Estelle Meaux, Culum Brown, Sarah L Mesnick, Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, Hannah S Mumby
{"title":"Worlds that collide: conservation applications of behaviour and culture in human-wildlife interactions.","authors":"Estelle Meaux, Culum Brown, Sarah L Mesnick, Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, Hannah S Mumby","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0137","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The behaviour of both humans and wildlife is central to the conservation of biodiversity because conservation requires human actions at multiple scales. In species with evidence of socially learned behaviour and culture, the juxtaposition of human and animal culture increases the complexity of human-wildlife interactions and their investigation but also offers opportunities to mitigate negative interactions. In this paper, we consider the language used to analyse human-animal interactions and we review the effect of culture and socially learned behaviours on those interactions. We investigate how knowledge of culture and theory from behavioural studies can be used to negotiate the complex interactions between humans and wildlife, providing specific examples of how culture can be mined for developing policies regarding negative interactions. We highlight that interactions between animal and human culture are central to the conservation of wildlife, and that such human-wildlife interactions are a key target for studies of biodiversity conservation. Integrating culture and social learning into conservation research offers scope to leverage knowledge gaps, misconceptions and concerns into conservation actions that are targeted, relevant and meaningful.This article is part of the theme issue 'Animal culture: conservation in a changing world'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1925","pages":"20240137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the interface between cultural transmission, phenotypic diversity, demography and the conservation of migratory ungulates.","authors":"Brett Jesmer, Janey Fugate, Matthew Kauffman","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0131","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent evidence indicates that green-wave surfing behaviour in ungulates and the migrations that stem from this behaviour are socially learned, culturally transmitted across generations and become more efficient via cumulative cultural evolution. But given a lack of corroborative evidence, whether ungulate migration is a cultural phenomenon remains a hypothesis deserving of further testing. In this opinion piece, we summarize the role memory and social learning play in the green-wave surfing that underlies ungulate migration, and when combined with the natural history of ungulates, we argue that the most likely mechanism for maintenance of ungulate migration is animal culture. We further our argument by providing a synopsis of processes that promote diversification of migratory behaviour and link these processes to their emergent ecological patterns, which are common in nature but have not historically been considered as potential cultural phenomena. The notion that diverse portfolios of migratory behaviour may buffer populations from environmental change emerges from this synthesis but requires empirical testing. Finally, we contend that, because the migratory behaviour of ungulates stems largely from cultural transmission as opposed to a genetic programme, the diversity of observed migratory strategies represents 'culturally significant units' deserving of the same conservation effort afforded to evolutionarily significant units.This article is part of the theme issue 'Animal culture: conservation in a changing world'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1925","pages":"20240131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Dal Corso, Aurélie Salavert, Elena Marinova, Rosalind E Gillis
{"title":"Exploring the role of plant-animal interactions in the long-term development of heritage landscapes in Europe.","authors":"Marta Dal Corso, Aurélie Salavert, Elena Marinova, Rosalind E Gillis","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0204","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spanning from southern Europe to central and eastern Europe, open woodlands, such as forest-steppe and garrigue, and the grasslands within, constitute protected heritage landscapes considered hotspots for biodiversity, faced with threats from climate change and the disappearance of traditional farming and herding practices. Through a review of published case studies, we explore the biographies of the Eurasian agro-pastoral landscapes in eastern Europe, southern France, the Iberian Peninsula and the Italian and German Alpine forelands. Alongside depicting the natural features that raise our interest in these environments today, we search for anthropogenic agencies in the formation and maintenance of agro-sylvo-pastoral land use in these interconnected aspects: forest openness, biodiversity and animal husbandry. We focus especially on the impact on vegetation of domesticated animals since prehistoric times. Based on different kinds of complementary proxies from palaeoecology as well as bioarchaeology and geoarchaeology, we demonstrate that these environments are the result of a <i>longue durée</i> process at the interplay between natural and anthropogenic dynamics. This review highlights the importance of further understanding landscape dynamics through the lens of long-term developments of environments and of herding/farming practices, to help inform tangible cultural heritage and conservation programes for the protection of European landscape diversity.This article is part of the theme issue 'Unravelling domestication: multi-disciplinary perspectives on human and non-human relationships in the past, present and future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1926","pages":"20240204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosalind Emma Gillis, Marta Dal Corso, Hugo Rafael Oliveira, Robert N Spengler
{"title":"Unravelling domestication: introduction to the theme issue.","authors":"Rosalind Emma Gillis, Marta Dal Corso, Hugo Rafael Oliveira, Robert N Spengler","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1926","pages":"20240187"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philippa Brakes, Lucy Aplin, Emma L Carroll, Alison L Greggor, Andrew Whiten, Ellen C Garland
{"title":"Animal culture: conservation in a changing world.","authors":"Philippa Brakes, Lucy Aplin, Emma L Carroll, Alison L Greggor, Andrew Whiten, Ellen C Garland","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0127","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social learning and animal culture can influence conservation outcomes in significant ways. Culture is a dynamic phenomenon; socially learned behaviours can be transmitted within and/or between generations and among populations, which can facilitate resilience, or in other circumstances generate vulnerability. Culture can be a driver of evolutionary diversification, population structure and demography, shaping sociality and influencing underlying biological processes such as reproduction and survival, affecting fitness. This theme issue synthesizes the current state of knowledge on cultural variation within major vertebrate taxa, offering practical insights on how social learning can interface directly with conservation interventions. It ranges over topics that include translocations, human-wildlife interactions and adaptation to anthropogenic change. Culture is complex; integrating cultural processes into conservation is challenging. No one-size-fits-all policy can be recommended. Instead, we aim to balance current understanding of underlying processes with a diversity of practical implementations in this nascent field, exploring and supporting developing pathways towards conservation efficiencies. Key themes that emerge include conserving cultural capacity, benefits of data sharing, along with the intrinsic value of animal cultures and the role of Indigenous Peoples and local communities.This article is part of the theme issue 'Animal culture: conservation in a changing world'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1925","pages":"20240127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of habitat health and environmental change on cultural diversity and richness in animals.","authors":"Sofia Bolcato, Lucy Aplin","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is increasing evidence that habitat decline via fragmentation or species loss can lead to loss of cultural diversity, complexity or richness in non-human animals. For example, a reduction in local bird species richness leads lyrebirds to sing fewer complex songs, while great apes living in fragmented landscapes have smaller cultural repertoires. However, the link between animal culture and local ecology remains understudied, and the potentially complex interactions between ongoing ecological change and animal culture are poorly understood. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on how ecology influences animal culture, focusing on vocal communication and foraging behaviour. We identify key factors affecting cultural patterning, including direct effects (e.g. environmental variability) and indirect effects (e.g. connectivity). We then review the emerging evidence for the effects of environmental change on culture, identifying three major threatening processes: habitat fragmentation, habitat degradation and urbanization. Finally, we develop a predictive framework for the effect of these threatening processes on animal culture and highlight how the loss of cultural diversity and complexity can lead to fitness costs with conservation implications.This article is part of the theme issue 'Animal culture: conservation in a changing world'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1925","pages":"20240141"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The growing methodological toolkit for identifying and studying social learning and culture in non-human animals.","authors":"Andrew Whiten, Christian Rutz","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing consensus that animals' socially transmitted knowledge should be recognized when planning conservation management, but demonstrating social learning or culture can present considerable challenges, especially in the wild. Fortunately, decades of research have spawned a rich methodological toolkit for exactly this purpose. Here, we review principal approaches, including: social learning experiments; analyses of natural or experimentally seeded diffusions of novel behaviours, sometimes using specialist statistical techniques; mapping of behavioural variation across neighbouring, sympatric or captive groups, or at larger scales; and assessment of aspects of cross-generational transmission, including teaching, learning during ontogenetic development and cumulative change. Some methods reviewed were developed for captive studies, but have subsequently been adapted for application in the wild, or are useful for exploring a species' general propensity to learn and transmit information socially. We highlight several emerging 'rapid assessment' approaches-including camera trapping, passive acoustic monitoring, animal-borne tags, AI-assisted data mining and computer simulations-that should prove useful in addressing particularly urgent conservation needs. We conclude by considering how best to use this growing methodological toolkit in practice, to guide further research on animal social learning and cultures, and maximize conservation and policy impact.This article is part of the theme issue 'Animal culture: conservation in a changing world'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1925","pages":"20240140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assunta Florenzano, Jessica Zappa, Anna Maria Mercuri
{"title":"Complex pathways in plant-human relationships in changing environments: pollen, seeds, wood, molecules and weeds in the Early-Mid Holocene Sahara.","authors":"Assunta Florenzano, Jessica Zappa, Anna Maria Mercuri","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0205","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This contribution is a survey of the research on the long-lasting relationship between plants and humans in the Holocene 'green' Sahara. Based on archaeobotanical data, including pollen and other plant remains, we present the complex dynamics of environmental instability and cultural trajectories, which had joint effects on plant communities and human behaviour in this area. The review illustrates the scientific methodological approach to archaeo-environmental reconstruction through case studies of ethnobotany and archaeobotany, showing the adaptation strategies of plants and humans living in changing environments since the Early Holocene, before and after desertification. Most of the plant species exploited during the Holocene in the Sahara were wild plants, and among them some wild grasses supplied food as cereals. Interestingly, these wild cereals are often considered weeds in modern agriculture as they belong to species with great phenotypic plasticity and opportunistic behaviour. The links between natural resources and their exploitation, environmental and climatic changes, resilience and adaptation are investigated in an interdisciplinary and holistic perspective.This article is part of the theme issue 'Unravelling domestication: multi-disciplinary perspectives on human and non-human relationships in the past, present and future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1926","pages":"20240205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucy Bates, Victoria Louise Fishlock, Joshua Plotnik, Shermin de Silva, Graeme Shannon
{"title":"Knowledge transmission, culture and the consequences of social disruption in wild elephants.","authors":"Lucy Bates, Victoria Louise Fishlock, Joshua Plotnik, Shermin de Silva, Graeme Shannon","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0132","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cultural knowledge is widely presumed to be important for elephants. In all three elephant species, individuals tend to congregate around older conspecifics, creating opportunities for social transmission. However, direct evidence of social learning and cultural traditions in elephants is scarce. Here, we briefly outline that evidence then provide a systematic review of how elephant societies respond to the loss of potentially knowledgeable individuals or opportunities for knowledge transfer, which we characterize as <i>social disruption</i>. We consider observations from 95 peer-reviewed, primary research papers that describe disruption to elephant societies or networks via the removal or death of individuals. Natural deaths were mentioned in 14 papers, while 70 detailed human-caused deaths or disruption. Grouping descriptions according to consequences for behaviour and sociality, and demography and fitness, we show that severely disrupted populations are less cohesive, may exhibit reduced fitness or calf survival and respond inappropriately to threats and predators. We suggest that severe social disruption can inhibit or break potential pathways of information transmission, providing indirect evidence for the role of social transmission in elephants. This has implications for elephant conservation amid increasing anthropogenic change across their habitats.This article is part of the theme issue 'Animal culture: conservation in a changing world'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1925","pages":"20240132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Izar, Erica van de Waal, Martha M Robbins
{"title":"Integrating culture into primate conservation.","authors":"Patricia Izar, Erica van de Waal, Martha M Robbins","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primates exhibit the richest cultural repertoire among animal taxa, spanning foraging, communication, sociality and tool use. Understanding the cultural behaviours of primates has strongly influenced the study of animal behaviour and challenged traditional views that culture is exclusive to humans. With nearly 60% of primate species endangered owing to human-driven habitat changes, recent calls have emerged to integrate cultural diversity into conservation strategies. However, the integration of culture into primate conservation requires careful planning to avoid misallocation of resources or skewed conservation priorities. Our review reveals that studies on primate culture are limited to less than 3% of extant species, largely owing to taxonomic and methodological biases favouring long-term observations in protected habitats. We propose that including culture in conservation policies can broaden the scope of research, fostering more inclusive conservation agendas that address taxa with diverse habitats and underexplored cultural traits. Furthermore, anthropogenic habitat changes can both erode and foster cultural behaviours, emphasizing the need for context-specific conservation strategies. We suggest that recognizing cultural traits in conservation frameworks may enhance the resilience of primate populations in changing environments. This approach promises a more comprehensive and equitable allocation of conservation efforts, preserving both the biological and cultural diversity of primates.This article is part of the theme issue 'Animal culture: conservation in a changing world'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1925","pages":"20240135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}