{"title":"Analog Networks for Word Association","authors":"V. Giuliano","doi":"10.1109/TME.1963.4323077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1963.4323077","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the use of analog electrical networks for the automatic recognition of statistical word associations present in written English text. A general mathematical theory is proposed for the association of linguistic units by means of linear transformations, and it is shown that this theory can be realized through use of passive electrical networks. Small-scale and experimental associative networks have in fact been built for information retrieval applications. These devices generate measures of association among index terms used to characterize a document collection, and between the index terms and the documents themselves. Roughly speaking, measures of two distinct types of linguistic association can thus be generated-\"synonymy\" association, which reflects similarity of meaning, and \"contiguity\" association which reflects relationships among designates.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125156918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Pattern Recognition Function of Integral Geometry","authors":"G. Tenery","doi":"10.1109/TME.1963.4323072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1963.4323072","url":null,"abstract":"A function of integral geometry, called the PF image transformation, which is characteristic of the shape of an optical image falling on a viewing retina is defined. Machine programming of the image transformation has been accomplished. Results of the machine computation of the function for a set of random imagery are displayed. It is demonstrated that the transformation yields automatic recognition of general imagery both as to class and as to discrimination between members of the same class.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"377 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131842417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognition of Sounds by Cochlear Patterns","authors":"W. F. Caldwell","doi":"10.1109/TME.1963.4323069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1963.4323069","url":null,"abstract":"An electrical analog of the human ear has been developed to provide real-time cochlear patterns of subjective loudness along the basilar membrane. Resulting spatial patterns may be analogous to those found in the auditory centers of the central nervous system. It is hypothesized that cochlear pattern shapes are of primary importance in the recognition of sound. It is further hypothesized that the cochlea performs a partial analysis of the sound and that the higher analysis centers of the central nervous system perform additional analyses. Concepts and processes of analysis and recognition are developed. Analysis is discussed from the viewpoint of an information mapping process in a multidimensional space. Recognition is discussed as a process of locating unknown points (patterns) in multidimensional space by relative measures to known points. An experiment is described which demonstrates the similarity in recognition between the human and the analog using a recognition function based on cross correlation.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131000629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large Artificial Nerve Net (LANNET)","authors":"D. Guinn","doi":"10.1109/TME.1963.4323078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1963.4323078","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes the implementation of a high speed self-organizing system based on the reinforcement principle. The self-organizing binary logical network is used as the primary component in the system. The learning system is a 1024 decision element netwolk with a general purpose program to enable the operator to simulate a large number of problems to study machine learning. The simulation of a maze runner problem and the results of some preliminary machine evaluation are presented. The system was developed for the Aeronautical Systems Division's Electronic Technology Laboratory to study complex biological problems.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123938852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Random Processes in Control and Communications","authors":"R. Drenick","doi":"10.1109/TME.1963.4323091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1963.4323091","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past three centuries, the application of mathematics to physics has produced some of the deepest insights into the nature of the universe and into the limitations of human knowledge. Recent indications are that similar insights may come of the application of mathematics to engineering. This article is an account of the field in which this seems to be happening. It surveys the main results of information theory, and of related theories, from the point of view which is likely to become useful in this connection. This article was written originally for the audience of Science, a publication chiefly for persons of nonengineering background. It is reprinted here at the suggestion of the Editor of these TRANSACTIONS, in the hope that it will be diverting, and perhaps also instructive, to an audience of engineers.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131466506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radar Frequency Modulations for Accelerating Targets under a Bandwidth Constraint","authors":"F. Schweppe","doi":"10.1109/TME.1965.4323172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1965.4323172","url":null,"abstract":"An optimum frequency modulation for estimating the range, range rate, and range acceleration of a moving target is derived. The criterion of optimality is based on the estimate variances which are evaluated under the following assumptions: 1) additive white Gaussian observation noise, 2) high signal-to-noise ratio, 3) maximum-likelihood processing (matched filters), 4) RF phase used only for the range rate and range acceleration, and 5) carrier frequency much larger than the signal bandwidth. The choice of frequency modulation is constrained by the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. A large time-bandwidth product is assumed. The optimum frequency modulation consists of three appropriately placed frequency jumps between the limits imposed by the bandwidth constraint. This optimum modulation is compared with a third degree, power law modulation. The derivation of the optimum, originally done using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, leads to the following very simple design principle; the optimum modulation is orthogonal to the target's motion.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115588825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Differential Analyzers vs General Purpose Digital Computers for Schuler-Tuned Inertial Navigation Systems","authors":"C. Edge","doi":"10.1109/TME.1963.4323037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1963.4323037","url":null,"abstract":"A pure Schuler-tuned terrestrial inertial navigator with polar mode capability is considered. The general computing requirements for digital mechanizations are outlined and pertinent characteristics for digital differential analyzers (DDA) and general purpose (GP) digital computers are listed. Factors involved in choosing between the two, and combinations thereof, are discussed, It is concluded that the addition of a DDA section for complete or partial performance of the inertial navigation function provides no advantage for the faster GP digital computers available for airborne inertial navigation, but might well be advantageous for a very slow GP digital computer.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126116388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solution of the Free-Fall Guidance and Control Problem in N-Body Space","authors":"Manuel Fernandez","doi":"10.1109/TME.1963.4323034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1963.4323034","url":null,"abstract":"The solution of the free-fall guidance and control problem in an inverse-square central force field is treated as an introduction. Circular, elliptical, parabolic and hyperbolic trajectories are covered. Consideration of the control problem (steering and thrust cutoff signals) is applied to the case of a rocket where only the direction of the thrust vector and thrust cutoff are controllable. Consideration is given to the energy aspects, and to launch and atmospheric conditions as they affect guidance and control. These techniques are then extended to the solution of the free-fall guidance problem in N-body space. In this latter category, Bonnet's Theorem, as extended by Egorov, is covered to show its application to the solution of the N-body problem by superimposing solutions of the inverse-square central force field problem. The theorem is applied to treat the problem of finding possible conic trajectories in two-body space. The problem of finding possible conic and nonconic trajectories in three-body space is also covered and a solution to the guidance problem for these trajectories is included. The libration points of the N-body problem are treated as special cases of the solutions discussed. The equations discussed are valid for a vehicle of negligible mass acted upon by forces due only to N inverse-square central force fields. No attempt has been made to cover the effects of noninverse-square central force fields, although Bonnet's Theorem can be applied to constrained trajectories such as those that will be made possible with a continuous low thrust vehicle.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"MIL-7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129425960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and Optimization of Laser Ranging Techniques","authors":"G. Flint","doi":"10.1109/TME.1964.4323107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1964.4323107","url":null,"abstract":"The general criteria for the operational performance of laser ranging systems are considered in quantitative terms with emphasis being placed on the optimization of systems which must meet specific operational requirements. The entire range-determining process is discussed on a statistical basis and the target detection capabilities of a system are defined in terms of the relative probabilities of recording real and false targets. Within this analysis appears a detailed discussion of all contributing noise sources, these being reduced to a fundamental noise source for two specific systems which transmit at different frequencies. A comparison is then made between the relative power requirements of the two systems performing the same task. In the case of some pulsed gas lasers, the pulse duration is somewhat long, thus necessitating a compromise between range resolution and maximum range capability. The relationship between these parameters is discussed in detail. In addition, a technique is proposed whereby the resolution is varied as a function of target return. This technique employs a multiple pulse transmitter and automatically optimizes its resolution and range capabilities.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127330973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matched-Filter Theory for High-Velocity, Accelerating Targets","authors":"E. J. Kelly, R. Wishner","doi":"10.1109/TME.1965.4323176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1965.4323176","url":null,"abstract":"Two modifications of the conventional radar theory of matched filters and ambiguity functions are discussed. The first modification is to make the theory valid for high-velocity targets and wide-band signals, and the second is to include the effects of acceleration. The ability of a radar to measure target acceleration has previously been discussed in terms of measurement accuracy for isolated targets. This paper is concerned with the form of data processing necessary for the measurement and with the effects of acceleration on the clutter problem.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117149371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}