Pediatric Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Instruction for Authors.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ped4.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.70007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2024).","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) varies worldwide, and the lack of well-adopted guidelines for use in China suggests that patients with JORRP do not receive optimal care. In America, where data is available, pediatric patients undergo an average of 4 surgeries annually and a total of >40 surgeries in their lifetimes primarily due to this condition. It is widely accepted that timely diagnosis and implementation of scientifically sound and effective interventions can prevent JORRP progression and mitigate serious complications. Notably, evidence-based guidelines to coordinate care are lacking, and there is a need to standardize clinical practice to improve outcomes for patients. The International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) issued guidelines in 2020 to improve care for patients with JORRP. However, this guideline was majorly tailored to the healthcare system in Europe and America, posing a challenge to its adoption in China. To this effect, we assembled a guideline development working group to formulate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of JORRP tailored to the Chinese context. The working group consisting of multidisciplinary experts with experience in managing patients with JORRP undertook qualitative and quantitative studies, conducted two rounds of Delphi consensus, and carried out multiple systematic reviews/meta-analyses to provide 24 key recommendations to 12 questions of clinical interest. We anticipate that healthcare workers, including primary care physicians and specialists managing JORRP, will find the guidelines useful, and their utilization will translate to improved outcomes for patients with the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"12-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia in children (2023).","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia (MPP) is the most common atypical pneumonia among children, with non-specific clinical manifestations. Despite various laboratory diagnostic methods, the diagnostic criteria remain inconsistent, potentially leading to missed or overdiagnosis. The incidence of severe and refractory cases of MPP is increasing, and there are issues with non-standard treatment in clinical practice. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of MPP in Chinese children, the Subspecialty Group of Respiratory, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases and the Editorial Board of <i>Chinese Journal of Pediatrics</i> jointly established a guideline expert group to formulate the \"Evidence-Based Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of <i>Mycoplasma Pneumoniae</i> Pneumonia in Children (2023)\" based on both domestic and international research findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of immune microenvironment associated with medulloblastoma metastasis based on explainable machine learning.","authors":"Fengmao Zhao, Xiangjun Liu, Jingang Gui, Hailang Sun, Nan Zhang, Yun Peng, Ming Ge, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, with metastasis being the primary cause of recurrence and mortality. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in driving metastasis; however, the mechanisms underlying TME alterations in MB metastasis remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate machine learning (ML) models for predicting patient outcomes in MB and to investigate the role of TME components, particularly immune cells and immunoregulatory molecules, in metastasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ML models were constructed and validated to predict prognosis and metastasis in MB patients. Eight algorithms were evaluated, and the optimal model was selected. Lasso regression was employed for feature selection, and SHapley Additive exPlanations values were used to interpret the contribution of individual features to model predictions. Immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues was quantified using the microenvironment cell populations-counter method, and immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the expression and distribution of specific proteins in tumor tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ML models identified metastasis as the strongest predictor of poor prognosis in MB patients, with significantly worse survival outcomes observed in metastatic cases. High infiltration of CD8+ T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), along with elevated expression of the <i>TGFB1</i> gene encoding transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), were strongly associated with metastasis. Independent transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed significantly higher CD8+ T cell/CTL infiltration and TGF-β1 expression in metastatic compared to nonmetastatic MB samples. Patients with both high CD8+ T cell/CTL infiltration and elevated <i>TGFB1</i> expression in the context of metastasis exhibited significantly worse survival outcomes compared to patients with low expression and no metastasis.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This study identifies metastasis as the key prognostic factor in MB and reveals the pivotal roles of CD8+ T cells, CTLs, and TGF-β1 within the TME in promoting metastasis and poor outcomes. These findings provide a foundation for developing future therapeutic strategies targeting the TME to improve MB patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance recommendations to protect all infants against respiratory syncytial virus with prophylactic monoclonal antibodies.","authors":"Kunling Shen, Lance E Rodewald, Yonghong Yang, Gary Wing-Kin Wong, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Lanny J Rosenwasser, Adel S Alharbi, Anne B Chang, Anne Goh, Antonella Muraro, Basil Elnazir, Bernard Kinane, Chris O'Callaghan, Eitan Kerem, Hilary Hoey, Jim Buttery, Jiu-Yao Wang, Kazunobu Ouchi, Rosemary Horne, Rina Triasih, Ruth A Etzel, Varinder Singh, Spencer Li, Yu Guan","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia with airway involvement in children.","authors":"Baoying Zheng, Yuchun Yan, Ling Cao","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia (MPP) with chest computed tomography (CT) findings showing airway involvement as the main manifestation has begun to be noted and increasingly reported. This type of MPP has different clinical features and may progress to bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Early recognition and treatment are helpful for reducing sequelae.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the clinical characteristics of MPP patients with airway involvement and provide guidance for clinical recognition of this type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from children diagnosed with MPP were collected. Forty-one patients were assigned to the airway group according to chest CT, and 114 patients were assigned to the air space group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The children in the airway group were younger, and the prevalence of wheezing, pulmonary moist rales, and allergic background in the airway group was greater. The prevalence of severe MPP, the proportions of neutrophils, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were lower in the airway group than in the air space group. Significantly more patients had lung involvement in both airways in the airway group. No cases of BO were found in the airway group.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>-associated airway involvement mostly occurs in young children, especially in atopic individuals. Patients with this type of pneumonia are prone to have clinical wheezing and pulmonary moist rales. The airway group included relatively few severe cases, but more patients had involvement of both lungs. Whether the patients in the airway group had a greater chance of developing BO needs further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and inequity in neonatal and child health: Tip of the iceberg from Global Burden of Disease indicators.","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Shu Wang, Mingyan Hei","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"94-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenges for developing prognostic prediction models for acute kidney injury in hospitalized children: A systematic review.","authors":"Chen Wang, Xiaohang Liu, Chao Zhang, Ruohua Yan, Yuchuan Li, Xiaoxia Peng","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized children which could rapidly progress into chronic kidney disease if not timely diagnosed. Prognostic prediction models for AKI were established to identify AKI early and improve children's prognosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To appraise prognostic prediction models for pediatric AKI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four English and four Chinese databases were systematically searched from January 1, 2010, to June 6, 2022. Articles describing prognostic prediction models for pediatric AKI were included. The data extraction was based on the CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies checklist. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed according to the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool guideline. The quantitative synthesis of the models was not performed due to the lack of methods regarding the meta-analysis of prediction models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies with 16 models were included. There were significant deficiencies in reporting and all models were considered at high ROB. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict AKI ranged from 0.69 to 0.95. However, only about one-third of models have completed internal or external validation. The calibration was provided only in four models. Three models allowed easy bedside calculation or electronic automation, and two models were evaluated for their impacts on clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Besides the modeling algorithm, the challenges for developing prediction models for pediatric AKI reflected by the reporting deficiencies included ways of handling baseline serum creatinine and age-dependent blood biochemical indexes. Moreover, few prediction models for pediatric AKI were performed for external validation, let alone the transformation in clinical practice. Further investigation should focus on the combination of prediction models and electronic automatic alerts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination during pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes.","authors":"Petra J Woestenberg, Veronique Y F Maas, Lieke C M Vissers, Nadia M B Oliveri, Agnes C Kant, Maud de Feijter","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Pregnant women have a higher risk of severe illness or complications due to a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. To reduce these risks, pregnant women are advised to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Continued monitoring of the safety of maternal COVID-19 vaccination remains important.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between maternal COVID-19 vaccination and neonatal health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register were used. In this prospective cohort study, pregnant women self-reported COVID-19 vaccination and neonatal health outcomes. We included women with a due date between January 15, 2021, and May 15, 2022, and a singleton live birth after at least 24 weeks gestation. Using log-binomial regression analysis we studied the association between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and the health outcomes; small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and neonatal health problems. We corrected for potential confounders using inverse probability of treatment weighting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 3655 participants were included (92.1% COVID-19 vaccinated during pregnancy). Of all participants, 8.9% reported SGA, 11.1% reported LGA, and 16.4% reported neonatal health problems. Maternal COVID-19 vaccination was not statistically significantly associated with SGA (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-1.36), LGA (aPR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.70-1.63), or neonatal health problems (aPR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.63-1.11).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This study indicates that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is not associated with self-reported adverse neonatal health outcomes. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relative contributions of genetic and non-genetic factors to the risk of neuroblastoma.","authors":"Eun Mi Jung, Julia E Heck, Logan G Spector","doi":"10.1002/ped4.12455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ped4.12455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous literature has well-established genetic factors as being associated with neuroblastoma (NB). About 1%-2% of NB cases are familial, with 85% of these cases predisposed to mutations in the <i>PHOX2B</i> and <i>ALK</i> genes. The genetic basis of sporadic NB has been studied through genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing approaches. Particularly, germline variants, as well as copy number variations, confer increased risks of NB, often with effect estimates ≥1.5, underscoring the strong genetic contributions to NB. However, the strength of the association varied in non-genetic factors. Some risk factors, such as birth defects, maternal illicit drug use, and early infections, had relatively stronger associations (effect estimates ≥1.5 or ≤0.67), while some other factors remain inconclusive. This suggests that certain non-genetic factors may play a more prominent role in NB risk, while further research is needed to clarify the impact of others. We synthesized and critically evaluated existing literature on the risk factors of NB to provide an overview, analyze the current state of knowledge, and outline a research path to address the relative contributions of genetic and non-genetic factors in NB. Future epidemiologic studies should incorporate novel methods for measuring genetic and non-genetic factors to comprehensively assess the full extent of factors contributing to NB. Furthermore, the utilization of dried blood spots holds promise to overcome technical and recruitment challenges for future studies. These strategies will contribute to a more holistic understanding of NB etiology and potentially lead to improved prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19992,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":"82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}