Pain and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of GPX4 in Pain Modulation.","authors":"Shiwen Fan, Kaixin Wang, Tianhao Zhang, Daling Deng, Jiwei Shen, Bowen Zhao, Daan Fu, Xiangdong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00673-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00673-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain, a complex symptom encompassing both sensory and emotional dimensions, constitutes a significant global public health issue. Oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in the complex pathophysiology of pain, with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) recognized as a crucial antioxidant enzyme involved in both antioxidant defense mechanisms and ferroptosis pathways. This review systematically explores GPX4's functions across various pain models, including neuropathic, inflammatory, low back, and cancer-related pain. Specifically, the focus includes GPX4's physiological roles, antioxidant defense mechanisms, regulation of ferroptosis, involvement in signal transduction pathways, and metabolic regulation. By summarizing current research, we highlight the potential of GPX4-targeted therapies in pain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"21-45"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Intraoperative Pain Management on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients: A Prospective Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Yuhao Du, Jiangbing Cao, Chen Gao, Keqiang He, Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00702-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00702-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intraoperative analgesia and sedation are closely related to postoperative delirium. Depth of sedation based on bispectral index (BIS) guidance has been shown to reduce the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD). However, the correlation between intraoperative analgesia levels and POD is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraoperative analgesic management guided by the nociceptive stimulus index (NOX) on postoperative delirium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective single-center randomized controlled study, elderly patients aged 65 and above, who are scheduled to undergo unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA), were allocated into two groups: the routine monitoring group (group R), which solely monitored patient sedation levels using BIS; and the NOX monitoring group (group N), which monitored patient analgesic levels using NOX based on BIS-monitored sedation levels. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative delirium within 3 days after surgery, using the confusion assessment method (CAM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From May 2022 to December 2022, a total of 240 patients were randomized; 12 were excluded because of failure to meet experimental conditions or were lost to follow-up. Patients in group N had a lower incidence rate (%) of POD on the first day compared to those in group R (8 (7%) vs 18 (16%), P = 0.041). The dosage of remifentanil administered in group N was significantly higher than that in group R (927.07 ± 268.09 vs 882.32 ± 187.91 mg, P = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Appropriate intraoperative analgesia guided by NOX is associated with POD. When sedation levels were consistent, the incidence of POD was significantly reduced in older patients with NOX-guided analgesic management during unilateral TKA surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"387-400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Analgesic Effectiveness of Truncal Plane Blocks in Patients Undergoing the Nuss Procedure: A Randomized Controlled Trial\".","authors":"Guanyu Yang, Qinjun Chu","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00682-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00682-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"437-438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and Novel Therapies for Cluster Headache: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Bruna de Freitas Dias, Christopher L Robinson, Maria Dolores Villar-Martinez, Sait Ashina, Peter J Goadsby","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00674-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00674-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cluster headache (CH) is an excruciating and debilitating primary headache disorder. The prevalence is up to 1.3%, and the typical onset is around age 30. Often misdiagnosed as migraine, particularly in children, the diagnosis rate of CH has been increasing among women. CH is characterized by intense unilateral pain and autonomic symptoms, significantly impacting patients' quality of life, mental health, and productivity.Genetic associations suggest a familial risk for developing CH, with lifestyle factors also potentially playing a role. The pathophysiology involves alterations in both central and peripheral nervous system, with the hypothalamus, trigeminocervical complex, and neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) being implicated.Nonpharmacological treatments focus on patient education and lifestyle modifications, while pharmacological treatments include acute therapies such as oxygen and subcutaneous or nasal sumatriptan, as well as preventive therapies like verapamil, lithium, and CGRP monoclonal antibodies. Transitional options include oral corticosteroids and greater occipital nerve injections. Emerging interventional procedures offer new avenues for managing refractory cases. Noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation and occipital nerve stimulation show promise for both acute and preventive treatment. Careful consideration of safety profiles is crucial in specific populations such as pregnant patients and children.Current treatments still leave patients highly burdened by limited efficacy and side effects. Future research continues to explore novel pharmacological targets, interventional procedures, and the potential role of psychedelics in CH management. Comprehensive, multifaceted treatment strategies are essential to improve the daily functioning and quality of life for individuals with CH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Thoracic Herpes Zoster-Related Pain: A Study Protocol.","authors":"Liu Wang, Xinyu Lei, Zhixuan Lan, Ruilin He, Zongbin Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00691-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00691-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpes zoster (HZ), triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, manifests as a painful rash known as zoster-associated pain (ZAP), which can progress to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in managing acute ZAP and preventing PHN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label, endpoint-blinded, single-center trial involving 128 participants suffering from zoster-associated pain. Participants will be randomly assigned to the PRP treatment in combination with antiviral therapy group or the antiviral therapy group at a 1:1 ratio. Pain intensity (NRS-11), quality of life (SF-12), sleep quality (PSQI), pain characteristics, skin lesion recovery, average weekly consumption of rescue analgesics, and adverse events will be assessed. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention to evaluate the incidence rate of PHN, pain intensity, quality of life, sleep quality, and safety.</p><p><strong>Ethics and dissemination: </strong>Adhering to the 2013 SPIRIT statement and the Declaration of Helsinki, this study has received ethical approval from the relevant committee. Results will be disseminated through scientific journals and conferences, contributing to global data on managing ZAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By comparing PRP with antiviral therapy, this trial seeks to establish a more effective treatment paradigm for reducing acute zoster-associated pain and the incidence of PHN, potentially setting a new standard in therapeutic strategies for HZ.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This clinical trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) at https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html (Registration Number: ChiCTR2400087248, Registration Date: 2024-07-23).</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"425-436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of ERAS and Multidisciplinary Teams on Perioperative Management in Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Qianqian Zhang, Qinfeng Sun, Junfeng Li, Xing Fu, Yuhuan Wu, Jiawei Zhang, Xia Jin","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00667-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00667-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol, a comprehensive multimodal approach, aims to mitigate surgical stress, expedite recovery, and improve postoperative outcomes. Its implementation has notably advanced perioperative care in colorectal cancer surgeries. Integrating ERAS with multidisciplinary collaboration, involving surgery, anesthesia, nursing, and nutrition, may further enhance patient outcomes, making it a significant focus in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study assessed the effectiveness of integrating the ERAS model with multidisciplinary collaboration during the perioperative period in colorectal cancer patients. A total of 117 patients scheduled for elective surgery at Haiyan People's Hospital between August 2023 and April 2024 were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 59), receiving traditional care, or an experimental group (n = 58), receiving ERAS-based multidisciplinary care. Key outcomes related to postoperative rehabilitation were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the ERAS group demonstrated significantly shorter hospital stays, quicker catheter removal, and earlier mobilization compared to the control group (P < 0.0001 for all). Additionally, the ERAS group exhibited reduced postoperative inflammatory responses, as indicated by significantly lower interleukin-6 levels on the first postoperative day (P = 0.0247). The quality of life was significantly higher in the ERAS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the ERAS group incurred lower total hospitalization expenses than the control group (P = 0.0011).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings confirm the benefits of the ERAS protocol in enhancing postoperative recovery in colorectal cancer surgeries. The study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing patient outcomes and reducing the burden on hospital resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"201-215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Profiles Across Various NSAID Forms and Doses: Implications for Efficacy and Adverse Effects.","authors":"Kenshu Shirakawa, Masafumi Takeno, Hidekazu Kuma, Takaaki Terahara, Shigeki Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00687-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00687-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for pain disorders and exert pharmacological effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX). Although previous studies have evaluated the COX inhibitory activity and selectivity of NSAIDs, none has compared COX inhibitory concentrations with the plasma concentrations of clinical doses or investigated the efficacy and adverse effects of different dosage forms. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the COX inhibitory activities and inhibition rates of clinical doses of the various NSAID formulations, especially diclofenac sodium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human blood and the drug (diclofenac sodium, celecoxib, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, or etodolac) were mixed and incubated, and the supernatant was collected and quantified the COX inhibitory activity of each drug by ELISA. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the inhibition rates at maximum plasma drug concentration (C_max) of clinical doses of marketed formulations. For diclofenac sodium, we also calculated the concentrations at which COX inhibition rates were 50% and 80% (IC₅₀ and IC₈₀).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COX-2 inhibition rate at C_max of clinical doses exceeded 50% except celecoxib 100 mg. For diclofenac sodium, the C_max at the clinical doses of the oral and suppository formulations showed almost complete inhibition of COX-2 and an inhibition rate exceeding IC₈₀ for COX-1. The C_max at repeated doses of the transdermal formulation showed an inhibition rate above IC₈₀ for COX-2 but below IC₈₀ for COX-1.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This result explains why gastrointestinal disorders frequently occur with oral and suppository formulations of diclofenac sodium despite its relatively high COX-2 selectivity. Although the plasma drug concentration of the transdermal formulation is lower than oral and suppository formulations, it has an inhibition rate above IC₅₀ for COX-2, which is required for analgesic efficacy, and has a lower COX-1 inhibition rate than these formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings explain why the transdermal formulation exerts an analgesic effect despite having a lower C_max than other diclofenac sodium formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Treatment, and Unmet Needs of Migraine in the Middle East: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Taoufik Alsaadi, AbuBakar Al Madani, Mohammed Alhatou, Mona Nada, Abdulrazaq Albilali, Ahmed Al-Qassabi, Hegab Mohamed, Haytham Mohamed, Rowan El Masry, Ghaidaa Ahmed Saifuddin, Suhail Abdullah AlRukn","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00686-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00686-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent throbbing, moderate-to-severe headaches that disrupt daily chores, leisure, and social activities of patients, impacting their overall quality of life (QoL). Despite the high disease burden, there is a scarcity of data on migraines within the Middle East (ME) region. Thus, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to examine epidemiological data, treatment patterns, QoL, and unmet needs regarding migraines in the ME region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic searches were carried out using the MEDLINE® and Embase® databases via the OvidSP® platform for articles published prior to April 2024. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of studies were based on the Patients, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study design framework, which identified 42 studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of migraines reported from the region ranged between 2.6 and 32%, and the average age of patients with migraines reported in these studies ranged from 27 to 37.5 years. The data indicated a gender disparity in migraine prevalence, with women exhibiting a 2- to 2.5-fold higher prevalence. Common comorbidities reported were depression, anxiety, and irritable bowel disease. Migraines significantly impact patients' physical and emotional well-being, leading to disabilities and loss of productivity. The most common triggers of migraines were sleep disorders, dietary habits, and stress. The current treatment landscape for acute migraines encompasses anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, triptans, ditans, calcitonin-gene-related peptides, and antiemetics. However, migraines in the region are often underestimated, underreported, and undertreated. Several unmet needs persist in the region, including delayed referral along with delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, poor treatment adherence, limited accessibility to treatments, and a lack of awareness among health care providers and patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SLR highlights knowledge gaps in clinical aspects and the treatment of migraines and enables clinicians to make informed decisions to ensure optimal patient outcomes in diverse clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"145-183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Burden of Migraine: A 30-Year Trend Review and Future Projections by Age, Sex, Country, and Region.","authors":"Lingkang Dong, Wenqi Dong, Yuchen Jin, Yumeng Jiang, Zhuangzhuang Li, Dongzhen Yu","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00690-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00690-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder causing significant disability worldwide. Despite extensive research on specific populations, comprehensive analyses of global trends are remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data for migraine from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Trends were analyzed across regions, age groups, sexes, and sociodemographic index (SDI) using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC). Predictive models (ARIMA) were used to forecast trends to 2050.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of migraine significantly increased: prevalence increased by 58.15%, from 732.56 million to 1.16 billion cases, and incidence increased by 42.06%. The DALYs also increased by 58.27%. There were differences between the sexes: female individuals had higher absolute rates of migraine incidence and prevalence, but male individuals exhibited a four- to five-fold more rapid increase than female individuals in these parameters. Adolescents (< 20 years old) have the fastest growth in prevalence and DALYs. Regionally, high SDI regions having the highest age-standardized rate (ASR) and low SDI regions having the lowest ASR in DALYs. East Asia and Latin America exhibited the most significant increases in migraine burden, whereas Southeast Asia exhibited the most pronounced decrease. Predictive analysis suggests prevalence will continue to rise until 2050, particularly among male individuals and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The global burden of migraine has significantly escalated from 1990 to 2021, with female individuals bearing a greater burden but male individuals showing a faster growth rate. Adolescents also face a rapidly rising prevalence. Disparities across SDI regions, countries, age groups, and sexes emphasize the need for targeted public health strategies. Focused interventions are required to mitigate the growing impact of migraines on global health, particularly among male individuals and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"297-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost Savings in Chronic Pain Patients Initiating Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) with a 60-Day PNS Treatment.","authors":"David M Dickerson, Hemant Kalia, Kevin E Vorenkamp, Konstantin V Slavin, Jonathan M Hagedorn, Candace Gunnarsson, Eric L Keuffel, Andrew J Epstein, Mark Stultz, Nathan D Crosby","doi":"10.1007/s40122-024-00677-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40122-024-00677-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluates the financial impact on healthcare payers when chronic pain patients initiate peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) with a 60-day percutaneous PNS (60-Day PNS) treatment versus a conventional brief PNS trial (PNS-BT) with possible follow-on of a permanently implanted PNS system (PNS-PI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) fee-for-service (FFS) data were analyzed to identify patients with at least 12 months of follow-up (median 26.4 months) who initiated PNS treatment with: (1) 60-Day PNS or (2) PNS-BT. An economic decision tree model assessed the cost to payers in each cohort. Clinical response to 60-Day PNS was estimated by retrospectively reviewing anonymized outcomes from a national real-world database, focusing on patients ≥ 65 years of age who were implanted with a 60-day percutaneous PNS system. For the economic model, a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations was used to generate 95% confidence intervals, considering variability in treatment outcome probability and costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on CMS data, among 60-Day PNS patients, 18% (229/1265) proceeded to a permanently implanted PNS system with a 4% explant rate (10/229). Among PNS-BT patients, 41% (1140/2811) received a permanent implant with a 7% rate of explant (77/1140). Estimated PNS-related weighted average costs for the 60-Day PNS cohort [US$17,344; 95% confidence interval (CI): $16,168-$18,527] were lower than the PNS-BT cohort ($24,392; 95% CI $22,865-$25,941) when considering the percent of patients who advanced to a permanently implanted PNS system. The total cost per successful outcome also favored 60-Day PNS ($25,228 per success for the 60-Day PNS cohort vs. $64,502 per success for the PNS-BT cohort) as a first-line approach in PNS treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that, when PNS for chronic pain is warranted, initiating PNS with a 60-day treatment is more cost-effective than utilizing a brief conventional trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"269-282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}