Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Zoonotic parasitic diseases in South America: why early-career researchers matter.","authors":"Carolina De Marco Verissimo","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182025100450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminths of zoonotic importance in Tayassuidae and Suidae in Brazilian Midwest: risks for human and domestic animal health.","authors":"Lizandra Fernandes-Silva, Guilherme O Maia, Bruna S Alves-Ribeiro, Zara M Assis-Silva, Georgia E S Costa, João V O A Alves, Vitória L B Silva, Ellen A Zago, Iago S Moraes, Henrique T Ferraz, Marco A O Viu, Isis A Braga, Klaus C Saturnino, Richard C Pacheco, Edson M Colodel, Thiago S Cardoso, Arnaldo Maldonado-Júnior, Dirceu G S Ramos","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182025100486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A portrait of 2 nematodes in liver of their paratenic fish hosts, illustrating different immunological approaches.","authors":"Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli, Emanuela Franchella, Flavio Pironi, Daniela Giannetto","doi":"10.1017/S003118202510053X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S003118202510053X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comparative histopathological and ultrastructural investigations were performed on the livers of 2 fish species, namely, flounder (<i>Platichthys flesus</i> (L.)) naturally infected with the nematode <i>Anisakis simplex</i> (<i>s.l.</i>) (Rudolphi, 1809) larvae (L3) and tuvira (<i>Gymnotus inaequilabiatus</i>) (Valenciennes, 1839) harbouring the nematode <i>Brevimulticaecum</i> sp. (L3) (Shikhobalova and Mozgovoi, 1952). The intensity of infection by <i>A. simplex</i> (<i>s.l.</i>) larvae (L3) in flounders ranged from 3 to 10 parasites per organ. The worms were encapsulated by the peritoneal visceral serosa on the external surface of the liver. Infected <i>P. flesus</i> livers showed hepatocyte cytoplasmic rarefaction and cell swelling. A few immune cell types, such as macrophages, limited numbers of mast cells (MCs), lymphocytes and some epithelioid cells, were observed within the granuloma. The intensity of infection by <i>Brevimulticaecum</i> sp. (L3) in <i>G. inaequilabiatus</i> ranged from 4 to over 340 larvae per organ, and the nematode larvae were encircled by round-to-oval granulomas. Each granuloma possessed 3 concentric layers of cells and tissue: an inner layer in close proximity to the <i>Brevimulticaecum</i> sp. (L3) cuticle, formed by densely packed layers of epithelioid cells showing several desmosomes between each other; a middle layer of numerous MCs entrapped in a thin fibroblast-connective mesh; and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue with thin, elongated fibroblasts. High numbers of macrophages and macrophage aggregates were scattered within the granuloma. This is the first study to compare the cellular nature of granulomas and the immune responses in the livers of paratenic fish hosts of 2 nematode species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminth fauna of the monocled cobra (<i>Naja kaouthia</i>) from central Thailand: community composition and taxonomic perspectives.","authors":"Napat Ratnarathorn, Urusa Thaenkham, Abigail Hui En Chan, Panithi Laoungbua, Tanapong Tawan, Taksa Vasaruchapong, Vachirapong Charoennitiwat, Kittipong Chaisiri","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100498","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snakes serve as important hosts for parasites at the interface of wildlife, humans and domestic animals. However, their helminth fauna in tropical regions, particularly Thailand, remains poorly documented. This study investigates the helminth fauna, community structure, infection patterns and their co-occurrence dynamics in the monocled cobra (<i>Naja kaouthia</i>) from urbanized areas of central Thailand, based on comprehensive analyses of 34 wild-caught individuals. Using integrated morphological and molecular approaches (e.g. mitochondrial 16S rRNA and <i>COI</i> gene sequencing), 11 helminth species were identified - 9 nematodes (<i>Kalicephalus bungari, Kalicephalus</i> sp. I and II, <i>Paracapillaria najae, Paracapillaria siamensis, Serpentirhabdias orientalis, Strongyloides</i> sp., a filarioid nematode and an unknown encysted nematode), 1 cestode (<i>Duthiersia expansa</i>) and 1 acanthocephalan (<i>Sphaerechinorhynchus</i> sp.) - including 2 newly described species: <i>P. siamensis</i> (infected in gastrointestinal tract) and <i>S. orientalis</i> (in respiratory tract). <i>Serpentirhabdias orientalis</i> and <i>K. bungari</i> were the most prevalent species (75.8%), while encysted nematodes exhibited the highest infection intensities (up to 500 parasites per host). Host-parasite network analysis revealed strong organ tropism in some helminth species (e.g. <i>Paracapillaria</i> spp.) and non-random co-occurrence patterns. Parasite abundance was positively correlated with host body condition, and females harboured greater species richness than males (11 vs. 8 taxa). The absence of trematodes is consistent with the host's terrestrial ecology, while the low prevalence of filarioids (3.0%) suggests limited transmission. These findings underscore the value of integrative taxonomy in revealing hidden parasite diversity and highlight ecological drivers of infection patterns in snakes, with implications for wildlife health and zoonotic risk in human-modified landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priming for protection: inducible attachment-resistance to ectoparasitic mites in <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Ashley L Webster, Michal Polak","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100437","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectoparasites are ubiquitous and are often harmful to host fitness. Whereas protective responses to ectoparasitism in vertebrate hosts are well documented, our understanding of such defences in invertebrates remains limited. Here, we examined attachment-resistance in adult <i>Drosophila</i> to their naturally co-occurring ectoparasitic mites, <i>Gamasodes pachysetis</i> (Parasitidae). Significant differences in mite attachment duration were documented among 6 species of <i>Drosophila</i>, providing evidence for interspecific differentiation in attachment-resistance. Experiments with <i>D. malerkotliana</i>, a species exhibiting a relatively high rate of mite detachment, revealed that pre-infesting flies significantly reduced mite attachment duration compared to naïve controls, indicating a priming effect. In contrast, a reduction in attachment duration was not observed in <i>D. malerkotliana</i> after experimentally wounding the abdominal cuticle. These results suggest that the priming effect is not simply a response to cuticle damage, and that its activation may depend on mite-specific factors. Eight genes were individually tested for their effects on the rate of mite detachment from adult flies by deploying the GAL4-UAS gene knockdown system in <i>D. melanogaster</i>. Knockdown of heat shock protein 70Ba (Hsp70Ba) and prophenoloxidase 2 (PPO2), which underlie general stress and melanization responses, respectively, significantly prolonged mite attachment duration, implicating their involvement in host attachment-resistance to mites. Together the results support the existence of inducible protective mechanisms mediating parasitism by mites in a naturally occurring invertebrate host-ectoparasite symbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patent <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> infection in Galapagos sea lion rookeries in San Cristóbal Island.","authors":"Carla A Culda, Rommel Lenin Vinueza, Marjorie Riofrío-Lazo, Renato Leon, Diego Páez-Rosas, Andrei Daniel Mihalca","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100425","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Galapagos sea lion (<i>Zalophus wollebaeki</i>) is an endemic and endangered species that plays a vital role in the ecosystem dynamics of the archipelago. In recent decades, they have faced a significant population decline, related to the effects of climate variability and anthropogenic influences. Thus, the co-occurrence of sea lion resting areas with mosquito breeding sites and the presence of free-roaming domestic dogs present significant health risks related to parasite transmission. This research demonstrates the occurrence of <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> (canine heartworm) in <i>Z. wollebaeki</i>, indicating their possible function as a definitive host for this parasite. Blood samples collected in August 2023 from 50 individuals (juveniles and adults) in 2 rookeries of San Cristóbal Island, revealed a 2% prevalence of <i>D. immitis</i> in juvenile females, as confirmed by Knott's test and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results of this work emphasize the critical necessity for effective monitoring and conservation strategies to address the threat posed by <i>D. immitis</i> and to safeguard this endangered species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel <i>in vitro</i> repellent bioassay to evaluate the effect of wood vinegar against louse <i>Haematopinus tuberculatus</i>.","authors":"Antonio Bosco, Giovanni Jesu, Alessandro Nappa, Emanuele Bambacaro, Giuseppe Martone, Serena Montagnaro, Francesco Vinale, Gabriele Panarello, Giuseppina Iacomino, Giuliano Bonanomi, Filip Strbac, Lavinia Ciuca, Laura Rinaldi, Giuseppe Cringoli","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025000551","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025000551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The water buffalo farm with intensive breeding techniques promotes the spread of lice (<i>Haematopinus tuberculatus</i>), leading to a reduction in meat and milk productions. Current control measures include the use of chemicals, which in the long-term lead to the development of resistance. Given the lack of alternative solutions, the aim of this study was to evaluate the repellent effect of a low impact by-product, the wood vinegar (WV), against <i>H. tuberculatus</i> using a new <i>in vitro</i> bioassay test. The test consisted of a glass Petri dishes subdivided in 3 separate areas. WV was tested at different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%). Each of the 3 replicates was performed with 10 adults, at 27 °C and 75% relative humidity. Observations were made 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after application to evaluate movement, the living/dead ratio and the ability to overcome the obstacle area of the lice, in terms of comparative avoidance (%). Additional <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity tests were performed. The test performed showed a repellent effect of 77% for the 100% WV concentration against lice of both sexes 30 min after exposure, similar (<i>P</i> < 0.05) to the repellent effect of deltamethrin (77%). The <i>in vitro</i> bioassay developed during the experiment proved to be reliable and can be used to evaluate the repellent effect of new molecules against lice before testing them <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, WV has a potential to be a valid tool for the control of buffalo pediculosis, although <i>in vivo</i> studies have to be undertaken.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular survey of taeniid cestodes with special emphasis on <i>Echinococcus</i> species in free-roaming dogs and wild carnivores in Armenia.","authors":"Hasmik Gevorgyan, Sargis A Aghayan, Alexander Malkhasyan, Manan Asikyan, Thomas Romig, Marion Wassermann","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100474","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echinococcosis, caused by cestodes of the genus <i>Echinococcus</i>, poses significant public health and veterinary concerns globally. In Armenia, cystic echinococcosis (CE) is well-documented in livestock and humans, while alveolar echinococcosis (AE) has long been considered non-endemic. However, a recent retrospective study identified human AE cases, suggesting an underestimation of the parasite's presence. To address knowledge gaps, a pilot survey was conducted to identify <i>Echinococcus</i> species and other taeniids in free-roaming dogs and wild carnivores in Armenia. Fecal samples (<i>n</i> = 112) were opportunistically collected from eight wild carnivore species and stray dogs across six Armenian provinces between 2017 and 2018. Samples were analysed for taeniid eggs using flotation and molecular techniques. <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> was identified in a free-roaming dog, marking the first confirmed detection of the parasite in a definitive host in Armenia. Additionally, <i>E. canadensis</i> G6/7 and <i>E. ortleppi</i> were detected in a wolf, while <i>E. canadensis</i> G6/7, <i>Taenia hydatigena</i>, and <i>T. laticollis</i> were found in a lynx. These findings indicate the involvement of both domestic and wild carnivores in the transmission cycles of <i>Echinococcus</i> species and suggest the presents of a potential sylvatic cycle involving <i>E. canadensis</i> G6/7 and <i>E. ortleppi</i>. The presence of <i>E. multilocularis</i> in a dog underscores the risk of human infection, necessitating further epidemiological studies. This study provides initial insights into the epidemiology of <i>Echinococcus</i> in Armenia and highlights the need for continued surveillance to assess public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the evolutionary pathways of <i>Ochoterenella</i>: a new species discovery and its phylogenetic implications.","authors":"Gabriel Lima Rebêlo, Jorge Kevin Silva Neves, Fred Gabriel Haick, Ronald Ferreira Jesus, Karina Varella, Luiz Felipe Ferreira Trindade, Leticia de Aguiar da Costa, Fabrícia de Jesus Paiva da Fonseca Sizo, Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior, Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos, Francisco Tiago Vasconcelos Melo","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100462","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ochoterenella</i> is a large group of filarial parasites of anurans distributed throughout Central and South America. In the present study, we describe a new species of <i>Ochoterenella</i> parasitizing 2 frogs, <i>Boana geographica</i> and <i>Boana multifasciata</i>, from different localities in the Brazilian Amazon. The main morphological traits that differ <i>Ochoterenella casiraghii</i> n. sp. from its congeners are the smaller body size, a shorter cephalic plate, smaller parastomal structures, and the small, short and rounded cuticular bosses on the body of both sexes. The females have a shorter ovejector, and the number of caudal papillae distinguishes males. Pairwise sequence comparisons of the new species reveal a high level of divergence from <i>Ochoterenella</i> spp. Our phylogenetic analyses, based on <i>cox1</i> and concatenated partial mitochondrial genes, support the monophyly of all subfamilies and genera examined herein. The new species represents the 17th in <i>the Ochoterenella</i> genus and a new parasite record for both anuran species. We provide the first ultrastructural description of the species in the genus and establish the phylogenetic relationships of the new species among parasites of amphibians and reptiles from the Onchocercidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and diversity of Acanthocephala in stream-dwelling amphipods (<i>Gammarus fossarum</i>) around an urban area in the eastern Alpine foothills.","authors":"Fabian Gallhammer, Jacqueline Grimm, Susanne Reier, Kristina M Sefc","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100449","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population dynamics of aquatic parasites respond to factors like host availability, habitat age and quality. Amphipods are intermediate hosts for Acanthocephala, a widespread group of parasitic worms. Acanthocephalan infections of amphipods can easily be detected, and the widespread occurrence of amphipods makes their infection status an attractive potential proxy for the ecological status of their aquatic environment, including stressors introduced by urbanization. This study investigated the prevalence and the species-level and genetic diversity of Acanthocephala in the stream amphipod <i>Gammarus fossarum</i>. The study streams cross forested, agricultural and urban landscapes in the eastern foothills of the European Alps. Parasite prevalence ranged from 0% to 8.8% and increased towards downstream reaches independent of surrounding land use. Oxford Nanopore Technology was used to sequence the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I barcoding locus to identify parasite species and assess their genetic diversity. The majority of the parasites were <i>Pomphorhynchus tereticollis</i>, which use fish as definitive hosts. Despite their relative abundance in the studied streams, their genetic diversity was low and the most common haplotype was found at all sampling sites, which might indicate population expansion. Amphipods also hosted <i>P. laevis</i> and <i>Polymorphus</i> sp. type 1, the first evidence of this cryptic species within <i>Polymorphus</i> cf. <i>minutus</i> in Austria. Genetic diversity was high in <i>Polymorphus</i> sp. type 1, possibly reflecting a large effective population size due to gene flow maintained by the avian final hosts. The low and downstream-biased prevalence suggests that definitive hosts may be a limiting factor for Acanthocephala populations in small streams.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}