Parasitology International最新文献

{"title":"Observations on the endoparasites of sika deer (Cervus nippon) kept in captivity (deer farms and parks) in Germany.","authors":"Steffen Rehbein, Martin Visser","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sika deer, primarily animals of Japanese origin, have been introduced into Europe and, following release into the wild, established free-ranging populations in several countries, including Germany. In addition to the wild populations, sika deer are still maintained in deer parks and there are also deer farms carrying sika deer for venison production. However, to date there is no information about the parasite fauna that infect farmed sika deer and only little knowledge on parasites of sika deer in parks. This work summarizes the results of the examination for endoparasites of viscera and muscle samples of 33 sika deer from five farms and 11 sika deer from five parks in Germany. Eight species of nematodes (Ostertagia leptospicularis, Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Spiculopteragia boehmi, Spiculopteragia houdemeri, Trichostrongylus askivali, Oesophagostomum sikae, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris globulosa) and one species of coccidia (Eimeria austriaca) were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract. Sarcocystis cysts were identified in cardiac and/or diaphragm myocytes of 6/11 park deer while no cysts were detected in heart and/or diaphragm samples from 24 farmed deer. No cestodes, lungworms, liver flukes and rumen flukes were found. The nematode community was dominated by the polymorphic ostertagids residing in the abomasum, but the total burden (adults plus mucosal larval stages) was overall very low with geometric mean counts of 62 and 117 in the farmed deer (range, 0 to 2340) and park deer (range, 26 to 629), respectively. Spiculopteragia houdemeri, index ostertagid of sika deer of Japanese origin, made more than 80 % of the total nematode burden in both farmed and park sika deer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":" ","pages":"103141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The traveling insects: Ectoparasite records on Hawaiian wedge-tailed shearwaters, Ardenna pacifica, with a focus on Phthiraptera","authors":"Mikinley D. Weaver,&nbsp;Sydney M. Brown,&nbsp;K. David Hyrenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ectoparasites were collected from 35 live <em>Ardenna pacifica</em> Gmelin chicks (wedge-tailed shearwaters) in October and November 2022 using a fumigant and plastic bag collection method. Additionally, 206 naturally-deceased post-fledging grounded birds were sampled opportunistically over eight years (2015–2023), with fledglings collected during the fledging season (November – December) and adults collected during the breeding season (May – October). Eight species of Phthiraptera were documented in samples from these birds. While four species (<em>Halipeurus mirabilis</em> Thompson<em>, Trabeculus hexakon</em> Waterson<em>, Austromenopon paululum</em> (Kellogg &amp; Chapman)<em>,</em> and <em>Naubates harrisoni</em> Bedford) were present on chicks that had fledged and subsequently “fallen out”, only <em>H. mirabilis</em> was present on chicks that had not yet fledged. <em>Saemundssonia puellula</em> Timmermann, and <em>Longimenopon puffinus</em> Thompson, were only collected from adult fallout birds in the spring. Of the recorded ectoparasites, four species (<em>H. mirabilis, T. hexakon, A. paululum,</em> and <em>N. harrisoni)</em> constituted a species assemblage that did not significantly vary from year to year. Lice abundance and diversity varied across bird age classes (pre-fledging chicks, fledged chicks, adults), but a significant increase in lice abundance during 2015 coincided with a major El Niño event, suggesting that the ectoparasite loads may be affected by external conditions such as air temperature. There was also a significant increase in lice prevalence between pre-fledging and fledged chicks, which likely coincided with the lice hatching. These results underscore the consistency of lice assemblages on <em>A. pacifica,</em> while highlighting the influence of endogenous (e.g., bird life history) and exogenous (e.g., weather) ecological factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical presentation of Enterobius vermicularis in a cognitively impaired elderly patient: A case report","authors":"Shoichi Shimizu ,&nbsp;Masayuki Kamochi ,&nbsp;Yasuhide Urakami ,&nbsp;Yoshio Osada","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterobius vermicularis</em> infection (enterobiasis) is a common intestinal parasitosis, typically characterized by perianal pruritus, and is most prevalent in children. Diagnosing enterobiasis in cognitively impaired individuals, who may not report typical symptoms, poses a diagnostic challenge. We report the case of an 86-year-old Japanese woman with cognitive impairment who was admitted for a tibial fracture. During a routine diaper change, several motile, thread-like organisms were incidentally observed in her perianal and perivaginal areas. Microscopic examination identified the organisms as gravid female <em>E. vermicularis</em>. The patient reported no pruritus ani or insomnia, and was successfully treated with a two-dose regimen of pyrantel pamoate. The follow-up adhesive tape tests confirmed clearance of the parasites. This case highlights that enterobiasis can be clinically silent in elderly patients with cognitive impairment, a population at increased risk due to potential difficulties with hygiene and an inability to report symptoms. Clinicians and caregivers should remain alert to enterobiasis in cognitively impaired elderly patients to ensure timely diagnosis and prevent transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic findings in Schistosoma mekongi infection. A minireview","authors":"Joachim Richter ,&nbsp;Kerstin Kling ,&nbsp;Christoph Hatz ,&nbsp;Andreas Neumayr","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Schistosoma (S.) mekongi</em> is causing intestinal and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in some South East Asian countries located along the Mekong river. Ultrasonography is the point of care method of choice for detecting and staging hepatosplenic morbidity due to schistosomiasis. We review all publications on ultrasound examinations in <em>S. mekongi</em> infected individuals. An extensive data base search revealed only six eligible publications on 1454 patients. Findings included (peri-)portal fibrosis, splenomegaly and signs of portal hypertension. Portal fibrosis was sometimes difficult to differentiate from periductal fibrosis caused by frequent <em>Opistorchis viverrini</em> co-infection (in 3/6 studies). In these cases, color Doppler was helpful in detecting internal blood flow in portal but non in periductal liver fibrosis. On the other hand, interseptal liver fibrosis as <span><math><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>ACI</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><munder><mo>∑</mo><mrow><mi>t</mi><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mi>k</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></munder><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mi>k</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></mfenced></math></span>seen in <em>S. japonicum</em> and echogenic gallbladder wall thickening as frequently seen in <em>S. mansoni</em> infections were not described as features of <em>S. mekongi</em> infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational intestinal parasitosis and anaemia: A double-hit for pregnancy outcomes","authors":"Heba M. Aboelela ,&nbsp;Waleed M. Tawfik ,&nbsp;Ghada M. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Ayman T. Morsy ,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Sherif ,&nbsp;Asmaa M. Ammar","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gestational anaemia (GA) is a significant public health concern worldwide, affecting approximately 30 % of pregnant women. The causes of GA are multifactorial, and intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been implicated as contributing factors. However, the prevalence of IPIs in pregnant women and its relationship with the incidence and severity of GA and pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IPIs in pregnant women and its relation to the incidence and severity of GA and pregnancy outcomes.</div><div>A total of 238 pregnant women were clinically evaluated, stool specimens were collected for parasitological examinations, and blood samples were collected for ELISA detection of anti-<em>trichinlla</em> and anti-<em>schistosoma</em> IgG. The haemoglobin concentration (HBC) was estimated during the 1st and 3rd trimesters, and the extent of change in HBC was calculated. The enrolled women were categorized according to the 1st trimester HBC into anaemic and non-anaemic groups, and the incidence of pregnancy outcomes was determined.</div><div>The 3rd trimester HBC was significantly lower than the 1st trimester HBC, and the incidence of GA increased from 30.25 % to 50.84 %. The frequency of IPIs was 45 %, with a coinfection rate of 43 % among infected women. Infection by <em>Ascaris (A.) lumbricoides</em> and <em>Ancylostoma (A.) duodenale</em> was detected in 33.6 % and 19.6 % of specimens, respectively. The frequency of infections by <em>A. duodenale</em> and <em>Schistosoma</em> species was significantly greater among anaemic women. Fifty-one women (21.4 %) developed pregnancy-related complications, with a significantly greater incidence among anaemic women. The incidence of miscarriage and small for gestational age (SGA) was significantly greater among anaemic women.</div><div>This study demonstrated that gestational IPIs induce and/or aggravate maternal anaemia and deleteriously affect pregnancy outcomes. Parasitic coinfection is a high-risk factor for the development of severe anaemia late in pregnancy, the occurrence of miscarriage, and SGA. The implementation of parasitological evaluation in routine pre-pregnancy counseling or at pregnancy diagnosis is mandatory to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of heterophyids in human stool samples from the Philippines","authors":"Philip Louise M. Salvo ,&nbsp;Patricia A. Torriana ,&nbsp;Amina C. Kunting ,&nbsp;Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla ,&nbsp;Lydia R. Leonardo ,&nbsp;Kharleezelle Moendeg-Mamades ,&nbsp;Aleyla E. de Cadiz ,&nbsp;Raffy Jay C. Fornillos ,&nbsp;Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco ,&nbsp;Ian Kim B. Tabios","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The family Heterophyidae includes endoparasitic minute intestinal flukes that are primarily transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, causing heterophyidiasis. Several heterophyid species have been reported to infect humans in the Philippines. Heterophyidiasis is diagnosed by detection of parasite ova in stool samples through Kato-Katz stool microscopy, but species identification is challenging due to the morphologically similar eggs of different heterophyid species and other minute intestinal flukes such as <em>Clonorchis</em> and <em>Opisthorchis</em>. This study addresses the need for accurate species identification by employing molecular techniques, specifically nested PCR and DNA sequencing of the 5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, to identify heterophyid eggs in human stool samples in the Philippines. This study detected 10 human stool samples infected with <em>Haplorchis taichui</em> from Leyte and Davao del Norte, with all ten sequences clustering with <em>H. taichui</em> sequences from Vietnam. One sample contained <em>Opisthorchis viverrini</em>, an opisthorchiid that is nested inside Heterophyidae. The study also identified two novel genotypes of <em>Haplorchis</em> sp. These results contribute to our knowledge of the diversity of medically important trematodes in the Philippines and emphasize the usefulness of molecular techniques for the accurate identification of heterophyid parasite eggs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Total-evidence phylogenetic hypothesis of Hexabothriidae Price, 1942” [Parasitology International 109 (2025) 1–9/103107]","authors":"Kaitlyn M. Dalrymple ,&nbsp;Emanuel L. Razzolini ,&nbsp;Walter A. Boeger","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unidentified species of Leucochloridium (Trematoda: Leucochloridiidae) found in an Amber snail (Succinea lauta) from Chiba Prefecture, Honshu, Japan","authors":"Takashi Iwaki ,&nbsp;Mizuki Sasaki ,&nbsp;Tsukasa Waki ,&nbsp;Taiji Kurozumi","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Leucochloridium</em> spp. are intriguing parasites due to their colorful, pulsating larval broodsacs in amber snails' eyestalks. The unusual appearance is believed to mimic caterpillars to attract insectivorous birds. Sporocysts of <em>Leucochloridium</em> sp. were discovered in an amber snail (<em>Succinea lauta</em>) in Chiba, located in the central region of Honshu, Japan. The broodsacs displayed a distinctive pattern, characterized by large dark brown spots, bands of the same color at the anterior end, and light brown vertical stripes running through them. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on DNA sequences of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene (28S rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 gene (<em>cox1</em>). Although the 28S rDNA sequence of the present species was closely related to that of <em>Leucochloridium problematicum</em> from North America, morphological differences in the broodsacs suggest that it is likely a distinctive species. A ML tree based on the <em>cox1</em> sequences indicated that the <em>Leucochloridium</em> species analyzed in this study and <em>L. subtilis</em> form a clade separate from other <em>Leucochloridium</em> species in Europe and Asia. However, the p-distance between the <em>cox1</em> sequences of the present species and <em>L. subtilis</em> was 0.24, supporting their distinction at the species level. Although definitive identification of <em>Leucochloridium</em> sp. was not achieved in this study, the DNA barcodes generated here and in related research may facilitate future direction and identification of adult <em>Leucochloridium</em> sp. in birds residing in or migrating through Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy: A review","authors":"Williams Walana ,&nbsp;Seth Anang Odai ,&nbsp;Abdelhakam G. Tamomh","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Toxoplasmosis, caused by the zoonotic protozoan <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, poses substantial risks during pregnancy, including adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review synthesized global evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and clinical consequences of <em>T. gondii</em> infection in pregnant populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a literature search of Medline/PubMed and ScienceDirect/Scopus databases (up to February 14, 2025), employed Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords such as “<em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>,” “pregnancy,” “congenital toxoplasmosis,” and “seroprevalence.” Eligible studies underwent rigorous screening, yielding 18 articles representing diverse regions in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe, and North America.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seroprevalence rates varied significantly, from 4.2 % in Mexican cohorts to 71 % in parts of Brazil. Key risk factors included contact with cats, raw/undercooked meat consumption, soil exposure, inadequate hygiene, and unpasteurized milk consumption. Diagnosis primarily relied on serological assays (IgG/IgM ELISA), augmented by molecular techniques (PCR) and IgG avidity testing to identify acute infections. Adverse outcomes such as miscarriage, preterm labour, and congenital toxoplasmosis were consistently reported, though the implications of latent infection remained unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings underscore toxoplasmosis as a critical public health challenge in pregnancy, necessitating enhanced prenatal screening, refined diagnostic protocols, and targeted education to reduce exposure risks. Longitudinal studies are urged to clarify the effects of latent infection and guide evidence-based interventions globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in diarrheic children from Algiers, Algeria","authors":"Djamel Baroudi ,&nbsp;AbdElkarim Laatamna ,&nbsp;Salem Belkessa ,&nbsp;Ahcene Hakem ,&nbsp;Houria Zait ,&nbsp;Karim-Tarik Adjou ,&nbsp;Ratiba Baazizi ,&nbsp;Yaoyu Feng ,&nbsp;Djamel Khelef ,&nbsp;Lihua Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Giardia duodenalis</em> is a zoonotic intestinal protozoan that infects humans and a wide range of animals. It is a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide. However, data on the epidemiology of giardiasis in humans and animals in Africa are limited. The present study aimed to genotype <em>G. duodenalis</em> in children from Algiers, Algeria. A total of 447 fecal samples submitted to a medical laboratory were examined for <em>G. duodenalis</em> by microscopy. Of the samples tested, 67 were positive. We performed molecular characterization to determine the <em>G. duodenalis</em> assemblages among the positive samples by analyzing sequences of the triose phosphate isomerase (<em>TPI</em>), beta-giardin (<em>BG</em>), and glutamate dehydrogenase (<em>GDH</em>) genes. PCR analysis of at least one gene revealed that a total of 66 samples were positive. Phylogenetic sequence analysis of the <em>TPI</em> locus identified assemblage A in 36 samples and assemblage B in 15 samples. All assemblage A sequences were determined to be subtype A2. For the <em>BG</em> locus, assemblages A and B were identified in 12 and 13 samples, respectively. For the <em>GDH</em> locus, 36 and 12 samples were identified as assemblages A and B, respectively. Five samples showed mixed infection based on the results of the three analyzed loci. Assemblage A was significantly pore prevalent in children who had diarrhea, attended schools or kindergartens, and drank tap water. This study provides valuable data on the molecular epidemiology of <em>G. duodenalis</em> in Algerian children. Further genotyping- and subtyping-based investigations are needed to better understand transmission dynamics and develop public health measures to control this important parasite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}