Journal of Educational Sciences Research最新文献

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Beliren Yetişkinlerde Yalnızlık ile Yaşam Yönelimi Arasındaki Doğrudan ve Dolaylı İlişkiler: Sürekli Kaygının Aracılık Rolü
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2020.102.2
Öner Çeli̇kkaleli̇, Z. Karataş
{"title":"Beliren Yetişkinlerde Yalnızlık ile Yaşam Yönelimi Arasındaki Doğrudan ve Dolaylı İlişkiler: Sürekli Kaygının Aracılık Rolü","authors":"Öner Çeli̇kkaleli̇, Z. Karataş","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2020.102.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2020.102.2","url":null,"abstract":"Bu araştırmanın amacı, beliren yetişkinlerde sürekli kaygının yaşam yönelimi ile yalnızlık arasındaki ilişkide aracılık rolü üstlenip üstlenmediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla 385 üniversite öğrencisinden (133 erkek ve 252 kadın, yaş ort: 20.56, ss. 2.11) veri toplanmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Yaşam Yönelimi Ölçeği, UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, beliren yetişkinlerde yalnızlık ile yaşam yönelimi arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır. Benzer bir biçimde, yaşam yönelimi ile sürekli kaygı arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Buna karşın, yalnızlık ile sürekli kaygı arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki elde edilmiştir. Beliren yetişkinlerde sürekli kaygı puanlarının, yalnızlık ile yaşam yönelimi arasındaki ilişkide aracılık rolü üstlenip üstlenmediğine ilişkin bulgulara göre, yalnızlığın yaşam yönelimi üzerindeki doğrudan etkisinin anlamsız olduğu görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan, yalnızlığın yaşam yönelimi üzerindeki dolaylı etkisinin anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulguya dayanarak, sürekli kaygının yalnızlık ile yaşam yönelimi arasındaki ilişkide tam aracılık rolü üstlendiği söylenebilir. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazını ışığında tartışılmış ve yorumlanmıştır.","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"24 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133076111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Thematic Analysis of Theses Made in the Field of Lifelong Learning with Pre-Service Teachers (2009-2020) 职前教师终身学习领域论文专题分析(2009-2020)
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2020.102.1
Murtaza Aykaç, Davut Köğce, Perihan Korkut
{"title":"A Thematic Analysis of Theses Made in the Field of Lifelong Learning with Pre-Service Teachers (2009-2020)","authors":"Murtaza Aykaç, Davut Köğce, Perihan Korkut","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2020.102.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2020.102.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the postgraduate theses made in the field of lifelong learning with pre-service teachers between 2009 and 2020 in terms of their thesis problem, research topic, conclusions and recommendations. The 23 postgraduate theses constituting the study sample were determined by means of criterion sampling method from the Higher Education Council’s thesis database. These theses were used as data collection tools and the study was designed as a qualitative study using the document review method. The data was analyzed using content analysis. The study revealed that a significant part of the theses consisted of subjects aimed at revealing the perceptions of lifelong learning tendencies-competencies and the relationships between lifelong learning and different variables. In addition, the postgraduate theses predominantly looked at the level of lifelong learning tendencies of the pre-service teachers and whether lifelong learning competencies-tendencies differed by gender, grade levels, departments, educational status of parents, academic achievement and socio-economic levels. As a result, it was revealed that the pre-service teachers' lifelong learning tendencies were high in most of the theses and that there was a significant difference in terms of lifelong learning competence by gender. Some suggestions were made based on these results.","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127210776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Öğretim Elemanlarının Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerine Yönelik Kabulleri ve Teknostres Algıları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2019.92.1
Fatma Akgün
{"title":"Öğretim Elemanlarının Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerine Yönelik Kabulleri ve Teknostres Algıları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi","authors":"Fatma Akgün","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2019.92.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2019.92.1","url":null,"abstract":"Calismanin amaci, ogretim elemanlarinin bilgi ve iletisim teknolojilerine yonelik kabulleri ve teknostres algilarinin cesitli degiskenlere gore incelenmesidir. Calismada verilerin toplanmasi amaciyla “Teknoloji Kabul Olcegi” ve “Teknostres Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Calisma bir devlet universitesinde gorev yapmakta olan ve farkli akademik programlarda gorev yapan toplam 180 ogretim elemani ile gerceklestirilmistir. Verilerin cozumlenmesinde betimsel istatistikler, bagimsiz orneklem t-testi, tek-yonlu ANOVA testi ve degiskenler arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesi amaciyla ise Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanilmistir. Arastirmada ogretim elemanlarinin bilgi ve iletisim teknolojilerine yonelik kabullerinin yuksege yakin oldugu gorulurken, teknostres algilarinin ise orta duzeyde oldugu belirlenmistir. Bununla birlikte ogretim elemanlarinin bilgi ve iletisim teknolojilerine yonelik kabulu ve teknostres algilari ile cinsiyet, yas, uzmanlik alani ve gunluk ortalama internet kullanim suresi degiskenleri arasinda anlamli farklilik bulunmustur. Calismada ayrica, elde edilen bulgular ogretim elemanlarinin bilgi ve iletisim teknolojilerine yonelik kabulleri ve teknostres algilari arasinda negatif yonde ve orta duzeyde bir iliski oldugunu ortaya koymustur.","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"38 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125737428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Okul Müdürleri ve Öğretmenlerin Performans Değerlendirme Süreci Hakkındaki Görüşleri: Nitel Bir Araştırma
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2019.92.3
Mustafa Topuz, Kürşad Yılmaz
{"title":"Okul Müdürleri ve Öğretmenlerin Performans Değerlendirme Süreci Hakkındaki Görüşleri: Nitel Bir Araştırma","authors":"Mustafa Topuz, Kürşad Yılmaz","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2019.92.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2019.92.3","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calisma, 2015-2016 egitim ogretim yilinda ilk kez uygulanan Performans Degerlendirme Sistemine dair okul mudurleri ve ogretmenlerin goruslerini belirlemeyi amaclayan nitel bir arastirmadir. Arastirma kapsaminda 2016-2017 egitim ogretim yilinda Kutahya il merkezinde farkli egitim kademelerinde gorev yapan 22 okul muduru ve 22 ogretmen ile performans degerlendirme sistemine dair hazirlanan sorular dogrultusunda gorusmeler gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmada temel nitel arastirma deseni kullanilmistir Arastirmada okul mudurlerinin ve ogretmenlerin performans degerlendirme sureci hakkindaki gorusleri betimleyici bir yaklasim izlenerek ortaya koyulmustur. Performans degerlendirme sureci katilimcilarin cogunlugu tarafindan kabul gordugu tespit edilmis, performans degerlendirme sistemine yonelik elestiri ve oneriler elde edilen bulgular dogrultusunda yorumlanmistir.","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124210678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Relations between Reading Comprehension and Reading Fluency: Their Reciprocal Roles as an Indicator and Predictor 阅读理解与阅读流畅性的关系:二者互为指示和预测因子
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2019.92.2
Kasım Yıldırım, Seyit Ateş, Fatih Çetin Çetinkaya, Dudu Kaya Tosun
{"title":"The Relations between Reading Comprehension and Reading Fluency: Their Reciprocal Roles as an Indicator and Predictor","authors":"Kasım Yıldırım, Seyit Ateş, Fatih Çetin Çetinkaya, Dudu Kaya Tosun","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2019.92.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2019.92.2","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, we aimed to explore the relations between reading comprehension and reading fluency and their connections with each other as an indicator and a predictor. For this overall aim, a total of 100 students from the seventh-grade level were enrolled. This research took place in the fall semester, 2015, in Turkey’s Denizli province. The participants from all grade levels were willing and available to take part in the present study. Informed consent letters were obtained from all of the participants and their parents or guardians. The participants were relatively homogenous and of middle socioeconomic (SES) status. They ranged in age from 13 through 15 years. For the measures of fluency, components were taken from students’ oral reading of the same texts including narrative and expository according to grade levels. After then, the students’ reading comprehension levels were assessed. Every comprehension test for the grade levels included a narrative text and an expository text, and 12 questions were prepared for every text, six of which were literal and another five of which were inferential. The path analyses were used to identify the relations between reading fluency and reading comprehension. According to the results of the research, some recommendations were given.","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132101330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Views of Elementary School Teachers Regarding to Inclusive Education 小学教师对全纳教育的看法
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2019.91.1
Bülent Döş, Tayyar Tutsoy, Ökkeş Oflaz
{"title":"Views of Elementary School Teachers Regarding to Inclusive Education","authors":"Bülent Döş, Tayyar Tutsoy, Ökkeş Oflaz","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2019.91.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2019.91.1","url":null,"abstract":"Despite special classrooms and educational programs were developed for special need students in 19.century, it is believed that inclusion of special need students and normal students is more effective now. Inclusive education is carried on in elemantary schools with elemantary school teachers and many problems occuring. The aim of this study was to examine the views of elemantary school teachers about inclusive education. The data was collected with interview and the data analyzed with content analysis method. Five of teachers from a state school in Gaziantep participated to the study. It is found that when family interested with special need student, so as teachers were interested with these students. The study also found that parents and teachers have lack of detailed knowledge about inclusion and also measurement and evaluation not carried out seriously","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130811461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of Nonverbal Proof Skills of Preservice Mathematics Teachers’: A Case Study 职前数学教师非语言证明能力调查:个案研究
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2019.91.2
Handan Demircioğlu
{"title":"Investigation of Nonverbal Proof Skills of Preservice Mathematics Teachers’: A Case Study","authors":"Handan Demircioğlu","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2019.91.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2019.91.2","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of both proof and visualization has been frequently emphasized in mathematics education. Visual proof or nonverbal proofs are defined as diagrams or illustrations that help us to see why a mathematical expression is correct, and how to begin to prove the accuracy of this statement. The aim of this research is to examine nonverbal proof skills of preservice mathematics teachers. The study was carried out with case studies, one of the qualitative research designs. The participants of the study consisted of 53 preservice mathematics teachers at a state university in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The data were collected with a sample of three nonverbal proof samples directed to preservice teachers. The analysis of the data classified the preservice teachers’ responses according to their similarities and differences. The findings showed that preservice teachers generally associate images with geometric figures. In addition, it was also seen that those who saw the visual relationship between the given visual and mathematical expression used it to show the expression as correct instead of proofing the visual.","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117120411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Relationship between Teachers’ Structural and Psychological Empowerment and their Autonomy 教师结构与心理赋权与教师自主性的关系
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2018.82.3
Yılmaz İlker Yorulmaz, İ. Çolak, Aycan Cicek Saglam
{"title":"The Relationship between Teachers’ Structural and Psychological Empowerment and their Autonomy","authors":"Yılmaz İlker Yorulmaz, İ. Çolak, Aycan Cicek Saglam","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2018.82.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2018.82.3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between teachers’ structural and psychological empowerment and their autonomy. This study was designed in the survey model. The research population consisted of teachers working at elementary, lower and upper secondary schools in the Mentese district of Mugla city, Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 325 teachers selected by using disproportionate cluster sampling technique. The Teacher Structural Empowerment Scale, Psychological Empowerment Scale, and Teacher Autonomy Scale were used as the data collection instruments. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the research, teachers’ structural empowerment was above medium level. Teachers had a high level of psychological empowerment and of general autonomy. Structural empowerment explained 47% of teacher autonomy on its own. Including psychological empowerment, it provided a 6% contribution to the model. Autonomy-supportive environment, facilitative school environment, and participatory decision-making environment dimensions of structural empowerment, together with individual empowerment and relational empowerment of psychological empowerment were found to be the meaningful predictors of teacher autonomy.","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130760004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Problems of Vocational Education and Evaluation of Solution Seeking: A Meta-Synthesis Study 职业教育问题与寻求解决方案的评价:一项元综合研究
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.22521/JESR.2018.82.1
Mehmet Aydın Sağlık, Necdet Aykaç
{"title":"Problems of Vocational Education and Evaluation of Solution Seeking: A Meta-Synthesis Study","authors":"Mehmet Aydın Sağlık, Necdet Aykaç","doi":"10.22521/JESR.2018.82.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/JESR.2018.82.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to examine studies which researched problems in vocational education and evaluation of solution proposals by using meta-synthesis method. Data were reached by searching for “vocational education, vocational education problems, vocational education problems and seeking solutions and vocational education in Turkey” from the Turkish Higher Education Board National Thesis Center, and from the Google Scholar and (Turkish Academic Network and Information Center) databases. A total of 54 studies (5 Doctoral dissertations, 11 Master’s theses, 30 articles, and 8 reports) were compiled based on criteria determined for studies to be included in the research. The included studies were analyzed according to thematic synthesis approach, which is one of the meta-synthesis methods. Frequency tables of problems and suggestions about vocational education were established by examining the studies. Accordingly, problem titles and solution proposal titles were then categorized as main themes and subthemes and then interpreted. As a result of this study, it was observed that vocational education in Turkey faces some problems, especially with regard to education and training structure, legal regulation structure, technological and physical substructure, economic and social structure, and educational management","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122237515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychological Resilience and Coping Strategies of High School Students Based on Certain Variables 基于某些变量的高中生心理弹性与应对策略
Journal of Educational Sciences Research Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.22521/jesr.2018.82.2
Sıla Şahin, Zerrin Benal Hepsöğütlü
{"title":"Psychological Resilience and Coping Strategies of High School Students Based on Certain Variables","authors":"Sıla Şahin, Zerrin Benal Hepsöğütlü","doi":"10.22521/jesr.2018.82.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22521/jesr.2018.82.2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to analyze psychological resilience levels and of coping strategies of high school students in terms of certain variables, and the relationship between coping strategies and psychological resilience. The study group of the research consisted of 229 Anatolian High School students in Turkey. The data of the research was collected using the Child and Teenager Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Teenagers' Coping Skills Scale. The data was analyzed using t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis H test. According to the findings, the students have good psychological resilience, although they did not show the same results in active coping strategies. The psychological resilience of the students did not show any significant difference based on their gender, income or education levels of their parents, or the marital status of their parents; also, the students’ coping strategies did not show any significant difference based on their gender, class level, preschool education, income, or education levels of their father. It was found that when the class level increased, psychological resilience decreased; with regard to the 12th grade students’ ages, this result was considered notable. Students who had limited preschool education appear disadvantaged compared to those who had no preschool education or those who received it continuously (with no breaks). Students whose mothers attended primary school or were high school graduates used active coping strategies more than those whose mothers held an undergraduate degree. Students whose parents were divorced, on the other hand, tended to use avoidance strategies. A medium-level, positive relationship was found between psychological resilience and active coping, and a medium-level, negative relationship was found between psychological resilience and negative coping. In this sense, students of the 12th grade should be educated about active coping in order to strengthen their psychological resilience","PeriodicalId":199587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Educational Sciences Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133279094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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