Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Andrographolide mitigates paraquat-induced pulmonary injury via PI3K/Akt/PPARγ pathway-mediated regulation of EMT and oxidative stress.","authors":"Degang Zhang, Shengming Zhao, Jiayi Xiao, Qinyi Cai, Bo Zhao","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.159.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.159.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paraquat (PQ) poisoning causes acute pulmonary injury via oxidative stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with limited treatment options.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated whether andrographolide (Andro) alleviates PQ-induced lung damage and the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PQ-induced pulmonary injury was established in C57BL/6J mice. Animals were assigned to Control, Andro, PQ and PQ +Andro groups. Lung pathology, oxidative stress markers (MPO, ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT), EMT markers (E-cadherin, α-SMA), and PI3K/Akt/PPARγ pathway proteins were assessed in vivo and in MLE-12 cells, with PI3K inhibition using LY294002.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Andro significantly improved survival, reduced alveolar injury and collagen deposition, and suppressed oxidative stress by downregulating ROS/MDA/MPO and enhancing SOD/CAT. It suppressed EMT by upregulating E-cadherin and reducing α-SMA. Andro inhibited PI3K/Akt activation and increased PPARγ expression. LY294002 partially reproduced these effects, supporting pathway involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Andro mitigates PQ-induced lung damage by limiting oxidative stress and EMT via the PI3K/Akt/PPARγ pathway. These findings provide preclinical evidence for its further investigation as a candidate protective agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1679-1689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wu-Mei-Wan retards NAFLD progression by ameliorating obesity and regulating serum metabolites in high-fat diet-fed mice.","authors":"Mengting Guo, Xue Zhou, Haodong Zhang, Xinna Huyan, Yang Zhao, Xiaocui Wang","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.175.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.175.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), closely associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, lacks universally effective therapies. Wu-Mei-Wan (WMW), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used to treat metabolic disorders, but its efficacy and mechanism against NAFLD remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the therapeutic potential of WMW in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After 24 weeks of HFD feeding, mice were allocated to control, model, low/middle/high-dose WMW (L-/M-/H-WMW), or metformin groups. Physiological parameters and liver pathology were assessed. Untargeted serum metabolomics was employed to identify altered metabolic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>H-WMW treatment significantly alleviated NAFLD phenotypes, reducing body weight, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Metabolomic analysis identified vitamin B6 metabolism as a key target, with H-WMW restoring levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid to near-normal. Mechanistically, WMW coordinately modulated interconnected purine and vitamin B6 metabolic networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WMW demonstrates significant efficacy against NAFLD, likely through multi-target reprogramming of hepatic metabolism. These findings position WMW as a promising phytopharmaceutical candidate worthy of further clinical investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1843-1853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression analysis of serum exosome miRNAs in acral melanocytic tumor.","authors":"Tian Zhu, Jianlei Wang, Yue Wang, Chunmiao Wen, Yu Han, Yahong Hu, Yujia Wang","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.168.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.168.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acral melanocytic tumors are a common cutaneous neoplasm with malignant potential. Early and non-invasive biomarkers for identifying malignant transformation remain lacking. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown great potential as stable diagnostic indicators in various cancers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the differential expression and clinical significance of serum exosomal miRNAs in patients with acral melanocytic tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. MiRNA sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs. Target genes were predicted and analyzed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 69 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 14 were up-regulated and 55 down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that target genes were mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways and the MAPK signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acral melanocytic tumor‑related miRNAs are stably present in serum exosomes and may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and auxiliary diagnosis of acral melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1771-1779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and tolerability of esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops versus sodium hyaluronate in pediatric digital screen-related visual fatigue and dry eye.","authors":"Jun Wu, Jili Wen, Daodian Tao","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.169.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.169.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visual fatigue and dry eye are prevalent pediatric ophthalmic conditions. Esculin-digitalis glycosides and sodium hyaluronate eye drops are widely used, yet their specific clinical value remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops with sodium hyaluronate eye drops for pediatric digital screen-related visual fatigue and dry eye, assessing efficacy and tolerability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the observational retrospective study, 126 patients were initially screened from December 2022 to December 2024 and 122 were enrolled after exclusions. They were divided into two groups according to the treatment plan: the sodium hyaluronate group (n=60) and the esculin-digitalis glycosides group (n=62). After propensity score matching (PSM), 50 patients were included in each group. The primary outcome measures included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, Tear Film Breakup Time (TBUT), tear secretion volume and Corneal Fluorescein Staining (CFS) score. The secondary outcome measures included Functional Visual Acuity (FVA) accuracy rate, Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), Meibomian Gland Function Score (MGFS), incidence of adverse events and the Scale of Quality of Life for Diseases with Visual Impairment score (SQOL-DVI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, baseline data showed no significant between-group differences (all P > 0.05). Following 3 months of treatment, the esculin-digitalisglycosides group had greater reductions in OSDI, CFS and MGFS scores (all P < 0.001), longer TBUT, higher tear secretion, improved FVA accuracy and increased TMH than the sodium hyaluronate group (all P < 0.001). The esculin-digitalisglycosides group also had a higher SQOL-DVI total score. Adverse event rates were 4% (esculin-digitalisglycosides) and 8% (sodium hyaluronate), with no significant difference (P = 0.400) and no serious adverse events reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops show superior efficacy to sodium hyaluronate eye drops in treating pediatric digital screen-related visual fatigue and dry eye, with good tolerability and clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1780-1791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of curcumin and curcumin O-glucuronide through curcumin nano-gel-based delivery system using liquid chromatogram tandem mass spectrometry.","authors":"Lue Hong, Ruohan Man, Xiaowan Chen, Ziming Yang, Dingjie Shen, Wei Chen","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.155.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.155.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Curcumin exhibits limited oral bioavailability owing to its poor solubility and rapid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a novel curcumin nano-gel (CNG) and evaluate its pharmacokinetics following oral and rectal administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sensitive LC MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous quantification of curcumin and its major metabolite curcumin O glucuronide (COG) in plasma. The pharmacokinetics of CNG were compared with those of curcumin suspension (CS) to evaluate the improvement in oral and rectal absorption. CNG and curcumin suspension (CS) were administered orally (1000 mg/kg) and rectally (200 mg/kg) to mice or rats. Plasma samples were collected, and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using WinNonlin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CNG formed well dispersed nanoparticles in water. Oral administration of CNG significantly enhanced curcumin absorption, yielding a 66.7 fold higher C_max for curcumin and an 84.8 fold higher C_max for COG compared with CS. The AUC of curcumin and COG increased by 9.2 fold and 24.4 fold, respectively. Rectal administration of CNG resulted in a 5.5 fold higher C_max and a 3.5 fold higher AUC of curcumin relative to oral CS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CNG markedly improves the bioavailability of curcumin via both oral and rectal routes, demonstrating its potential as an effective delivery system for enhancing curcumin therapeutic application.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1631-1644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147619056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greener synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures using selected amino acids for assessment of antibacterial activity.","authors":"Sara Aftab, Ibtessam Tahir Ansari, Umair Aftab, Rustem Zairov, Mohsin Ali, Saeed Ahmed Lakho","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.177.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.177.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study presents a simple and eco-friendly green synthesis approach for the preparation of amino acid-assisted zinc oxide nanostructures (ZnONSs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of synthesizing amino acid-assisted ZnONSs were to evaluate their antibacterial applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among the amino acids selected are Arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, and lysine. These amino acids were used as capping and stabilizing agents to tailor the structural and surface properties of ZnONSs. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and disk diffusion method for antibacterial activity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>XRD analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO with altered crystallinity due to amino acid incorporation, while UV-Vis spectroscopy verified successful synthesis of ZnONSs. FTIR spectra demonstrated effective surface functionalization by amino acid-related functional groups, and SEM revealed amino acid-dependent morphological variations, including rod- and flower-like structures with increased surface area. EDS further verified the predominance of Zn in the samples. The disk diffusion study confirmed effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), with performance varying according to the amino acid used during synthesis. Among the samples, arginine-assisted ZnONSs demonstrated superior antibacterial efficacy, likely due to enhanced surface functionalization and electrostatic attraction with negatively charged bacterial cell membranes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work highlights amino acid-assisted green synthesis as a promising route for developing eco-friendly ZnO-based antibacterial nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1862-1872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic syndrome in chronic schizophrenia: Cross-sectional hospital assessment of prolonged risperidone exposure.","authors":"Yimin Wu, Jie Wu, Zuobin Deng, Tao Xiao","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.180.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.180.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term use of antipsychotics like risperidone raises metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk, with evidence from Chinese populations being limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared MetS prevalence and metabolic profiles between chronic schizophrenia patients on long-term risperidone versus olanzapine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 80 risperidone-treated patients were compared to 80 olanzapine-treated controls. MetS [IDF (The International Diabetes Federation) criteria], glucose/lipid metabolism and anthropometric measures were assessed. Statistical analyses included t-tests and χ^² tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of MetS was significantly lower in the risperidone group (30.0%) compared to the olanzapine group (48.8%, p = 0.015). Risperidone patients showed better glycemic control and lipid profiles (p < 0.05), though BMI (body mass index), waist circumference and blood pressure remained elevated compared to olanzapine patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term risperidone therapy is associated with a lower MetS risk than olanzapine. Regular metabolic monitoring and adjunctive interventions are recommended for high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1888-1900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of polyherbal formulation from Allium sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum verum, Elettaria cardamomum and Zingiber officinale with therapeutic potential against sinusitis-associated pathogens.","authors":"Muhammad Tjammal Rehman, Muhammad Shahid, Fatma Hussain, Bushra Akhtar","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.158.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.158.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the most common diseases in the world is sinusitis, which is an inflammation of the membranes lining the paranasal sinuses. The bacteria involved are highly resistant to antibiotics, prompting scientists to explore green bioactives as potential biofilm inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study investigated the antioxidant potential, phytochemical screening, antibacterial and biofilm inhibition potential of polyherbal extracts prepared using distilled water, ethanol, hydroethanol and n-hexane solvents. However, no prior research has specifically addressed their use in treating sinusitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were prepared by maceration method followed by antioxidant and phytochemical analysis. Chemical fingerprinting was conducted using FTIR, GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. Antibacterial activity, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibition was checked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the extracts, polyherbal ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by n-hexane, distilled water and hydroethanol. The distilled water extract showed the highest flavonoid and phenolic content, followed by hydroethanol. Different functional groups were identified in all extracts. Bioactive compounds such as quercitrin and kaempferol derivatives were identified. Antibacterial profile showed that hydroethanol extract was the most effective against sinusitis isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) with the lowest MIC against Proteus mirabilis. Biofilm inhibition assay revealed the highest inhibition by hydroethanol extract against E. faecalis followed by ethanol extract against E. coli.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that polyherbal extracts, particularly in hydroethanol and ethanol, possess significant antioxidant, antibacterial and biofilm inhibiting properties and could serve as promising candidates for the effective management of sinusitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1665-1678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147619034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior circulation vascular variants and intracranial aneurysm formation: An imaging-based study with implications for risk stratification.","authors":"Mehmet Selim Gel, Emrah Keskin, Cagri Elbir, Ayhan Kanat","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.160.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.160.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from Intracranial Aneurysms (IA) represents a leading cause of death and morbidity from neurological deficits. Emerging research has identified that variations in vascular anatomy may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic stress, and pharmacological responsiveness in cerebrovascular tissues.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether variations in the posterior circulation vascular system are associated with the development of aneurysms. Additionally, it was explored whether these variations could provide additional risk assessment for cerebrovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and computed tomography angiogram (CTA) of the posterior circulation vascular anatomy in 104 patients, from Jan 2019 to Sept 2022 was conducted. The variables recorded were posterior communicating artery grading, posterior cerebral artery dominance, vertebral artery caliber, persistent fetal type posterior circulation presence and aneurysm laterality. Hypoplastic vertebral arteries were defined as those ≤ 0.8 mm in diameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the study involving 104 individuals (47 men and 57 women) left-sided posterior communicating artery (PCoA) dominance is frequently present. Right-sided aneurysm formation was higher after exclusion of bilateral and midline aneurysms from the analysis. Persistent fetal-type posterior circulation was noted in 26.9% of all cases with a predominance for formation of right-sided petrosal type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of a vascular phenotype with left-sided PCoA dominance and contralateral vertebral artery hypoplasia increases the risk for formation of an IA in vascular patients with or without persistent fetal-type posterior circulation and therefore could be used to develop pharmacologically-based treatment strategies, including continued stabilizing of endothelial cells using Cilostazol.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1690-1698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147619068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of edaravone on synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease via Rho/ROCK signaling.","authors":"Yuejun Li, Qiuyue Lai, Qiong Li, Yixie Fan","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.154.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.6.154.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Edaravone can reduce damage to brain cells in a variety of ways. Rho/ROCK signaling is involved in Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study uses AD cell models to explore edaravone's effect on AD nerve synapse damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ROCK2 promoter luciferase reporter gene was constructed, Aβ25-35 was used as a processing factor and transfected into PC12 cells to construct an AD cell model which was then treated with edaravone, followed by analysis of 95 antibody (PSD95), synapse-related mRNA synapsin 1 (SYN1) level to observe its effect on Rho/ROCK signaling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Edaravone can effectively inhibit the transcriptional activity of ROCK2 promoter in AD cell model, upregulate SYN1 and GAP43 protein and downregulate ROCK2. After ROCK2 overexpression, edaravone can affect SYN1 expression in AD cell model, while SYN1 expression did not change significantly after ROCK2 was silenced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Edaravone has a protective effect on AD nerve synapse damage and plays a role in repairing nerve synapse damage through ROCK2 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":"1625-1630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147619070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}