Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research最新文献

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of Volkameriainermis","authors":"Lavanya Krishnadhas, R. Santhi, S. Annapurani","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9587","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles are gaining interest in biomedical applications due to its importance such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer agents. Conventional methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles involves toxic reagents which produce harmful by-products and are hazardous to the environment. To overcome these limitations, green synthesis of nanoparticles was established. Eco-friendly methods using plant extracts are gaining popularity due to the abundance of raw materials and the production of non-toxic by-products threatening to the environment. Moreover, the nanoparticles synthesized from the plant extract are cost-effective. In addition, nanoparticles produced by green synthesis methods produces synergetic effect where both the nanoparticles as well as the natural bioactive constituents of the plant influence the biocidal properties. Different methods namely heating in water bath, microwave oven and exposure to bright sunlight were adopted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Plant extract based synthesis of silver nanoparticles was eco-friendly and shows an alternative promise in bio-medical applications and it undertakes the negative effects of synthetic drugs.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85451239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of the Sustained Release Tablet of Ketorolac Tromethamine Using Natural Polymer as an Extended Releasing Agent","authors":"M. Gadhave, V. Rutuja, S. Jadhav, D. Gaikwad","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9584","url":null,"abstract":"Sustained release tablets of Ketorolac Tromethamine were formulated using Aloe vera Gel Powder as extended drug releasing agent. The tablets were evaluated for preformulation studies like angle of repose, bulk density, compressibility index and physical characteristics like hardness, weight variation, friability and drug content. In-vitro release of drug was carried out in phosphate buffer solution pH 6.8 for twelve hours. All the physical characters of the formulated tablet were found within the acceptable limit. The tablet with Aloe Vera gel powder in Batch-F3 exhibited greater drug release than other batches. It is proved from the dissolution profile of Ketorolac Tromethamine, that Aloe Vera gel powder possess the drug release retarding ability.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83798517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of HylocereusPolyrhizus Rind Extract Toward Interleukin-1β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Endometriosis Implant Area","authors":"P. YanuarEka, H. Hendarto, Widjiati","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9588","url":null,"abstract":"Retrograde menstruation lead to I Kappa B Kinase (IKK) fosforilation in peritoneum macrophage and cause secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin1β then stimulate endometriosis cell to produce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor which lead to increasing of endometriosis lession seen as endometriosis implant area. Cytokine secretion was inhibited through prevention of NF-κB activation by dragon red fruit rind extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus). The aim of this reserach is to know the effect of dragon red fuit rind extract with 0,25; 0,5; and 1 mg/g bodyweight dosage toward IL-1β, VEGF expression and implant area in endometriosis mice model. The design of this experiment was randomized post test only control group design.Endometrios mice model were made in 14 days and split into two group, positive control group and treatment group after two week negative control group and postive control group were given Na-CMC 0,5% solution consequetively, and treatment group were given dragon red fruit extract with different dosage. Signification number for IL-1β is p>0,05, signification number for VEGF is p>0,05, and implant area signification number is p>0,05. Administration of dragon red fruit rind extract can decrease IL-1β, VEGF, and implant area.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81884727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Role of Zamzam Water in Some Chronic Diseases in Rats","authors":"Amal S. Abdel-Azeem, A. Mubarak, Y. Abd-Elhady, Asmaa Gaber Mohammed Badawi","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9582","url":null,"abstract":"Water from holy zamzam is consumed by many Muslims in the world due to its beneficial role for the health of human beings.Therefore the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of zamzam water in diabetes mellitus, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats as well as to determine the chemical analysis of this water. Fifty six male albino rats weighting (150±5gm) were divided into four main groups and each group was divided into two subgroups a and b, one administered tap water (Tw) and the other subgroup administered zamzam water (zw). The 1st main group was normal rat (-ve control), the 2nd group was diabetic (induced by alloxan 150 mg/kg b.w.), the 3rd was nephrotoxic (induced by gentamicin 100 mg/kg b.w.) and the 4th group was hepatotoxic by carbon tetrachloride (2ml/ kg b.w.). The experiment lasted after four weeks. Zamzam water significantly decreased serum glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and elevated HDL- cholesterol. Moreover the liver and kidney markers were also improved in the groups that treated with zamzam water relative to its control taking tap water. Zamzam water has a protective role against hazardous effects of diabetes mellitus, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88633453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization, Production, and Partial Purification of Thermostable -Amylase Produced by Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. NRC12017","authors":"E. M. El-kady, Mohsen S. Asker, Saadia M. Hassanein, Eman A. Elmansy, F. El-beih","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9581","url":null,"abstract":"α-Amylase biosynthesis was illustrated under stress circumstances of high temperature and high salinity in aerobically cultivated culture of a newly isolated moderately thermophilic bacterium of spore-forming Bacillus sp. NRC12017 in medium containing starch, peptone and yeast extract. Maximum yield (18.41 U/ml) was took place at pH 6.5 with 200 µl inoculum size at 45°C and an incubation time of 3 days. The ideal volume of the fermentation broth was found to be 15 ml in 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask, supplementation of starch at 2.5% and peptone plus yeast extract at 0.7% brought about the greatest production of α-amylase. Two fractions of α-amylase activities, designated FIII and FIV, were refined from culture filtrate utilizing ammonium sulfate (60 and 80%) and showed the main band at 30 KDa. Both fractions had the highest activity at 250 µl starch in a reaction mixture and pH 6.0-7.0. FIII and FIV showed that a temperature of 50 and 55°C and a reaction time of 20 and 30 min were the best available conditions for their activities, respectively, both fractions were stable up to 65°C and the activity was decreased drastically to 3.22 and 3.26 % when heated at 70°C. Concerning pH stability, a broad range of pH stability (5.0-11.0) was obtained by FIII and FIV.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76488477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Imperatorin in Neuropathology of Parkinson’s Disease: An In Silico Study","authors":"Krishnapriya M Varier, Sumathi Thangarajan, Arulvasu Chinnasamy","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9586","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by thedopaminergic neurons loss in the midbrain. Even though there are some drugs in the market to ease parkinsonian symptoms, an accurate drug to prevent or cure the disease is still unknown. This study is an attempt to estimate in silico; a bioactive plant fucocoumarinImperatorin; for its ability as an anti-PD drug, using Autodock 4.2, Pre-ADMET and molinspiration tools against the antioxidants involved in neuropathology of PD, keeping amantadine as a positive control. The molecules selected for the study are Cyclo- Oxygenase 1 (COX-1), Homo-Oxygenase-1(HO-1), NRF2-Keap1, Lipo-Oxygenase 1(LOX-1), Phospholipase A2 (pA2), DJ-1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The reliability of the 3 Dimensional (3-D) structures generated were confirmed using WHATIF Server. The study predicted Imperatorin as a potent anti-PD drug, being good inhibitors of COX-1, HO-1 and LOX-1, having less human toxicity and better ability to cross Blood Brain-Barrier (BBB).","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73802240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of CalvatiaCraniiformis and IverMectin as Novel Alternative Therapies for Aspergillus Niger Associated Acute Otitis Media with Special Refer to SocioDemographic Factors Among Rural Children of Diyala Province-Iraq","authors":"G. Jameel, A. Al-ezzy","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I08.9583","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives are to determine antifungal activity of Ivermectin and Calvatiacraniiformis as a novel alternative therapy for aspergillus niger associated acute otitis media (AOM) among rural children of Diyala province; correlation of sociodemographic factors with frequency of infection. Ear swabs taken from 58 infected children and cultured onSabouraud dextrose agar for 7-14 days .Macroscopic and microscopic criteria used for diagnosis of A.niger .High isolation rate for A.niger (27.59%) among children of (4-6) years with significant difference between age groups ( p value 0.039); genders ( p value 0.004);house status(p value=0.018);family size (p value =0.00006334) and month of infection (p value=0.000). A.niger infection negatively correlated with patients age (p value =0.039), family economy and house status (p value =0.000),family size (p value =0.000). Alcohol extract of C.craniiformis (100mg, 200mg, 400mg, 500mg, 600mg, 800mg and 1000 mg) and ivermectin (0.5%,1 % and 2%) restricted the growth of A. niger after 3 days .Significance difference reported between all concentrations except 100 mg and 200 mg ; 600 mg and 800 mg. Significance difference in inhibitory activity between concentration 1% and 2%,0.5% and 2% of Ivermectin respectively. Conclusions: A.niger infections positively correlated with family size and inversely with age and family economy. The growth of A nigersignificantly restricted by alcohol extract of C.craniiformis and Ivermectin in concentration dependent manner. The powerful concentration was 1000mg, for C.craniiformis and 2% for Ivermectin. Thus, C.craniiformis and Ivermectin consider a novel antifungal agents that can be used in clinical practice for treatment of A.niger associated otitis media that represents a clinical problem in children and need serious attention from clinicians.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80881945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Education Based Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill (IMB) Model of Improving Knowledge, Motivation, and Performance Demonstration Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) to Community Pharmacists in Surabaya","authors":"Amelia Lorensia, Benny Setiawan, Daniel Maranatha, Ananta Yudiarso","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I7.8780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I7.8780","url":null,"abstract":"Preparations in the treatment of chronic asthma inhaler is more recommended dosage, but many asthma patients are not able to use an asthma inhaler properly. Dosage forms of inhaler types of metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is the most commonly used ayng. The role of community pharmacists are crucial in educating techniques use an asthma inhaler, but pharmacists can not use its own community and pharmacists current training methods based on knowledge has not been effective. In this study tested the theory-based educational methods IMB compared with conventional educational methods knowledge of the performance of community pharmacists in educating techniques use an asthma inhaler. A total of 25 community pharmacists participate in the research. All 25 pharmacists were then divided into two, the control group (n = 13). In comparison, the use of inhaler technique education based IMB improve the ability of community pharmacists inhaler demonstration is better than knowledge-based education, but there was no difference in the improvement of knowledge and motivation between the two. Although pharmacists who intervened with IMB-based educational models can demonstrate MDI use techniques better than knowledge-based education course.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80545660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Ergonomic Training on Body Posture and Musculoskeletal Disorder in Hospital Nurses","authors":"C. Vinodhini","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I7.8782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I7.8782","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims in determining the effectiveness of ergonomic training on work- related musculoskeletal disorders and\u0000body posture among hospital nurses. Thirty hospital nurses were selected based on the selection criteria. Pre-test\u0000assessments were obtained using Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire, Visual analogue scale and Rapid upper\u0000limb assessment. The nurses were further split into experimental and control group with fifteen each. A comprehensive 8\u0000week ergonomic training program was aided to the experimental group. Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to determine\u0000the significance between the pre-test and the post-test values. P= 0.0001 (P less than 0.05 is considered significant). The frequency\u0000of the musculoskeletal pain has decreased with improved body posture. The study reveals the evidence for a need of a\u0000multicentre approach towards the treatment of work related musculoskeletal disorders. Study also illuminates the dynamic\u0000role of an occupational therapist in the field of ergonomics and intervening musculoskeletal disorders.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75518948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow Up Evaluation of Pediatric Epileptic Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study","authors":"Ahmad Khan, Anam Khan, M. Rehman, Sumaya Hanif, N. Sahi, Maria Zafar, Jallat Khan, F. Saleem","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I7.8789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I7.8789","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the follow up evaluation of pediatric epileptic patients and to determine the problems in epilepsy\u0000treatment that need improvement. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Neurology Department at\u0000Children Hospital Lahore. A Pharmaceutical Care Plan was developed which included Subjective information, Objective\u0000information, Assessment and Plan of the condition of patient followed by definitive plan for assessment of adverse drug\u0000reactions, drug-drug interactions and pharmacoecnomics. 100 patients having age ≤ 15 years with uncomplicated epileptic\u0000seizures were followed for seven months. Data was analyzed by routine statistical methods. Results: Commonly\u0000encountered cases were tonic clonic 39%, myoclonic 12%, petitmal 11% and complex partial seizures 9%. Results show\u0000that most commonly prescribed drug was Valproic acid used in 67% cases. Patients stable on monotherapy were 57 %.\u0000Patients with appropriate dose were 89%. Generic prescribing was done in 10% cases. Patient who received antibiotics and\u0000multivitamins were 19% and 21% respectively. Adverse drug reactions were observed in 13% cases. The patients with\u0000poor education, medium education and good education were 7.9, 63 and 28.6 percent respectively. Compliance was\u0000satisfactory in 72% patients. Patients with well-controlled fits were 25%. Mean cost of treatment for one month at start and\u0000end study was Rs. 576 ± Rs. 345 and Rs. 716 ± Rs. 422 respectively. Various wrong views about epilepsy are common in\u0000our society like patients who consider it due to evil spirits were 36%, and 24% of these patients in the start of disease\u0000strictly take a treatment from faith holders for the cure of disease. Conclusion: There is a great need for the education of\u0000our society about epilepsy and its proper treatment. The discrepancies observed in the treatment of epilepsy were due to\u0000absence of pharmacist in our health care system. If pharmacist checks all the prescriptions, maintains pharmaceutical care\u0000plan of all the patients under SOAP format and implements guidelines of Standard Pharmaceutical Care Plan, the quality\u0000of life of epileptic patients can be improved. Likewise, cost of the treatment can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85809258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}