭示黄芪提取物的作用机制

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-889398/v1

Bing‐Bing Wang, Qian Feng, Chao Zhang, Yuming Chen, Yu Chen, Jie Teng, Zhong-zhen Cai, Meng-mei Li, Lin Wang, Yanpeng Zhao, Xu-Feng Bai

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of gene in Mouse M-1 cells revealing the functional mechanism of Astragali radix extract","authors":"Bing‐Bing Wang, Qian Feng, Chao Zhang, Yuming Chen, Yu Chen, Jie Teng, Zhong-zhen Cai, Meng-mei Li, Lin Wang, Yanpeng Zhao, Xu-Feng Bai","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-889398/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-889398/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background\u0000\u0000Astragali Radix (AR),the dried root of legumes, belongs to the Qi- invigorating herbs in traditional Chinese medicine and plays an important role in the treatment of many diseases. In order to understand the mechanism of action of AR extract, we used AR extract to treat M-1, mouse kidney cells, and used transcriptome sequencing technology to detect the genomic transcription level of the cells under the action of AR at different concentrations and times.\u0000Result\u0000\u0000The results showed that after a low concentration of AR treatments on the cells, the expression of genes related to cell growth and cellular immune response changed significantly, among which multiple genes are related to mitochondrial function, while high concentrations of AR affected the expression of histones and disease-related genes. It showed that the low concentration of AR extract can achieve the effect of invigorating Qi by regulating the function of mitochondria. In addition, several important genes and pathways were identified as potential targets of AR activation.\u0000Conclusion\u0000\u0000The research not only clarified the main molecular biological mechanism of AR invigorating Qi, but also provided experimental basis and cellular physiology reference for the further clinical application of AR.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78523517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Safety and Efficacy of CBD—A Pharmacist’s Perspective 从药师角度看CBD-A的安全性和有效性

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2021.128015

Samuel Maaiah, Alexander Nguyen, Simona Senovaityte, Lily Dang, Hayden Gharibyar

{"title":"The Safety and Efficacy of CBD—A Pharmacist’s Perspective","authors":"Samuel Maaiah, Alexander Nguyen, Simona Senovaityte, Lily Dang, Hayden Gharibyar","doi":"10.4236/pp.2021.128015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2021.128015","url":null,"abstract":"Here in the United States Cannabidiol (CBD) is legal \u0000in all 50 states if the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of the product \u0000is no more than 0.3%. The largest retailers of CBD in 2019 were located \u0000in California, Florida, and New York, which sold $730 million, $291 million, and \u0000$215 million, respectively. Of the patients who use CBD, the most common \u0000reasons for their use were pain, anxiety, and insomnia. As the use of CBD for \u0000the relief of different issues increases, it is important to assess the safety \u0000and efficacy of CBD as it pertains to drug-drug interactions, lab interactions, \u0000and its actual benefits. This subject of safety and efficacy is increasingly \u0000important as the use of CBD has increased, with approximately 64 million \u0000Americans having tried CBD between 2017 and 2019. In this article, we will \u0000discuss these different aspects of CBD use \u0000from the point of view of a pharmacist. Not only do pharmacists commonly \u0000get questions on different aspects of CBD use, but they are also drug experts \u0000in areas including drug-drug interactions, drug toxicities, pharmacokinetics \u0000and pharmacodynamic profiles of medications, and guideline-recommended \u0000therapeutic options. Although there is a limited amount of data, there is still \u0000accessible data that may serve to inform pharmacists to become aware of the \u0000safety and efficacy of CBD. This information will serve pharmacists to educate \u0000patients that CBD contains properties to be used in a variety of conditions \u0000such as Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome, pain, and sports enhancement.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77759942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Method for Identification and Quantification of Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine in Serum of Congenital Toxoplasmosis Pediatric Patients 小儿先天性弓形虫病患者血清中磺胺嘧啶和乙胺嘧啶鉴定与定量方法的建立

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2021.128014

M. E. Marson, Fleitas Ulises, Pérez Montilla Carlos, Prospitti Anabela, A. Jaime, Moroni Samanta, M. Guillermo, G. Facundo, M. Guido

{"title":"Development of a Method for Identification and Quantification of Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine in Serum of Congenital Toxoplasmosis Pediatric Patients","authors":"M. E. Marson, Fleitas Ulises, Pérez Montilla Carlos, Prospitti Anabela, A. Jaime, Moroni Samanta, M. Guillermo, G. Facundo, M. Guido","doi":"10.4236/pp.2021.128014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2021.128014","url":null,"abstract":"Infection with Toxoplasma \u0000gondii, is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world. Congenital Toxoplasmosis \u0000(CT) is particularly risky due to its fetal complications. \u0000Sulfadiazine (SDZ) and Pyrimethamine (PYR) are usually used for CT treatment in Argentina, to prevent \u0000morbidity. Due to the lack of commercial pediatric formulations, these \u0000must be prepared in the hospital pharmacy. This is the first report of serum \u0000concentrations measures in pediatric CT therapy for this combination of drugs. A \u0000bioanalytical method was developed for identification and simultaneous \u0000quantification of SDZ and PYR by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) \u0000with UV detection. The validated method was applied to residual serum samples \u0000obtained from 6 pediatric patients undergoing treatment with SDZ 42.20 a 93.70 \u0000mg/kg/day and PYR 0.77 a 2.70 mg/kg/day. \u0000Sample pretreatment consisted on a deproteinization \u0000step followed by centrifugation and then injection of supernatant. Limit \u0000of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ) were (0.17 ± 0.02 and 0.13 ± 0.02) \u0000μg/mL and (0.46 ± 0.01 and 0.36 ± 0.01) μg/mL for SDZ and PYR respectively, \u0000with an appropriate linear range. Concentrations range found were ( - 162.04 ± 0.02) μg/mL for SDZ and ( - 7.30 ± 0.03) μg/mL for PYR. We developed and validated in real pediatric samples, an \u0000acute, precise and low-cost method for \u0000quantification of SDZ and PYR using a non-sophisticate chromatographic equipment, suitable for hospital therapeutic monitoring \u0000for public health system.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84030885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute and Reproductive Toxicity of the Aqueous Extract of the Dry Seeds of Aframomum daniellii on the Female Wistar Rat Strain 白香树干种子水提物对Wistar雌性大鼠的急性和生殖毒性研究

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2021.127013

Z. Nde, M. Wankeu-Nya, B. L. Koloko, S. Ateba, Marie I. Ngaha, E. F. Bend, Paul V. G. Mboumwa, Doriane C. Nyonseu Nzeubang, D. Lembè

{"title":"Acute and Reproductive Toxicity of the Aqueous Extract of the Dry Seeds of Aframomum daniellii on the Female Wistar Rat Strain","authors":"Z. Nde, M. Wankeu-Nya, B. L. Koloko, S. Ateba, Marie I. Ngaha, E. F. Bend, Paul V. G. Mboumwa, Doriane C. Nyonseu Nzeubang, D. Lembè","doi":"10.4236/pp.2021.127013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2021.127013","url":null,"abstract":"This work was designed to investigate the acute and reproductive toxicity activity of the aqueous extract of the dry seeds of Aframomum daniellii on the female rats. The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Aframomum daniellii (A. daniellii) was evaluated with 6 female rats which were divided into 2 groups (1 Test group and the Control group) of 3 female rats each. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg/po) and the test group received a single dose of extract of A. daniellii at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. The reproductive toxicity was evaluated using 45 adult female rats which were divided into 5 groups. Group I, received distilled water (1 mL/100 g/po, neutral control); group II, received Clomiphene citrate (600 μg/kg/po, positive control); Groups III, IV and V (trials) received aqueous extract of A. daniellii at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/po respectively. The animals were treated daily for 14 days. From the 6th day of treatment, the rats were mated with males of proven fertility for 8 days. On day 22, after laparotomy and delivery, the number of implantation sites, corpora lutea, resorption sites and pups were recorded. Concerning the acute toxicity, it was observed that, after the single dose of 2000 mg/kg administration of the aqueous extract of the dry seeds of A. daniellii, no deaths were recorded. Concerning the reproductive toxicity, no implantation and gestation were observed when compared to the control. However, the aqueous extract of A. daniellii caused a significant (p A daniellii is weakly toxic, but could negatively affect some reproductive parameters.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86287553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of the Preventive and Therapeutic Activities of Tridax procumbens against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Induced in Wistar Rats 原甘露对Wistar大鼠高血糖和高脂血症的防治作用

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2021.127012

J. Amagbegnon, O. Koukoui, P. Agbangnan, S. Seton, M. Betira, S. Médégan, L. Loko, Victorin Dougnon, L. Djogbénou, A. Sezan

{"title":"Evaluation of the Preventive and Therapeutic Activities of Tridax procumbens against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Induced in Wistar Rats","authors":"J. Amagbegnon, O. Koukoui, P. Agbangnan, S. Seton, M. Betira, S. Médégan, L. Loko, Victorin Dougnon, L. Djogbénou, A. Sezan","doi":"10.4236/pp.2021.127012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2021.127012","url":null,"abstract":"From the Asteraceaes family, Tridax procumbens is a wild species frequently found in fields, meadows and roadsides. It is traditionally used to treat yellow fever, typhoid fever, high blood pressure and diabetes. In this work we used the hydro-ethanolic extract of the leaves and stems of the plant and also the fractions of this extract to determine the preventive and therapeutic activities of the plant against obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The yields of the fractions obtained by decantation of the hydro-ethanolic extract are respectively 0.160% with hexane, 0.073% with dichloromethane, 0.09% with diethyl ether and 0.150% with ethyl acetate. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were induced in the rats submitted to a fatty and sweet diet for 28 days. Our results showed a significant increase in glycemia, weight and triglyceride level in rats that were subjected to the diet. On the other hand, the rats treated with the dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight of Tridax procumbens extract during the induction showed a reduction in weight gain and an absence of increase in blood sugar and triglyceride levels. The ethyl acetate fraction of Tridax procumbens extract administered to fatty and hyperglycemic rats at 50 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days did not induce change in the blood sugar and triglycerides level of fatty and hyperglycemic rats. If it seems obvious that the extract of Tridax procumbens prevents hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, the ethyl acetate fraction does not seem to have a therapeutic effect.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82531369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Verbascoside—A Review of Its Antitumor Activities 毛蕊花苷-抗肿瘤活性研究进展

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.4236/pp.2021.126011

Hasan Khalaf, Ruaa A. Jasim, I. T. Ibrahim

引用次数: 5

Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.4236/PP.2021.125010

Cheyenne Moffett, Katherine J. Kost, A. Thompson, M. Ossipov, J. Pergolizzi, Sumiyo Umeda-Raffa, R. Raffa, T. Largent-Milnes, T. Vanderah

{"title":"Test of the Popular Benzodiazepine Alprazolam in a Positive Conditioned Place-Preference Model in Female Rats","authors":"Cheyenne Moffett, Katherine J. Kost, A. Thompson, M. Ossipov, J. Pergolizzi, Sumiyo Umeda-Raffa, R. Raffa, T. Largent-Milnes, T. Vanderah","doi":"10.4236/PP.2021.125010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/PP.2021.125010","url":null,"abstract":"The benzodiazepines were introduced into medical practice during the 1960s. At the time, they represented a safer alternative to extant therapies used for anxiety, such as the barbiturates. However, on September 23, 2020, the United States FDA indicated that more is needed to be known about the initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of the use of these widely-used drugs with publication of the announcement “to address the serious risks of abuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal reactions, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring the Boxed Warning be updated for all benzodiazepine medicines.” Because for many years, there has been a sparsity of research on these drugs, relevant information is unfortunately lacking at this critical time. It is therefore valuable to (re)establish animal models and begin to collect relevant data. We here use a model of conditioned place preference (CPP) which suggests that the representative benzodiazepine alprazolam induces positive place preference in female rats.","PeriodicalId":20031,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73094148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

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