Petroleum Science最新文献

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the mechanisms of fluid pressure drop induced by rod centralizer in progressing cavity pump wellbore annulus","authors":"De-Long Yu,&nbsp;Hu-Kun Yang,&nbsp;Zhao-Hui Feng,&nbsp;Wei Song,&nbsp;Xia-Nan Miao,&nbsp;Yan-Chun Li,&nbsp;Guang-Zheng Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To elucidate the pressure drop characteristics and underlying mechanisms induced by a rod centralizer in a progressing cavity pump (PCP) wellbore annulus, a CFD-based multiphase flow numerical model of the wellbore annulus with a rod centralizer was developed. The centralizer's flow-induced rotation was simulated by Six-DOF solver, and pressure drop was computed. Entropy production theory and the Liutex criterion were applied to characterize energy dissipation and vortex distributions. Results indicate that, within the operating range, inlet velocity is the dominant factor governing pressure drop, with an independent contribution of 97.37%. More than 60% of the total pressure loss occurs in the centralizer annulus region. Entropy production components were quantified. The time-averaged component accounts for more than 50% of the total; with increasing inlet velocity, its fraction decreases, whereas the turbulent component fraction increases and the wall component fraction changes only marginally. Vortices were found to cluster in high entropy production regions, indicating that local vortex accumulation triggered by abrupt geometric transitions and flow-induced rotation of the centralizer is a primary cause of increased pressure loss. These findings advance the understanding of pressure drop mechanisms and flow field characteristics in PCP wellbores and provide insights for pressure drop prediction and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6779-6795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on hydraulic fracture propagation in anisotropic shale considering bedding plane characteristics","authors":"Cheng Hu,&nbsp;Jun-Peng Zou,&nbsp;Yu-Yong Jiao,&nbsp;Hong-Fei Duan,&nbsp;Quan Zhang,&nbsp;Xue-Feng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China possesses abundant shale gas resources. As the core method for enhancing shale gas production, hydraulic fracturing technology has seen increasing application alongside the rapid development of the industry. However, the inherent strong anisotropy of shale results in significant differences in mechanical properties between parallel and perpendicular bedding directions, leading to highly complex crack propagation patterns. This study employs the discrete element method (DEM) to construct numerical models of hydraulic fracturing in shale under varying bedding inclinations. It systematically investigates the hydraulic fracture propagation behavior in bedding shale and quantitatively analyses the effects of <em>in-situ</em> stress conditions and injection rates on crack propagation characteristics and failure modes. The results indicate that the stress distribution calculated by the isotropic DEM model aligns well with the analytical solution, validating the modelʼs reliability. Hydraulic fractures initiate in regions with negative tangential stresses around the wellbore and primarily propagate along bedding planes. The state of <em>in-situ</em> stress significantly influences crack morphology. As the lateral pressure coefficient <em>K</em>₀ decreases, the maximum crack propagation length decreased from 114.48 to 92.95 mm, yet interlayer propagation intensifies. The propagation direction increasingly aligns with the direction of maximum principal stress, thereby promoting the development of secondary cracks and increasing the complexity of the fracture network. Increasing the injection rate can significantly enhance maximum crack propagation length from 105.41 to 126.19 mm, reduce fracture tortuosity and roughness, and induce fracture branching to form complex fracture networks. Analysis of micro-failure modes reveals that hydraulic fracturing in shale is dominated by tensile failure. Notably, a decrease in <em>K</em>₀ or an increase in injection rate drives a transition in the failure mechanism from a “bedding-dominated” to a “matrix-dominated” regime, characterized by a marked increase in the proportion of matrix tensile failures. These findings provide theoretical support for optimizing fracturing parameters and enhancing reservoir stimulation efficiency in shale gas reservoirs within the Sichuan region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6395-6410"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physics-informed adaptive radial basis neural network (PIARNN) for fractured horizontal well simulation","authors":"Hai-Feng Zhu,&nbsp;Zhi-Ming Chen,&nbsp;Chen-Xin Huang,&nbsp;Wei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.07.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.07.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multistage fractured horizontal wells are widely applied to develop low-permeability reservoirs, where precise numerical simulation plays a vital role in reservoir management. However, the governing equations of such fractured systems exhibit strong nonlinearity and are typically solved using the Newton–Raphson method. This approach requires repeated assembly and inversion of large Jacobian matrices, resulting in prohibitive computational cost. Recently, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising approach for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. Nevertheless, most existing PINN-based methods focus on vertical well scenarios and directly learn the full pressure field, which limits computational efficiency. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a physics-informed adaptive radial basis neural network (PIARNN) for fractured horizontal wells simulation. The method achieves Newton-level accuracy without explicit Jacobian computation. Specifically, the Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) is discretized and incorporated into the loss function to impose physical constraints. An adaptive factor is introduced, and a dual-branch architecture is designed to independently characterize matrix and fracture pressure dynamics. Furthermore, radial basis functions are used for feature mapping, and model learns pressure increments at the next time step to approximate the Newton iteration updates. Three reservoir cases are used for model validation. The results demonstrate that PIARNN can accurately predict pressure fields and bottomhole pressure responses with errors stabilized at the order of 10⁻⁵. The model exhibits adaptability to both hydraulic fractures and discrete natural fractures. Compared with existing PINN and PICNN methods, PIARNN achieves higher accuracy and superior stability in complex fracture systems. This study provides a promising alternative to traditional Newton-based solvers for nonlinear seepage problems in low-permeability reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6542-6557"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagenetic origins of low resistivity pays in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs: Insights from petrology, hydrochemistry, and machine learning","authors":"Yu-Xi Sun,&nbsp;Liang Chen,&nbsp;Yuan Qi,&nbsp;Han-Cheng Ji,&nbsp;Yi-Ping He,&nbsp;Yan-Qing Shi,&nbsp;Si-Cong Wang,&nbsp;Shuang-Qi Feng,&nbsp;Bo-Yuan Zhao,&nbsp;Ru-Feng Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.07.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.07.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-permeability sandstone reservoirs containing low resistivity pays (LRPs) are widely encountered within the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area, Ordos Basin, China. The resistivity of these reservoirs can be as low as 2·Ω m, leading to misinterpretation by conventional logging methods. Previous studies have primarily focused on resultant factors such as conductive minerals and clay minerals. However, how different diagenetic processes couple and control low resistivity remains unclear. This study focuses on the Chang 2 interval of the Yanchang Formation, integrating petrology, hydrochemistry, and machine learning (ML) to address these challenges. Results reveal that compaction-induced concentration of formation water and feldspar dissolution are critical controls on LRP formation. Dissolution processes not only release ions such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻, increasing formation water salinity, but also produce authigenic clay minerals like kaolinite, which obstruct pore throats and trap highly saline irreducible water, significantly reducing reservoir resistivity. Additionally, dissolution generates larger pores (diameter &gt;10 μm), enabling more stable conductive networks and further lowering resistivity. In terms of fluid identification, the two newly constructed fluid-sensitive parameters exhibit strong explanatory capability, and the RF-PFN model outperforms other ML methods in distinguishing fluid properties. Prediction case studies show that LRPs preferentially develop in areas characterized by higher sandstone content, high porosity, and intensive dissolution effects. These findings provide critical insights and practical frameworks for evaluating and predicting similar low-permeability sandstone reservoirs worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6092-6107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two robust weighted Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin methods for scalar wavefield modeling","authors":"Si-Biao Zhu,&nbsp;Jian-Dong Huang,&nbsp;Ding-Hui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing fast, efficient forward modeling methods with low numerical dispersion is an important research topic in computational geophysics. The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method shows advantages in suppressing numerical dispersion and supporting flexible meshing, but it faces the disadvantage of slow computation. To accelerate the simulation, one strategy is to relax the CFL condition, thereby allowing larger time steps. Based on the weighted Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (WRK-DG) method, in which WRK is the time discretization scheme and DG the spatial discretization scheme, we propose two robust WRK time discretization schemes: the coefficient-optimized WRK scheme and the stepwise computation-reduced WRK scheme. These schemes are incorporated into the original DG spatial framework for the efficient solution of the scalar wave equation. In addition, our proposed methods include both the numerical flux-based DG method and the penalty function-based DG method. We establish the numerical stability conditions of these schemes and analyze the numerical dispersion characteristics for <em>P</em>¹–<em>P</em>⁵ elements on rectangular meshes. The results show that the two new methods increase the maximum CFL condition numbers and can effectively suppress numerical dispersion. For the numerical flux-based DG method, compared with the third-order RKDG method, the CFL condition number of the coefficient-optimized WRK-DG method is more than three times larger, and the CFL number of the stepwise computation-reduced WRK-DG method is 1.68–2.1 times larger. For the penalty-based DG method, the coefficient-optimized WRK-DG scheme yields a CFL condition number approximately 2.5 times larger than the third-order RKDG method, while the stepwise computation-reduced WRK-DG scheme achieves CFL numbers about 2.16 times larger. Meanwhile, our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed DG methods can greatly improve the computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6207-6220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OFC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1995-8226(26)00608-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1995-8226(26)00608-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Page OFC"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online residual correction and hybrid modeling framework for cross-regional rate-of-penetration prediction","authors":"Xiao-Yang Li,&nbsp;Zong-Jie Mu,&nbsp;Pan-Pan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhe-Hua Yang,&nbsp;Yu-Xuan Zhao,&nbsp;Lian-Feng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In oil and gas drilling, the mechanical rate of penetration (ROP) is a key indicator of drilling efficiency, and its optimization is crucial for reducing drilling costs and shortening operational cycles. However, owing to the complexity and variability of formation conditions, as well as the diversity of drilling parameters and mechanical tool states, the existing ROP-prediction models often exhibit poor generalization across different regions. To address this issue, a cross-regional adaptive adjustment framework is constructed, which explicitly decouples global stable patterns from local dynamic disturbances to achieve high-precision ROP prediction. Multiregional historical drilling data are used to pretrain deep-learning models (ResNet and FTTransformer), establishing a high-accuracy offline baseline prediction. An online-trained gradient-boosting tree model (LightGBM) then captures regional variations and predicts the discrepancies between the current formation, drilling parameters, and tool conditions, in real time, relative to historical data, for residual correction. The baseline predictions and residual corrections are finally fed into a multilayer perceptron for nonlinear fusion, allowing the magnitudes of residual corrections to adapt dynamically to the real-time operating conditions, thereby enhancing the model's adaptability in new regions. This method is trained on historical data from four ultradeep wells and validated through simulations on an independent deep well. Results show that the offline model achieves a coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>²) of 0.9585, root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.98 m/h, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.90 m/h on the test well. Incorporating online residual correction further improves the performance to an <em>R</em>² of 0.9695, RMSE of 5.13 m/h, and MAE of 1.67 m/h. These results demonstrate strong generalization ability under cross-regional and multicondition scenarios, providing effective technical support for real-time ROP prediction and drilling-parameter optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6319-6340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An isotope-free transient kinetic approach to probe reactivity during the oxidative scission of ketones over VOX/ γ-Al2O3","authors":"Si-Wen Wang,&nbsp;Ya-Qin Tang,&nbsp;Ran Zhu,&nbsp;Jesse Q. Bond","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the oxidative scission mechanism of carbonyl compounds over alumina-supported vanadium oxides has been extensively studied, quantifying surface kinetic parameters under steady-state conditions remains challenging with conventional techniques such as temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). In this work, we establish an isotope-free transient kinetic approach to investigate the oxidative scission of ketones over VO_<em>X</em>/γ-Al₂O₃ with surface vanadium loadings ranging from 0.03 to 8 V·nm⁻². Before kinetic measurement, the materials were characterized by Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy. Vanadium species on the inert support were found to exist as isolated tetrahedral VO₄ units at loadings below 0.8 V·nm⁻², polymeric vanadate networks (V–O–V) at 0.8–4 V·nm⁻², and crystalline V₂O₅ appearing only above monolayer coverage (≥8 V·nm⁻²). Two unlabeled ketones with similar structures were selected as probe reactants, enabling the determination of key kinetic parameters, including the quantity of surface intermediate, mean residence time, surface coverage, and site time yield. The transient profiles revealed two distinct turnover regimes. Specifically, rapid turnover sites were responsible for aldehyde and acid production, and slow turnover was associated with the delayed desorption of unreacted 5-nonanone. Correlating the microkinetic parameter with spectroscopic characterization demonstrated that polymeric vanadate species render the catalyst with the highest oxidative scission activity and site time yields, whereas isolated VO₄ units and V₂O₅ can limit the reactivity. The isotope-free transient approach provides a reliable methodology for quantifying microkinetic parameters under steady-state conditions and offers mechanistic insights into structure-reactivity relationships in VO_<em>X</em>/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6819-6831"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience simulation and optimization of China's crude oil supply chain under geopolitical disruptions","authors":"Jing-Ye Liu,&nbsp;Shuang-Shuang Long,&nbsp;Feng-Qi Guo,&nbsp;Huan-Huan He,&nbsp;Ri-Jia Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.07.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.07.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recurring geopolitical disruptions have intensified uncertainty in international energy supply chains, making supply chain resilience a critical dimension of energy security. Although China is a major crude oil importer, the resilience of its crude oil supply chain (COSC) has received limited attention. This study employs a coupled system dynamics and input-output model to simulate COSC resilience under geopolitical disruptions and identifies priority emergency response strategies for the gasoline, diesel, and kerosene supply chains by evaluating the recovery capacity and cost-effectiveness of alternative emergency measure combinations. Results show that releasing 10% of the strategic petroleum reserve and 10% of refined oil inventories provides a baseline response but cannot fully offset severe import disruptions. Under the Middle East conflict scenario, which causes a 47% crude oil import shortfall lasting 180 days, upstream measures are generally more cost-effective than downstream ones. Full recovery requires upstream measures plus gasoline export reduction and consumption compression for gasoline, upstream measures plus diesel consumption compression and emergency diesel import for diesel, and either kerosene export reduction alone or upstream measures plus emergency kerosene import for kerosene, with the latter showing better cost-effectiveness. Under the Strait of Malacca blockade scenario, which causes a 73.5% crude oil import shortfall, gasoline and diesel require inventory-release caps of 39% and 27%, respectively, whereas kerosene can be restored through a targeted second-stage combination. These findings suggest that strengthening COSC resilience requires prioritizing upstream supply-support measures, enhancing reserve governance flexibility, adopting differentiated strategies for refined oil products, diversifying import sources and maritime routes, and developing a real-time risk early-warning and emergency decision-support platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6852-6871"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fracture filling states on acid transport and conductivity in deep carbonates","authors":"Yao-Yao Sun,&nbsp;Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Guang Wu,&nbsp;Gen-Sheng Li,&nbsp;Zhong-Wei Huang,&nbsp;Jian-Ye Mou,&nbsp;Zi-Xiao Xie,&nbsp;Wen-Chao Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acid fracturing is a key stimulation method for deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs, where extreme temperature-stress conditions and pervasive natural fractures frequently compromise treatment effectiveness. Natural fractures act as competing flow pathways that divert and consume acid, reducing etching efficiency and limiting fracture conductivity. To address this challenge, this study establishes a geology-engineering integrated framework that links multi-scale fracture characterization with high-temperature (150 °C), high-stress (0 to 80 MPa) acidizing experiments. Geological characterization, combining 2D petrography and 3D fracture reconstruction, reveals abundant high-angle fractures with variable mineral fillings (quartz, calcite, and clay). Based on their distinct physicochemical reactivity with acid, natural fractures are classified into three engineering-relevant types: reactive-filled fractures (RFF), inert-filled fractures (IFF), and open-conduit fractures (OCF). Correspondingly, acid transport exhibits three interference modes: deflection (RFF; controlled by coupled acid–carbonate reaction and gas effects), obstruction (IFF; dominated by siliceous mechanical blocking), and bifurcation (OCF; controlled by physical leak-off). Experimental results demonstrate that etch-induced mass loss follows OCF &gt; IFF &gt; RFF, whereas effective acid penetration distance follows the reverse trend (RFF &gt; IFF &gt; OCF), indicating that high acid consumption does not equate to effective utilization. Dolomite samples develop higher surface roughness (JRC) and show stronger sensitivity of conductivity to fracture filling type, while limestone exhibits uniformly low JRC and conductivity due to its more homogeneous dissolution. These findings clarify the mechanistic role of natural fracture fillings in acid transport and fracture conductivity and provide a quantitative basis for designing acid fracturing treatments in fractured deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6354-6377"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}