{"title":"Effect of Duckweed-Based Aquafeeds on Feed Digestibility and Growth Performance of Gibelion catla","authors":"J. Shafi","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220722090715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220722090715","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to find viable and economic ingredients for fish feed by evaluating the effect of partial fish meal replacement with duckweed ( Lemna minor ) in Gibelion catla feed. Four different isonitrogenous feeds (with 0, 10, 20 and 30% replacement of fish meal with) were prepared and fed to juvenile catla for 60 days at the rate of 5% fish biomass. No significant difference ( P >0.05) in fish growth parameters and feed efficiency was observed among the treatments. There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter among treatments. Feed ADC (protein) with duckweed at 30% inclusion level was significantly lower ( P <0.05) compared to the other treatments. There was no significant difference in muscle composition of fish reared under the four treatments. Results of the present study showed that duckweed can be used to replace up to 20% of fish meal in feed of catla without any negative effect on fish growth or feed digestibility.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67564112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of 20 Years Research Progression on Prodrug Technology in Inhaled Medications","authors":"Lijuan Liu","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220813160811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220813160811","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67565342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Gamma Irradiated Sesame Seeds","authors":"M. K. A. el-Megid","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220812000812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220812000812","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67565715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial and Climatic Analysis of Chestnut Honey and Propolis Produced in Chestnut Forests and Their Potential Contribution to the Economy","authors":"T. Bozlar","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220823110833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220823110833","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effect of spatial and climatic factors on the productivity of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis produced in chestnut forests and to reveal the potential contribution of their production to the economy. The study area included the provinces of Artvin, Trabzon, Ordu and Samsun in the Eastern and Central Black Sea Region, and covered the beekeepers producing chestnut honey and chestnut propolis in chestnut forests. The primary data of the study were obtained from the yield measurements of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis obtained from the hives, whereas the secondary data were obtained from the surveys conducted with beekeepers. Analysis of variance, independent sample t-test and correlation analysis were used to analyze the statistical difference between the chestnut honey and chestnut propolis yields of the beehives in different provinces. It was determined that there was a negative relationship between the yield of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis, relative humidity and wind speed, and a positive relationship between yield and altitude, temperature and precipitation. The potential contribution of chestnut honey and propolis production was US $ 51.10 million to the Eastern and Central Black Sea Region economy.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67566192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Barbourofelines from the Middle-Late Miocene of the Siwaliks, Pakistan","authors":"Khalid Mahmood","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20221013201049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221013201049","url":null,"abstract":"The family Nimravidae is poorly known from the Siwalik Group that comprises freshwater deposits having an age that spans 18.0-0.6 Ma. The new material recovered from the Dhok Ban Ameer Khatoon (Chinji Formation) and Sethi Nagri (type locality of the Nagri Formation) is assigned to Sansanosmilus rhomboidalis based on the morphology of canine. The recovered material is unique and rare in the Siwaliks of northern Pakistan. It also increases the stratigraphic range of this barbourofelines species from the Chinji Formation to the Nagri Formation.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Plant Complex Sterility Agent in Rats via FAM209 Regulating PICK1","authors":"Chundan Shi","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20221017071041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221017071041","url":null,"abstract":"This animal study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of FAM209, and PICK1protein in SD rats with Rodent pest. SD rats are randomly divided into control group, low (10 mg/kg of plant complex sterility agent) and high dose (20 mg/kg of plant complex sterility agent) groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining is used to observe the pathological changes of testis tissue. The testis organ index, male seminal vesicle, and sperm were also detected. The expression of FAM209, and PICK1protein in testis tissue are detected by Western blotting. Compared with the control group, the cell structure in the testis tissue of the model group is damaged, and testis organ index, male seminal vesicle, the sperm density level in the control group, low dose group are significantly increased ( P <0.05). The results of WB confirm the expression of FAM209 ( P <0.05). downregulated of FAM209, and PICK1protein may be involved in the development of rodent pest.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodiversity and Conservation of Freshwater Fishes in the Yujiang River, China","authors":"W. Xiong","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20221105001122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221105001122","url":null,"abstract":"langsoni , Pseudohemiculter dispar , Ptychidio jordani , and Cranoglanis bouderius ), qualify for recognition as Threatened Species. Overfishing, water flow diversions and modifications, and the impacts of non-native species are the greatest threats to freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yujiang River. We recommend the adoption and enforcement of additional protected areas, improvement in approaches to sustainable fishery management, much better control of non-native species, and an improvement in and the expansion of fish life-history research. Our study contributes recommendations for the better protection of freshwater fish biodiversity and the development of sustainable fisheries in the Yujiang River.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Effect of Apartinib Combined with Trastuzumab on Gastric Cancer with Ascites","authors":"Xiaowei Zhang","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20221223091220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221223091220","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two chemotherapeutic drugs","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Analysis of Cross-Protection of Commercial IBV Vaccines against Locally Isolated Field Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Pakistan","authors":"M. Shahid","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20221229071222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221229071222","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccine failure against infectious bronchitis (IB) due to emergence of nephro-pathogenic strains in field is a major problem. This study evaluated cross protection of commercial IBV vaccines against field isolates. A total of 160, day-old chicks were equally divided into four groups. Group A was vaccinated with a single dose of H120 strain IBV vaccine, group B with two doses (days 02 and 15) of H120 strain, group C with two doses of heterologous strains (H120 on day 02 and 4/91 on 15) while group D kept unvaccinated. Antibody titer was evaluated using a commercial ELISA kit. The difference in antibody titer of vaccinated groups was non-significant (P value > 0.05) till two weeks post-vaccination. At 04 weeks of age, the highest antibody titer was observed for group B, followed by group C and A. Challenge with a field isolate of IBV induced a rise in antibody titer in all groups. Group D had the highest score (severe) of clinical signs and mortality (n=04/10) followed by group A, showing a moderate score of clinical signs and mortality (n=02/10). In contrast, group C was the most protected group showing mild signs and no mortality. Nephro-pathogenic gross lesions were predominant in all groups except group C which had the lowest score. It was concluded that nephro-pathogenic strains are involved in field outbreaks of IB. Further, a vaccination program only with a classical strain could not provide full protection while priming with a classical strain in first week and boosting by a variant strain vaccine after second week may provide better protection against the disease. Protective-typing is also recommended for development of vaccine from locally isolated strains.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Baseline Variables in Responder and Non-Responder Groups of Chronic Hepatitis C patients","authors":"M. Shahid","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20230119060159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20230119060159","url":null,"abstract":"The chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus plays a vital role around the globe in hepatic persistent disease. It is undoubtedly a major health and financial burden in Pakistan, affecting about 6 to 10 percent of the overall population. The purpose of this research is to identify the baseline clinical and virological variables to predict the therapy outcomes. In this study, a total of 118 confirmed CHC-positive patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The HCV genotype and virus titer of the selected patients were measured. All patients received pegylated interferon with the addition of ribavirin. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used for comparing variations in clinical data between patient groups. The clinical and virological data have been analyzed using correlation analysis. For the assessment of therapy response in patients, a binary logistic regression model has been used. ANOVA showed that differences in albumin %, AST/ALT ratio, and monocyte % between responders and non-responders have been statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the predictive analysis, three variables γ-GT, globulin, and albumin were predictors of treatment. Our study showed that clinical and virological parameters can be used as a useful tool for predicting treatment outcomes. These parameters can be used to accurate predictions of the Pakistani population in patients with newly diagnosed HCV-3a.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67573092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}