Petroleum Science最新文献

{"title":"Far-field radiation patterns of distributed acoustic sensing in anisotropic media with an explosive source and vertically straight fiber","authors":"Le-Le Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhao ,&nbsp;Lu Liu ,&nbsp;Ge Jin ,&nbsp;Cheng-Gang Xian ,&nbsp;Zhi-Peng Ning ,&nbsp;Chuang-Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is increasingly used in seismic exploration owing to its wide frequency range, dense sampling and real-time monitoring. DAS radiation patterns help to understand angle response of DAS records and improve the quality of inversion and imaging. In this paper, we solve the 3D vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) Christoffel equation and obtain the analytical, first-order, and zero-order Taylor expansion solutions that represent P-, SV-, and SH-wave phase velocities and polarization vectors. These analytical and approximated solutions are used to build the P/S plane-wave expression identical to the far-field term of seismic wave, from which the strain rate expressions are derived and DAS radiation patterns are thus extracted for anisotropic P/S waves. We observe that the gauge length and phase angle terms control the radiating intensity of DAS records. Additionally, the Bond transformation is adopted to derive the DAS radiation patterns in title transverse isotropic (TTI) media, which exhibits higher complexity than that of VTI media. Several synthetic examples demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 641-652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent seismic AVO inversion method for brittleness index of shale oil reservoirs","authors":"Yu-Hang Sun ,&nbsp;Hong-Li Dong ,&nbsp;Gui Chen ,&nbsp;Xue-Gui Li ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Hong Yu ,&nbsp;Jun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brittleness index (BI) is crucial for predicting engineering sweet spots and designing fracturing operations in shale oil reservoir exploration and development. Seismic amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion is commonly used to obtain the BI. Traditionally, velocity, density, and other parameters are firstly inverted, and the BI is then calculated, which often leads to accumulated errors. Moreover, due to the limited of well-log data in field work areas, AVO inversion typically faces the challenge of limited information, resulting in not high accuracy of BI derived by existing AVO inversion methods. To address these issues, we first derive an AVO forward approximation equation that directly characterizes the BI in P-wave reflection coefficients. Based on this, an intelligent AVO inversion method, which combines the advantages of traditional and intelligent approaches, for directly obtaining the BI is proposed. A TransU-net model is constructed to establish the strong nonlinear mapping relationship between seismic data and the BI. By incorporating a combined objective function that is constrained by both low-frequency parameters and training samples, the challenge of limited samples is effectively addressed, and the direct inversion of the BI is stably achieved. Tests on model data and applications on field data demonstrate the feasibility, advancement, and practicality of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 627-640"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors and detection capability of look-ahead logging while drilling (LWD) tools","authors":"Ran-Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Wen-Xiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen-Xuan Chen ,&nbsp;Peng-Fei Liang ,&nbsp;Xing-Han Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Xiong Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic technology used in logging while drilling (LWD) provides the resistivity distribution around a borehole within a range of several tens of meters. However, a blind zone appears in front of the drill bit when operating in high-angle wells, limiting the ability to detect formations ahead of the drill bit. Look-ahead technology addresses this issue and substantially enhances the proactive capability of geological directional drilling. In this study, we examine the detection capabilities of various component combinations of magnetic dipole antenna. Based on the sensitivity of each component to the axial information, a coaxial component is selected as a boundary indicator. We investigate the impact of various factors, such as frequency and transmitter and receiver (TR) distance, under different geological models. This study proposes 5 and 20 kHz as appropriate frequencies, and 10–14 and 12–17 m as suitable TR distance combinations. The accuracy of the numerical calculation results is verified via air-sea testing, confirming the instrument's detection capability. A test model that eliminated the influence of environmental factors and seawater depth is developed. The results have demonstrated that the tool can recognize the interface between layers up to 21.6 m ahead. It provides a validation idea for the design of new instruments as well as the validation of detection capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 850-867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of microscopic oil production and CO2 storage in low-permeable reservoirs","authors":"Ming-Xing Bai ,&nbsp;Zhi-Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Er-Long Yang ,&nbsp;Si-Yu Du","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhanced CO₂ sequestration (ECS) within low-permeable reservoirs during CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) processes has gained significant interest, primarily driven by the need to mitigate the greenhouse effect caused by excessive CO₂ emissions. In this work, the in-situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is applied to investigate the oil production and CO₂ sequestration within the micropores of low-permeable reservoirs. Additionally, the impact of CO₂–water–oil–rock reactions on CO₂-EOR and CO₂ sequestration is studied by analysis of the changes in minerals, pore structures, and wettability of cores by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and contact angle measurements with the experiments of CO₂–water–oil–rock interaction in the high-temperature and high-pressure (HT-HP) reactor. The results reveal that the residual water saturation (<em>S</em>_wr), CO₂ injection pressure, and the interaction among CO₂, water, oil, and rock all exerted a considerable impact on oil recovery and CO₂ sequestration. Compared with the oil recovery and CO₂ sequestration of the two oil-saturated cores (Core No. 2 and Core No. 3) after CO₂ injection, the accumulated oil recoveries of the two cores with <em>S</em>_wr = 0.5 are enhanced by 1.8% and 4.2%, and the CO₂ sequestration ratios are increased by 3% and 10%, respectively. Compared with the CO₂–water–rock that occurred in oil-saturated cores, the CO₂–water–rock reaction for cores (<em>S</em>_wr = 0.5) is more intense, which leads to the formation of more hydrophilic rock on pore surfaces after the reaction, thereby reducing the adhesion work of CO₂ stripping oil. The oil and water mixtures in pores also inhibit CO₂ premature breakthrough from cores, therefore expanding the swept volume of CO₂ in cores. Otherwise, oil recovery and CO₂ sequestration in small pores of cores are significantly improved with the rise in CO₂ injection pressure due to the enhanced driving pressure degree and also the improved mutual solubility and mass transfer between CO₂ and oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 756-770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled effects of paleofluid evolution on ultra-deep microbialite reservoir modification: A case study of the upper Ediacaran Deng-2 member within the Penglai area of Central Sichuan Basin, SW China","authors":"Xin Jin ,&nbsp;Jin-Min Song ,&nbsp;Shu-Gen Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Di Yang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Wu Li ,&nbsp;Li-Zhou Tian ,&nbsp;Hao-Shuang Deng ,&nbsp;Shan Ren ,&nbsp;Jia-Min Xue ,&nbsp;Jia-Xin Guo ,&nbsp;Zhao-Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xing-Peng Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paleofluid-rock interaction results in the modification of the ultra-deep reservoir quality, but the coupling effects of the paleofluid evolution on reservoir quality modification are still underestimated. Here, the multi-stage dolomite cements have been studied by means of core observations, thin section identification, fluid inclusions, and <em>in situ</em> elements and isotopic analyses in order to reaveal the paleofluid evolution processes and their effects on the reservoir quality. The fibrous dolomite cement (FDC) and bladed dolomite cement (BDC) both have similar geochemical properties and homogenization temperature (Th) to the matrix dolostone. Subsequent early silicification occurs (QZ1). However, silt-to fine-sized crystalline dolomite cement (CD2) has higher concentration of Fe and medium rare earth element, more negative δ¹⁸O than for FDC and BDC, and 103.4–150.2 °C in Th. The first petroleum charge episode solid bitumen 1 (SB1) followed the CD2. The medium to coarse sized crystalline dolomite cement (CD3) is characterized by the higher Mn and lower Sr concentration than CD2, positive δEu anomaly, negative δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio and 138.9 °C–184.3 °C in Th. The solid bitumen 2 (SB2) occurs after CD3. Subsequently, the saddle dolomite (SD) has higher Fe and Mn concentration and lower Na and Sr than others cement, δEu positive anomaly, negative δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio and 177.5 °C–243.6 °C in Th. Eventually massive silicification (QZ2) took place. The FDC, BDC, QZ1 and SB1 formed in the early diagenetic stage and have little negative effect on the reservoir quality. But the CD2 and CD3 dramatically decreased the reservoir quality related to a quantity of hydrothermal fluids entrance in the mesodiagenetic stage along the strike-slip faults and the unconformity surface at top of the Deng-2 Member during the late stage of the Caledonian orogeny. The reservoir spaces were retained and enlarged during the late diagenetic stage when the peak petroleum charge occurred, massive silicification and thermochemical sulfate reduction took place with SB2, SD and QZ2 being formed. The research outcome may update our understanding on the retention mechanism and the insights for further hydrocarbon exploration of Precambrian ultra-deep microbial reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 527-545"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore formation and evolution mechanisms during hydrocarbon generation in organic-rich marl","authors":"Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Dong-Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing-Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Hou-Yong Luo ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Zhong-Liang Ma ,&nbsp;Zhang-Xing Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Hui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine organic-rich marl is not only a high-quality hydrocarbon source of conventional oil and gas, but also a new type and field of unconventional oil and gas exploration. An understanding of its pore structure evolution characteristics during a hydrocarbon generation process is theoretically significant and has application prospects for the exploration and development of this special type of natural gas reservoirs. This study conducted thermal simulation of hydrocarbon generation under near-geological conditions during a whole process for cylinder samples of low mature marine organic-rich marl in the Middle Devonian of Luquan, Yunnan Province, China. During this process, hydrocarbon products at different evolution stages were quantified and corresponding geochemical properties were analyzed. Simultaneously, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and low-pressure gas adsorption (CO₂, N₂) tests were applied to the corresponding cylinder residue samples to reveal the mechanisms of different types of pore formation and evolution, and clarify the dynamic evolution processes of their pore systems. The results show that with an increase in temperature and pressure, the total oil yield peaks at an equivalent vitrinite reflectance (<em>VR</em>_o) of 1.03% and is at the maximum retention stage of liquid hydrocarbons, which are 367.51 mg/g TOC and 211.67 mg/g TOC, respectively. The hydrocarbon gas yield increases continuously with an increase in maturity. The high retained oil rate at the peak of oil generation provides an abundant material basis for gas formation at high maturity and over-maturity stage. The lower limit of <em>VR</em>_o for organic matter (OM) pore mass development is about 1.6%, and bitumen pores, organic-clay complex pores together with intergranular pores, grain edge seams and dissolution pores constitute a complicated pore-seam-network system, which is the main reservoir space for unconventional carbonate gas. Pore formation and evolution are controlled synergistically by hydrocarbon generation, diagenesis and organic-inorganic interactions, and the pattern of pore structure evolution can be divided into four stages. A pore volume (PV) and a specific surface area (SSA) are at their highest values within the maturity range of 1.9% to 2.5%, which is conducive to exploring unconventional natural gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 557-573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mg-C-O isotopes and elements reveal the origin of dolostone in the Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation","authors":"Xi Li ,&nbsp;An-Jiang Shen ,&nbsp;Rui-Lin Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origin of dolostone in the Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation of the Plateau Basin has been a subject of prolonged debate. This study combines detailed petrological observations with analyses of Mg-C-O isotopes and elements to constrain the origin of dolostones in the Buqu Formation. Petrography and cathodoluminescence (CL) examination identified three types of matrix dolostones: very finely to finely crystalline dolostone (D1), finely to medium crystalline dolostone (D2), and medium to coarsely crystalline dolostone (D3). The analysis of the diagenesis sequence reveals that D1 originated from the dolomitization of grainstone in the early diagenetic phase, whereas D2 and D3 resulted from the recrystallization of D1 during the later burial phase. The presence of high Na (&gt;100 ppm), low Fe (&lt;1000 ppm), low Mn (&lt;250 ppm), positive Ce anomaly, LREE enrichment, stable δ²⁶Mg (−2.28‰ to −2.04‰), and δ¹³C (1.02‰–2.95‰) indicates that the early dolomitization fluid was oxidized seawater. As the crystal size increases (D1→D2→D3), the progressively rising Mn content and significantly negative δ¹⁸O (−10.72‰ to −7.81‰) suggest that the dolostone has experienced modification and alteration by buried pore water in the later stages. The fluctuations in relative sea level during the sedimentary deposition of the Buqu Formation were reconstructed through the utilization of Na, Sr/Cu, Sr/Ba, Rb/Sr, ∑REE, and δ¹³C. It was observed that the δ²⁶Mg of dolostone closely mirrored the variations in sea level. The consistent trend of change confirms that sea level fluctuations control the formation and distribution of early dolostone. Frequent sea level rise and fall prompted the limestone deposited on the carbonate platform to be continuously transformed into dolostone, which accumulates over a long period to form large-scale thick dolostone. After the formation entered the burial stage, under the combined action of high Mg/Ca ratio pore water, high temperature, and high pressure, the early dolostone experienced the adjustment of burial dolomitization. This research offers a typical case study on the application of Mg-C-O isotope and elements to determine the origin of dolostone. This will aid in a more comprehensive understanding of the formation process of dolostone in ancient rock records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 574-587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of a process for the reduction of sulfur oxides in flue gas of fluid catalytic cracking unit using the riser reactor","authors":"Fa-Lu Dang ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Jing-Cun Lian ,&nbsp;Yu Yang ,&nbsp;Mei-Jia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a new process for achieving the recovery of elemental sulfur by utilizing a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactor for SO_<em>x</em> treatment (FCC-DeSO_<em>x</em>) is proposed. The process leverages the high temperatures and hydrocarbon concentrations in the FCC riser reactor to convert SO_<em>x</em> into H₂S. Subsequently, H₂S, along with the cracked gas, is processed downstream to produce sulfur. Thermodynamic analysis of the key reduction reactions in the FCC-DeSO_<em>x</em> process revealed that complete conversion of SO_<em>x</em> to H₂S is feasible in the dry gas (hydrogen-rich) prelift zone, as well as the upper and lower zones of the riser, upon achieving thermodynamic equilibrium. Experimental studies were conducted to replicate the conditions of these reaction zones using a low concentration of hydrogen gas as the reducing agent. Through process optimization, investigation of the minimum reaction time, and kinetic studies, the potential of this method for the complete reduction of SO_<em>x</em> was further confirmed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 909-924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel dual-enhanced stimulation for safe and efficient marine hydrate production","authors":"Yun Qi ,&nbsp;You-Hong Sun ,&nbsp;Bing Li ,&nbsp;Heng-Feng Shan ,&nbsp;Yi-Zhuo Liu ,&nbsp;Guo-Biao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The commercial exploitation of natural gas hydrates is currently facing several challenges, including low production rates, limited recovery areas, and brief periods of continuous production. To address these issues, we propose a novel dual-enhanced stimulation (DES) method for marine hydrate reservoirs. This method involves injecting a special slurry that solidifies into porous, high-permeability, and high-strength slurry veins. These veins not only enhance permeability, allowing for faster gas and water flow, but also improve reservoir stability. This study experimentally investigated the split grouting of clayey-silty sediments with dual-enhanced slurry to assess the feasibility of DES and to explore the slurry diffusion mechanism and micro-pore structure of the veins. The results showed that split grouting with dual-enhanced slurry exhibited frequent fracture initiation with quick pressure spikes and sharp declines, suggesting shorter fractures in clayey-silty sediments. As vertical stress increased, the primary diffusion direction of the dual-enhanced slurry shifted from horizontal to vertical, aligning with fracture propagation patterns observed during fracturing. Unlike hydraulic fracturing in hard rocks, split grouting in clayey-silty sediments encountered more difficult conditions. These veins formed through a recurring cycle of splitting into fractures and filling with slurry, occurring more frequently in weaker sediments with slower injection rates and higher vertical stress. Increased vertical stress hindered slurry vein diffusion, easily resulting in compaction grouting near the grouting pipe. Additionally, three-dimensional laser scanning of the veins showed that those formed through split grouting were continuous and stable, with their thickness decreasing as diffusion distance increased. The morphology of these veins was shaped by factors such as grouting rate, formation stress, and elastic modulus, with higher rates and elastic moduli facilitating the formation of complex vein networks. Mercury intrusion porosimetry demonstrated that the DES method resulted in veins with consistent effective porosity between 65% and 70% and median pore sizes of 11–15 μm across different locations. These veins formed a well-connected porous network of smaller pores, significantly enhancing both permeability and sand control. The research findings validate the effectiveness of the DES method for marine hydrate reservoirs, providing a strategy for the safe and efficient exploitation of NGH resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 805-820"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of organic/metal ion double crosslinking polymer gel for anti-CO2 gas channeling in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs","authors":"Hong-Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Hai-Zhuang Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhe Xu ,&nbsp;Xing Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Hai-Ning Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao Ma ,&nbsp;Jian-Jun Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiang-Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wan-Li Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ flooding enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir. With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs, CO₂-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling. Consequently, there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO₂-EOR. Herein, to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs, a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel (AR-Gel) is reported, which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer (CX-305), organic crosslinking agent (phenolic resin), and aluminium citrate (Al(III)). The crosslinking of Al(III) with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking, to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature. The structure–activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology. The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated, as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO₂. The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores, and the field process parameters were provided. The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO₂ reservoirs at 110 °C and 20,000 mg/L salinity, with long-term stability over 60 days. The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured core was 97%, with subsequent CO₂ flooding resulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%. AR-Gel can effectively control CO₂ gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery. It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance, which is particularly beneficial in the CO₂ flooding for the conformance control of oil field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 724-738"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}