Petroleum SciencePub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.013
Si-Yuan Wang, Ying Hu, Xu-Ping Chen, Hui Chen
{"title":"The energy-concentrated transform for gas-bearing reservoir identification","authors":"Si-Yuan Wang, Ying Hu, Xu-Ping Chen, Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying gas-bearing reservoirs remains challenging in seismic exploration because the time-frequency (TF) response of seismic signals is often complex and difficult to interpret. Newly developed TF post-processing methods enhance the energy concentration of traditional TF spectra, yielding a peak-shaped TF representation. However, such a representation may overlook the inherent time-width and bandwidth of seismic wavelets, limiting a comprehensive characterization of abnormal TF responses. To address this issue, this paper proposes an energy-concentrated transform (ECT) within the Wigner-Ville distribution framework. The ECT uses the second-order central moments of the local energy distribution to concentrate the diffused energy into the relevant TF interval, rather than reassigning the energy to the centroid as existing TF post-processing methods do. This approach not only concentrates the diffuse TF energy but also preserves essential time-width and bandwidth features important for geological interpretation. Its theoretical foundation is validated, demonstrating consistency with the Morlet wavelet spectrum. Numerical tests show that the ECT exhibits low sensitivity to window length and has strong noise robustness. Furthermore, field seismic data indicate that the ECT provides a clearer TF distribution, enabling the reliable identification of gas-bearing reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6174-6187"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in nanomaterial-enhanced thermal conductivity of drilling fluids: Current status and future perspectives","authors":"Hao Yan, Zi-Qing Liu, Na-Na Song, Kai-He Lv, Jin-Sheng Sun, Chao-Zheng Liu, Mei-Chun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.07.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.07.056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient heat transfer from the downhole environment to the surface is a key function of drilling fluids, essential for cooling drill bits and maintaining tool reliability. Enhancing the thermal conductivity of drilling fluids is an effective strategy to improve heat dissipation and support deep oil and gas development. Nanomaterials, owing to their nanoscale dimensions, large specific surface area, and high intrinsic thermal conductivity, have shown strong potential for improving drilling fluid thermal management. Recent studies demonstrate that incorporating nanomaterials can significantly increase drilling fluid thermal conductivity and enhance wellbore cooling efficiency during circulation. This review provides a systematic summary of advances in nanomaterial-enhanced drilling fluid heat-transfer performance, covering: (1) heat-transfer mechanisms during drilling; (2) high-temperature impacts on drilling fluid properties, wellbore stability, and tool reliability; (3) thermal-conductivity characteristics of nanomaterials and governing factors; (4) reported enhancement using diverse nanomaterials; and (5) underlying heat-transfer mechanisms. Findings indicate that one-dimensional (e.g., carbon nanotubes) and two-dimensional nanomaterials (e.g., graphene) are more effective in improving thermal conductivity than zero-dimensional nanomaterials. Moreover, enhancing thermal conductivity is generally more effective in water-based drilling fluids due to easier nanoparticle dispersion and lower interfacial thermal resistance, whereas oil-based fluids require extensive surface modification of nanomaterials and usually achieve comparatively smaller improvements. Critical challenges include improving nanomaterial dispersibility and stability under harsh conditions, balancing thermal-transfer enhancement with rheological and filtration performance, and addressing economic and environmental considerations. Future research should focus on hybrid-structure design, integration of low-dimensional nanomaterials, development of responsive intelligent additives, and exploration of sustainable bio-based options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6698-6722"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petroleum SciencePub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.020
Xue-Ying Wang, Ming Liu, Jian-Min Wang, Wei Li, Fei-Fei Zhang
{"title":"Downhole vibration recognition using a wavelet transform based convolutional neural network model","authors":"Xue-Ying Wang, Ming Liu, Jian-Min Wang, Wei Li, Fei-Fei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe downhole drill-string vibrations can accelerate fatigue damage, leading to substantial economic losses and increased non-productive time. Existing vibration monitoring approaches typically rely on multiple high-cost downhole sensors, which has hindered their widespread deployment in field operations. This work presents a real-time vibration monitoring approach based solely on acceleration measurements and machine-learning techniques. Radial and tangential acceleration signals are generated using a rotor dynamics model and transformed into time–frequency scalograms via continuous wavelet transform. Among various whirl modes, backward whirl is recognized as the most damaging to drilling tools and wellbore integrity. Accordingly, vibration events are classified into backward whirl and non-backward whirl categories, achieving classification accuracies exceeding 94% across different training–testing split ratios. For stick-slip identification, the proposed method distinguishes stick-slip from non-stick-slip conditions with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, based on the stick-slip index, stick-slip vibrations are subdivided into four severity levels—non-stick-slip, low, medium, and high—with classification accuracies exceeding 95% across all severity classes. The generalization capability of the proposed model is validated using independent acceleration data from ABAQUS simulations and field measurements, demonstrating robust performance beyond the training dataset. Backward whirl and stick-slip are accurately classified using single-point acceleration data alone, without requiring rotational speed measurements or symmetrically distributed accelerometers. This approach reduces sensor requirements, lowers operational costs, and facilitates practical real-time deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6443-6459"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-resolution reconstruction of 3D seismic data using generative adversarial networks with global grouped coordinate attention mechanism","authors":"Yun Long, Ji-Yuan Liu, Jian-Bin Zheng, Xin-Hao Zhang, Shuang Yan, Xiao-Kai Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to limitations in exploration costs and surface conditions, actual seismic data are often sparsely sampled and exhibit irregular coverage, which weakens the effects of migration imaging and wavefield inversion, thereby reducing the accuracy and reliability of geological interpretation. Deep learning, particularly generative adversarial networks (GANs), has shown considerable promise in seismic data reconstruction. However, existing GAN-based methods often suffer from limitations such as restricted feature extraction, blurring and artifacts. Additionally, 2D networks struggle to capture the spatiotemporal correlations of 3D seismic data, leading to inter-layer inconsistencies and the loss of critical tectonic features, which ultimately limits overall reconstruction quality. To address complex missing-data patterns in seismic datasets, this study proposes a 3D generative adversarial network integrating a Global Grouped Coordinate Attention (GGCA-GAN). The proposed network employs group-based feature modeling and, by jointly training on natural images and real seismic data, achieves high-resolution 3D seismic reconstruction with moderate robustness to noise. This method further reduces computational overhead by enhancing global spatial feature extraction in both the generator and discriminator via grouped processing. In addition, to address the scarcity of training data under limited observation conditions, natural image datasets are incorporated into the network training process. Their structural features are used to construct cross-domain priors, which, when combined with measured seismic data, enhance the network's ability to generalize to complex seismic signals. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on publicly available datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6188-6206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing depressurization timing for enhancing the efficiency of geothermal-assisted co-production of gas hydrate and deep gas","authors":"Kang-Ji Shi, Yan-Long Li, Yong-Chao Zhang, Yun-Kai Ji, Sheng-Biao Liu, Zhi-Wen Sun, Lei Yang, Gao-Wei Hu, Chang-Ling Liu, Yong-Chen Song, Neng-You Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.04.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.04.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synergistic production of gas hydrates and deep gas reservoirs assisted by the geothermal energy transport via circulating water is significantly influenced by the temporal coordination of reservoir production schedules. However, the correlation between production timing and system performance remains unexplored. This work has for the first time systematically demonstrated the decisive role of choosing the production timing in determining the production efficiency. Four combined extraction methods for the co-operation of hydrate reservoirs and deep gas reservoirs have been designed. Experimental results demonstrate that deep gas reservoirs maintain high productivity independent of hydrate decomposition dynamics. This finding highlights the critical role of deep gas production timing in modulating geothermal energy transport to accelerate hydrate dissociation. Strategic delay of deep gas production until after initial hydrate reservoir depressurization was found to elevate circulating water temperatures, thereby expanding the heat distribution within the hydrate reservoir. This approach increased hydrate production efficiency by 6.79% compared to simultaneous production of both reservoirs. To maximize this thermal enhancement effect, deep gas production was further delayed to the early and middle stages of the hydrate reservoir's constant-pressure phase. Results revealed that sustained high-temperature water circulation until the mid-constant-pressure stage could boost cumulative geothermal energy release, achieving a 10.49% further improvement in hydrate production efficiency. These findings establish a positive correlation between deep gas production timing and hydrate recovery performance. The study provides actionable insights for optimizing field-scale co-production strategies, where deliberate sequencing of reservoir production can significantly enhance geothermal-driven hydrate dissociation rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6929-6940"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petroleum SciencePub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.044
Shao-Qun Dong, Lian-Bo Zeng, Le-Ting Wang, Fu-Yu Zhang, Shao-Peng Song, Bao-Yu Liang, Xiang-Yi Du, Xu Yang, Zi-Yi Yang
{"title":"Novel fracture network modeling method for tight reservoirs integrating mechanical and geometric characteristics","authors":"Shao-Qun Dong, Lian-Bo Zeng, Le-Ting Wang, Fu-Yu Zhang, Shao-Peng Song, Bao-Yu Liang, Xiang-Yi Du, Xu Yang, Zi-Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling is widely applied to characterize fracture systems in tight reservoirs, yet its accuracy is often limited by the insufficient integration of geological, geometric, and mechanical controls. To address these challenges, a fracture network modeling approach based on mechanical-geometric criteria (FNMmg) is introduced. The method incorporates five analytical strategies: (1) simulation of stratabound fracture dips using gap angles measured relative to bedding normals; (2) scale-weighted orientation statistics to emphasize the contribution of dominant fractures; (3) orientation generation via a cumulative probability curve to avoid errors caused by fracture-group partitioning; (4) fracture element representation to enable hierarchical coalescence; and (5) fusion rules combining geometric similarity with mechanical and diagenetic principles. Application to the Triassic Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir in the Ordos Basin, China, demonstrates that FNMmg can reproduce multi-scale fracture systems with improved geological consistency. Validation against tracer monitoring data from 34 injector-producer well pairs showed an overall connectivity consistency of about 91%, including 86% accuracy for fracture-related and 93% for pore-related or unconnected cases, demonstrating FNMmg's utility in identifying effective fracture flow paths and supporting reservoir connectivity analysis. These results indicate that FNMmg provides a practical framework that explicitly integrates fracture mechanics, geometry, and data-driven constraints, offering a basis for reservoir characterization, connectivity analysis, and development optimization in tight sandstone settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6558-6575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in polymer gels in oil and gas drilling and production engineering: A review","authors":"Jing-Bin Yang, Ying-Rui Bai, Jin-Sheng Sun, Bauyrzhan Sarsenbekuly, Kai-He Lv, Jia-Kai Chen, Qing-Yang Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer gels are recognized as essential functional materials in oil and gas drilling and production engineering due to the design flexibility of their three-dimensional networks, the controllability of their mechanical properties, and their high adaptability to extreme environments. They are extensively utilized for profile control, water shutoff, wellbore stabilization, treatment of severe lost circulation, and enhanced oil recovery. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress on crosslinked and non-crosslinked polymer gels in the field of oil and gas drilling and production engineering, with a particular focus on their synthesis principles, interfacial interactions, and engineering applications. Regarding crosslinked polymer gels, this paper summarizes structural design strategies for pre-crosslinked, in-situ crosslinked, and composite systems, elucidating the pivotal role of multi-scale crosslinked networks in enhancing thermal stability, salt tolerance, and shear resistance. For non-crosslinked polymer gels, this paper discusses diverse reversible interaction mechanisms, including hydrophobic association, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and supramolecular assembly. Furthermore, it highlights their distinct advantages in environmental responsiveness, self-healing behavior, and rheological modulation. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the microscopic interfacial processes of polymer gels within porous media and fractures from three perspectives, interfacial adhesion, interfacial rheology, and mechanical response. This analysis clarifies the crucial role of interfacial interactions in governing dynamic transport, anchoring, gelation, and long-term stability. In critical application areas such as lost circulation control and enhanced oil recovery, gel systems have evolved from conventional single-function plugging materials to advanced high-performance systems characterized by stimuli-responsiveness, intrinsic self-healing capabilities, and multifunctional synergistic effects. This paper outlines the developmental directions of polymer gels in drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery. The synergistic optimization of rational molecular design, composite network construction, and interfacial modulation strategies holds the promise for overcoming the performance limitations of gel materials in harsh environments, such as high temperature and high salinity, thereby facilitating their large-scale deployment in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6576-6609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petroleum SciencePub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.048
Yi-Jie Wen, Shu Tao, Fan Yang, Yi Cui, Ding Song, Bin Zhang, Zhuo-Yuan Ma, Xin-Yu Fu
{"title":"Depositional environmental evolution and reservoir controlling effects of the P2x formation in the Mahu Sag: Insights from the PCA-HCA coupled analysis","authors":"Yi-Jie Wen, Shu Tao, Fan Yang, Yi Cui, Ding Song, Bin Zhang, Zhuo-Yuan Ma, Xin-Yu Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.05.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conglomerates of the Xiazijie (<em>P</em><sub>2</sub><em>x</em>) Formation in the Mahu Sag are dominated by dissolution pores of zeolite cement as the primary hydrocarbon reservoir spaces. Consequently, the storage characteristics of conglomerates determine that the depositional environment is one of the key factors controlling reservoir quality. To address the lack of clarity regarding the types of paleo-depositional environments of the <em>P</em><sub>2</sub><em>x</em> Formation and their controlling effects on reservoir characteristics, this study integrated elemental geochemical analysis with machine learning and other analytical approaches. A dynamic mapping relationship was established among elemental assemblages, depositional environments, and reservoir characteristics to elucidate the evolutionary features of the paleo-depositional environments of the <em>P</em><sub>2</sub><em>x</em> Formation and their controlling effects on reservoir physical properties. The results indicate that the paleo-depositional environment of the <em>P</em><sub>2</sub><em>x</em> Formation is subject to the coupled control of provenance supply and paleoclimatic conditions, exhibiting significant spatial heterogeneity. Spatially, the depositional water depth increased gradually from north to south, accompanied by a synchronous decrease in oxidizing condition of the environment. Meanwhile, the region featured a dual provenance supply system consisting of terrigenous debris and intermediate-mafic magmatic materials. The input intensity of terrigenous debris showed clear regional heterogeneity, accompanied by the differential supply of intermediate-mafic magmatic components. Influenced by peripheral tectonic uplift induced by plate collision, moisture transport to the basin center was obstructed. This factor resulted in the formation of an anomalous paleoclimatic distribution pattern characterized by increasing aridity trend from north to south. These regional variations in the depositional environment further control the spatial differentiation of zeolite cement types. In the Mabei area, Na- and Al-rich volcanic glass derived from terrigenous debris and intermediate magmatic materials, under the synergistic influence of a semi-humid climate and phasic salinization events, promoted the development of cements dominated by analcime and heulandite. The Manan area developed a dysoxic, open, and low-salinity water environment, where zeolite cement is dominated by laumontite. In contrast, the Maxi area developed a two-stage depositional environment evolution, resulting in the balanced development of the three types of zeolite cement. The spatial differentiation of zeolite cement and their coupling with the depositional environment further determined the variations in dissolution intensity. Ultimately, this characteristic resulted in a distribution pattern of reservoir physical properties in the <em>P</em><sub>2</sub><em>x</em> Formation conglomerates that foll","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 10","pages":"Pages 6271-6293"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149095395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}