Petroleum Science最新文献

{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1995-8226(26)00214-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1995-8226(26)00214-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interpretable attention-guided generative adversarial network framework with dual-domain learning for multi-condition constrained sedimentary facies modeling","authors":"Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Jian Gao ,&nbsp;Da-Li Yue ,&nbsp;De-Gang Wu ,&nbsp;Wu-Rong Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Lin ,&nbsp;Zhi-Bo Li ,&nbsp;Qian Zhong ,&nbsp;Jia-Gen Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sedimentary facies modeling is a critical approach for understanding geological phenomena, yet the strong heterogeneity of reservoir systems poses a serious challenge for their refined characterization. In this study, we innovatively propose an interpretable attention-guided generative adversarial network framework with dual-domain learning, which achieves precise sedimentary facies modeling under the constraints of well facies and soft probability data. Specifically, we first effectively extract and preserve prior information of sedimentary facies models from both spatial and frequency domain perspectives. Then, during simulation, to enhance the capability of the network model for finely characterizing complex heterogeneous models, cross-spatial attention mechanisms are designed to effectively capture short-range and long-range dependencies between multi-scale pattern features. Additionally, through systematic feature map visualization analysis, we elucidate the processes of conditional fitting and complex sedimentary facies model reconstruction, intuitively demonstrating the functional mechanisms of each module. Finally, systematic experiments are conducted on multiple datasets to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the generated sedimentary facies models exhibit high consistency with training datasets in terms of visual realism and statistical indicators. Quantitative comparisons reveal remarkable performance of the method, achieving low Wasserstein distance (0.09), Kernel Inception Distance (0.0017) and Kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy (0.21). These findings further confirm the high realism of the generated realizations regarding pattern features. This study offers a reliable and practical method for geological reservoir modeling, thereby advancing quantitative, precise geological research with broad application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 1754-1772"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed neural network for reconstruction of seismic data under compressed sensing sampling","authors":"Yin-Shuo Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Kai Lu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Gang Huang ,&nbsp;Ji-Cai Ding ,&nbsp;Cao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic exploration is one of the most critical methodologies and the highest-cost expenditures in the pre-exploration. The main cost of seismic exploration is acquiring seismic data, which can be significantly reduced through compressed sensing (CS) techniques. Traditional and deep learning (DL) CS methods offer unprecedented opportunities for cost optimization while maintaining data fidelity. However, CS methods rely on random acquisition, which performs poorly when the seismic data are not randomly acquired. This manuscript proposes a novel physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework for reconstructing 3D seismic data acquired via down-sampling from Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) observation systems. The compressed sensing acquisition system of seismic data contains two types of sparsity: 1) 2D random missing traces, 2) Dual random missing of source lines and source points. The proposed method employed move-out (MO) transformations with multiple constant velocities to mitigate aliasing artifacts and improve reconstruction accuracy. Then, a pre-interpolation process is utilized for the MO-transformed seismic data groups. Additionally, a semblance evaluation mechanism dynamically assigns weights to each MO dataset, generating optimized, pre-interpolated seismic profiles. Finally, the PINN architecture integrates physical constraints to refine the reconstructed data. The experimental results demonstrate the superior reconstruction performance and computational efficiency of the proposed method compared with the state-of-the-art.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 1829-1841"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloride-dependent enhancement of microbiologically influenced corrosion on X80 steel by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: The critical role of extracellular polymeric substances","authors":"Jia-Hang Li ,&nbsp;En-Ze Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhong Li ,&nbsp;Di Wang ,&nbsp;Fu-Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Da-Ke Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and chloride ion attack represent principal factors contributing to the premature failure of marine metallic infrastructures. This study systematically investigated the MIC behavior of X80 steel induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in simulated marine environments with varying chloride concentrations. Under sterile anaerobic conditions, elevated chloride concentrations slightly accelerated the corrosion of X80 steel. However, the biotic system (30 g/L Cl⁻) exhibited an order-of-magnitude increase in the corrosion rate of X80 steel compared to sterile controls. The relative corrosion severity in SRB-inoculated environments followed the descending order: 30 g/L &gt; 10 g/L &gt; 20 g/L &gt; 5 g/L Cl⁻. Chloride concentration critically modulated SRB metabolic activity. Sulfate reduction rates at 5 g/L Cl⁻ demonstrated a significant 85% reduction relative to optimal conditions at 20 g/L Cl⁻, correlating with near-complete bacterial growth inhibition. Intriguingly, suboptimal chloride environments (10 and 30 g/L Cl⁻) triggered substantial extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, serving as a protective barrier and ionic exchange medium. EPS exacerbated steel corrosion by accelerating anodic dissolution through complexation with ferrous ions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed that EPS contains redox-active functional groups. Injecting 1 g/L EPS into SRB broth increased the corrosion current density from 9.2 ± 0.8 μA/cm² to 14.3 ± 1.2 μA/cm². These findings provide new insights into the dual role of EPS in MIC processes, emphasizing its critical function in extracellular electron transfer-MIC mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 2106-2119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative prediction of steam channeling based on steam override in horizontal wells cyclic steam stimulation: Mathematical modeling and experimental validation","authors":"Xiang-Xing Yan ,&nbsp;Zhan-Xi Pang ,&nbsp;Ling-Feng Fu ,&nbsp;Chun-Hua Qin ,&nbsp;Xiao-Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.12.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.12.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) is a common method for heavy oil reservoir, but the current research on steam channeling in horizontal wells is limited. This study proposes a novel mathematical model based on steam override to predict steam channeling during the CSS process in horizontal wells, focusing on the quantization of the heated region, steam front edge position, and steam channeling time. The model was validated through a 3D physical simulation experiment. The experimental results were broadly consistent with the theoretical predictions. The study finds that steam channel is an upward-curved wedge shape, making it difficult to mobilize the bottom reservoir. The steam channeling time was predicted to be 10.10 min, with an 11.16% error compared to the experimental value of 8.97 min. Furthermore, the introduction of foam increased the oil steam ratio from 1.52 to 1.92. Reducing appropriately the steam injection rate, increasing well spacing, and decreasing steam temperature, together with periodic foam injection, can delay steam channeling. In conclusion, the model offers practical insights for steam channel prediction, which can improve the effectiveness of steam injection strategies in heavy oil reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 1970-1985"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-component composite steam flooding (MCCSF) expanding steam chamber and suppressing water invasion in edge-water heavy oil reservoirs: A comparative 3D experimental study","authors":"Qing-Jing Hong ,&nbsp;Zhan-Xi Pang ,&nbsp;Peng Tang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of heavy oil reservoirs with edge-water presents significant challenges during pure steam flooding (PSF), including steam override, severe channeling, limited displacement/sweep efficiency, and water invasion. To address these issues, multi-component composite steam flooding (MCCSF) was proposed as an improved steam flooding (SF) method. This study introduced a novel three-dimensional (3D) physical simulation approach that accurately replicated the recovery process in edge-water reservoirs. Additionally, a new similarity criterion number was proposed to characterize edge-water energy conversion. Then, comparative experiments (Exp. A: PSF; Exp. B: MCCSF) were conducted to elucidate the advantages and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanisms of MCCSF. Results demonstrated that MCCSF effectively accelerated the thermal connection between wells, mitigated steam override, and improved steam thermal utilization. Compared with PSF, MCCSF achieved higher peak oil production rate and longer stable production stage. In heterogeneous reservoirs with structural dip, MCCSF generated a more uniform steam chamber and reduced the performance gap between higher and lower wells. Post-displacement oil saturation in the middle and upper main layers was typically 7%–10% lower under MCCSF than under PSF. Furthermore, MCCSF significantly suppressed the degree and extent of edge-water invasion in the lower reservoir zones. The final oil recovery factor of MCCSF reached 55.37%, representing an 11.71% improvement over PSF. This study established a scalable laboratory methodology and revealed the coupled displacement mechanisms of steam–gas–chemical system under edge-water conditions, offering both theoretical insights and experimental support for optimizing thermal recovery in heavy oil reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 2086-2105"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagenesis and implication for the reservoir quality of the tight sandstone reservoir in the depression zone of foreland basin, Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Western Sichuan Foreland Basin, China: Evidence from petrography and geochemistry","authors":"Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Ming-Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Cao ,&nbsp;Zi-Long Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tight sandstones are products of complex and various diagenetic events that significantly affect reservoir quality and heterogeneity. In this study, tight sandstones of the Upper Triassic Xu3 Member in the Western Sichuan Foreland Basin were examined as a case study. Petrographic and geochemical analyses were combined to investigate diagenetic variability and its effects on reservoir quality. The sandstone in this zone consisted of coarse-grained to siltstone-grained poorly to moderately sorted sublitharenite and litharenite. And the sandstone exhibits poor physical properties. The diagenesis during the eodiagenetic stage included compaction, dissolution, early-stage quartz cementation, early-stage carbonate cementation (calcite and dolomite), and kaolinite formation. The mesodiagenetic stage encompassed compaction, dissolution, late-stage quartz cementation, intermediate- and late-stage carbonate cementation (ferro-calcite, ankerite, and calcite in fractures), and clay cementation (kaolinite, illite, and chlorite). Compaction destroyed the tight sandstone reservoir to a greater degree than cementation. Specifically, compaction and cementation reduced the initial porosity by 80.70% and 15.50%, respectively. Dissolution emerges as primary constructive diagenesis, promoting the formation of authigenic minerals. The vertical variability in dissolution and cementation within the cycle contributed to increased reservoir heterogeneity. Relatively high-quality reservoirs in the sandstone overlaying sandstone style occurred at the base of the cycle. In the mudstone overlaying sandstone style, relatively high-quality reservoirs developed at both the base and the top of the sandstone layers. These findings enhance our understanding of diagenetic influences on reservoir properties and the distribution of high-quality reservoirs. Consequently, they offer valuable insights for advancing unconventional oil and gas exploration in depression zones of foreland basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 1650-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in the molecular composition of effluent organic matter from petrochemical wastewater treatment plants in China","authors":"Yue Kou ,&nbsp;Huang-Fan Ye ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen-Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Ze-Lin Niu ,&nbsp;Yi-Fei Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhuo-Yu Li ,&nbsp;Chen He ,&nbsp;Hai-Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Qing-Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Quan Shi ,&nbsp;Chun-Mao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The proliferation of petrochemical plants close to natural water bodies has resulted in emission of numerous organic pollutants into aquatic environments. However, the molecular composition of petrochemical effluent organic matter (PEfOM) is poorly understood, which results in uncertainty regarding its environmental effects and potential risks. In this study, optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry coupled with both negative-ion ((−)ESI mode) and positive-ion electrospray ionization mode ((+)ESI mode) were used to conduct large-scale molecular-level characterization of PEfOM from 21 petrochemical plants in China. In contrast to natural organic matter (NOM), PEfOM was characterized by low aromaticity and high microbial-derived fluorescence. These properties corresponded to a composition rich in aliphatic and highly unsaturated phenolic compounds, as well as low average molecular weight and elevated heteroatom content. Among the 21 PEfOM samples, molecular compositions exhibited significant heterogeneity with Jensen–Shannon divergence values between 0 and 0.2. Based on the O/S/N contents, aromaticity, and unsaturation, the compounds in PEfOM were grouped into three clusters under (+)ESI mode (+CL1, +CL2, +CL3) and two clusters under (−)ESI mode (−CL1 and −CL2). Nitrogen-rich CHON compounds with high double bond equivalents (4–14) in +CL2 and oxygen-poor compounds with high molecular weights (600–800 Da) in −CL1 exhibited the greatest reactivity in aquatic environments under aerobic conditions. The compounds in these (+)ESI and (−)ESI clusters had Gibbs's free energy of carbon oxidation values of 80–110 and 60–100, respectively. C₁₇H₂₃N₁O₂ (quinolinium derivatives), C₁₄H₂₀O₅S₁ (benzene sulfonic acid), and C₉H₁₇N₁O₅S₁ (amino-sulfonates) were identified as characteristic pollutants with high indicator species values. Ecological structure activity relationships analysis revealed that C₁₇H₂₃N₁O₂ exhibited high acute biotoxicity, which was associated with potential environmental risks. This study offers valuable insight and guidance for risk management and control of petrochemical effluents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 2216-2230"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-task U-net inversion of synthetic look-ahead logging-while-drilling data","authors":"Shun Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen-Xiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen-Xuan Chen ,&nbsp;Peng-Fei Liang ,&nbsp;Wen-Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Xing-Han Li","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic look-ahead logging while drilling instruments detect the electrical characteristics of undrilled formations, enabling proactive decision-making. Real-time geological insight ahead of the drill bit is critical for effective geosteering. This study introduces a multi-task U-net neural network that simultaneously inverts multiple formation parameters real-time. Six datasets, each corresponding to different electromagnetic components, were used to train six specialized neural networks. All networks exhibited rapid convergence and successfully inverted 60,000 sample in 15 s, satisfying real-time requirements. Residual and relative error analyses reveal that the multi-component network delivers the highest accuracy. Sensitivity analysis shows that coaxial and coplanar components are more sensitive to conductivity variations, whereas coaxial and cross-components excel at resolving interface positions. The <span><math><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span> component displays the strongest sensitivity to anisotropy. Compared with the traditional Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, the proposed method demonstrates improved accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, the Levenberg-Marquardt inversion with the neural network output as initial models further enhances accuracy. Benchmark comparisons reveal that the multi-task U-net outperforms various mainstream machine learning and deep learning models, including LSTM, FCN, ResNet, and XGBoost, in both inversion accuracy and generalization. Moreover, sensitivity analyses to noise and near-bit geological complexity reveal that, while the proposed model experiences some performance degradation under high noise levels or highly heterogeneous backgrounds, it maintains strong robustness under moderate noise conditions and achieves reliable inversion results in two-layer geological settings. These results establish the multi-task U-net as a fast, accurate, and robust tool for real-time electromagnetic look-ahead inversion in geosteering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 1908-1928"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lamina on petrophysical properties and brittleness of shales: Insight from lamina-scale experiment and fracture propagation simulation","authors":"Yu-Qi Wu ,&nbsp;Jia-Bao Yang ,&nbsp;Ke-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Chao-Zheng Deng ,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Fan ,&nbsp;Jian-Hua Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhuo Dong ,&nbsp;Xiu-Gang Pu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.01.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2026.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate shale characterization is hampered by the lack of high-resolution analytical techniques to probe the in situ petrophysical and mechanical properties at the lamina scale. Here we report for the first time a comprehensive lamina-scale experimental characterization and numerical simulation, including AMICS, digital rock, fracture propagation simulation, pore network modeling, FIB-SEM, and N₂ and CO₂ adsorption experiments to investigate the effects of lamina type and thickness on the petrophysical properties and brittleness of shales. We characterized a variety of shales with laminae dominated by felsic minerals, carbonate minerals, clay minerals, and mixed minerals from the Second Member of the Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Among these laminae investigated, the felsic mineral lamina exhibits the largest porosity, average macropore radius, pore throat radius, and coordination number, and the best pore connectivity and permeability. The carbonate mineral lamina comprises the largest proportion of micropores and the smallest proportion of macropores. The mixed mineral lamina consists mainly of mesopores and micropores. Shales in the study area mainly comprise felsic-mineral-clay-mineral, carbonate-mineral-clay-mineral, and mixed-mineral-clay-mineral coupled laminasets. The felsic-mineral-clay-mineral laminaset appears to have the best permeability and brittleness. The simulated fractures in the felsic-mineral-clay-mineral laminaset show the farthest propagation and the largest aperture. An increase in the thickness of individual felsic mineral lamina would improve the shale brittleness, increase fracture propagation, and enhance fracture connectivity. Fractures tend to be initiated at the interface between the clay mineral lamina and brittle mineral lamina, especially at the boundaries between the ductile and brittle minerals. Therefore, shales with high proportions of felsic mineral lamina would thus improve the porosity, permeability, and frackability of shales. This study proposes a novel technique for characterizing the in situ petrophysical properties and brittleness of shales at the lamina scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 1728-1753"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}